Crisis Intervention Handbook Assessment, Treatment, and Research

by Roberts, Albert R.

• ISBN13: 9780195133653
• ISBN10: 019513365X
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-04-20
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Crisis intervention has become the most widely used brief treatment modality in the world. As a result of millions of acute crisis events occurring each year and impacting the lives of the general public, interest in crisis intervention, response teams, and crisis management has grown tremendously in the past decade. However, there exists a limited amount of literature designed to give timely and comprehensive help for crisis workers. This book fills that gap. It is the first interdisciplinary handbook to prepare the crisis counselor for rapid assessment and timely crisis intervention in the 21st century. In this classic volume, Dr. Roberts and 34 clinical experts and distinguished chapter authors have set the "standard of care and treatment" for persons in trauma and acute crises. This handbook gives all professionals ready access to the specific guidelines, practice techniques, protective factors and resilience, case study applications, and crisis intervention strategies that are most appropriate for maximizing opportunities for rapid assessment and crisis resolution. Now expanded and fully updated, Crisis Intervention Handbook: Assessment, Treatment, and Research, Second Edition focuses on crisis intervention services for persons who are victims of natural disasters, school-based and home-based violence, violent crimes, and personal or family crises. Consisting of five parts, it covers a broad array of subjects, including psychiatric emergencies, medical crises, community-wide disasters, and high school shootings. Part I provides an overview; Part II addresses crisis assessment and intervention models for children and youths; Part III explores crisis intervention and prevention for victims of violence; Part IV describes crisis assessment and intervention in health and mental health related crises; and Part V focuses on research and outcome studies on the effectiveness of crisis intervention programs throughout the world. In the current managed-care era of accountability and utilization of best practices, every practitioner will find this handbook indispensable and essential reading. It applies a unifying model of crisis intervention, making it appropriate for front-line crisis workers, clinical psychologists, social workers, psychiatric mental health nurses, counselors, and graduate students who need to know the latest steps and methods for intervening effectively with persons experiencing a full-blown crisis episode.

Table of Contents

Foreword	v
Ann Wolbert Burgess
Contributors	xvii
Introduction	xxiii
Part I: Overview
An Overview of Crisis Theory and Crisis Intervention	3	(28)
Albert R. Roberts
Scope of the Problem and Prevalence Estimates	6	(1)
Crisis Reactions and Crisis Intervention	7	(1)
Defining a Crisis and Crisis Concepts	8	(3)
Historical Development	11	(4)
Crisis Intervention Models and Strategies	15	(6)
Crisis Intervention Units and 24-Hour Hotlines	21	(7)
Summary	28	(3)
How to Work With Clients' Strengths in Crisis Intervention: A Solution-Focused Approach	31	(25)
Gilbert J. Greene
Mo-Yee Lee
Rhonda Trask
Judy Rheinscheld
Crisis Intervention and Solution-Focused Therapy	33	(3)
A Solution-Focused Approach to Crisis Intervention	36	(15)
Summary and Conclusion	51	(5)
Crisis Intervention for Persons Diagnosed With Clinical Disorders Based on the Stress-Crisis Continuum	56	(21)
Ann Wolbert Burgess
Albert R. Roberts
Theoretical Framework	58	(1)
Somatic Distress	59	(3)
Transitional Stress Crisis	62	(1)
Traumatic Stress Crisis	63	(4)
Family Crisis	67	(2)
Serious Mental Illness	69	(2)
Psychiatric Emergencies	71	(3)
Catastrophic Crisis	74	(3)
Innovations in Group Crisis Intervention: Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) and Critical Incidents Stress Management (CISM)	77	(24)
George S. Everly, Jr.
Jeffrey M. Lating
Jeffrey T. Mitchell
A Two-Factor Model of Acute Crisis	78	(4)
Critical Incident Stress Debriefing	82	(4)
Critical Incident Stress Management	86	(1)
Application of Models to Case Studies	87	(5)
Conclusions and Summary	92	(9)
Part II: Crisis Assessment and Intervention Models With Children and Youth
Crisis Intervention With Early Adolescents Who Have Suffered a Significant Loss	101	(30)
M. Sean O'Halloran
Ellis P. Copeland
Crisis in the Lives of Early Adolescents	103	(1)
Scope of the Problem and Clinical Considerations	104	(2)
Assessment of Vulnerabilities and Risk Factors	106	(1)
Resilience and Protective Factors	107	(1)
Case Examples	108	(17)
Special Considerations	125	(2)
Conclusion	127	(4)
Adolescent Suicidality and Crisis Intervention	131	(21)
David A. Jobes
Alan L. Berman
Catherine E. Martin
Scope of the Problem	133	(1)
Crisis Intervention: Roberts's Seven-Stage Model	134	(13)
Case Study Outcomes	147	(1)
Summary	148	(4)
Crisis Intervention at College Counseling Centers	152	(25)
Allen J. Ottens
Linda L. Black
Acquaintance Rape	153	(5)
Crisis Intervention: Application of the Model (Tamika)	158	(4)
The Impostor Phenomenon	162	(4)
Crisis Intervention: Application of the Model (Megan)	166	(3)
Conclusion	169	(8)
Part III: Crisis Prevention and Crisis Prevention With Victims of Violence
A Comprehensive Model for Crisis Intervention With Battered Women and Their Children	177	(32)
Albert R. Roberts
Beverly Schenkman Roberts
Scope of the Problem	179	(2)
Battered Women at High Risk of Crisis Episodes	181	(2)
Traumatic Battering Events, Legal Action, Medical Injuries, and Sleep Disturbances as Precursors to Crisis Episodes	183	(1)
Resilience and Protective Factors	184	(3)
Crisis Intervention by Police-Based Crisis Teams and Victim Assistance Units	187	(2)
Vocational Training for Battered Women	189	(1)
Assessment and Intervention in the Emergency Room	190	(2)
Intervention Techniques Used by Telephone Hotlines and Battered Women's Shelters	192	(3)
Telephone Log	195	(1)
Art Therapy	196	(1)
Individualized Treatment for Children	196	(3)
Group Treatment for Children	199	(1)
Technology to Protect Battered Women	200	(3)
Referral	203	(2)
Summary and Conclusion	205	(4)
School Crisis Intervention, Crisis Prevention, and Crisis Response	209	(20)
Scott Newgass
David J. Schonfeld
The Regional School Crisis Prevention and Response Program	213	(1)
Crises Benefiting from a Team Response	214	(1)
Levels of Intervention	214	(1)
Notification/Communication	215	(3)
Memorialization	218	(1)
Support Rooms	219	(2)
Classroom Interventions	221	(3)
Follow-Up and Staff Support	224	(1)
Training and Technical Assistance	225	(1)
Conclusions	226	(3)
Crisis Intervention With School Violence Problems and Volatile Situations	229	(21)
Gordon MacNeil
Chris Stewart
Definition of the Problem	231	(1)
Scope of the Problem	231	(2)
Risk and Protective Factors	233	(1)
Interventions	233	(4)
Application of Roberts's Crisis Intervention Model With Cognitive Therapy	237	(5)
Special Considerations	242	(1)
Catastrophic Events	243	(3)
Conclusion and Policy Recommendations	246	(4)
An Application of Crisis Intervention to Situational Crises Frequently Experienced by Adult Survivors of Incest	250	(25)
Pamela Valentine
Precursors to Crisis Episodes Among Adult Survivors of Incest	252	(1)
Definition of Incest	253	(1)
Prevalence of Incest	254	(1)
Effects of Incest on Victims	255	(3)
Crisis Intervention: Roberts's Seven-Stage Model	258	(10)
Summary and Conclusion	268	(7)
Part IV: Crisis Assessment and Crisis Intervention in Health-Related and Mental Health-Related Crises
Crisis Intervention Application of Brief Solution-Focused Therapy in Addictions	275	(32)
Kenneth R. Yeager
Thomas K. Gregoire
Crisis Overview	276	(2)
Estimates of the Substance Dependence Problem in America	278	(1)
Definitions of Dependence, Acute Stressors, and Crisis Event	279	(1)
Application of Roberts's Seven-Stage Crisis Intervention Model and Analysis of Risk and Protective Factors	280	(19)
Conclusion	299	(8)
The Crisis of Divorce: Cognitive-Behavioral and Constructivist Assessment and Treatment	307	(30)
Donald K. Granvold
Prevalence of Divorce and Mental Health Consequences	310	(2)
Definition of Crisis	312	(1)
Divorce as Crisis	313	(2)
Psychosocial Needs of Divorcing/Divorced Clients	315	(3)
Risk Assessment	318	(2)
Client Strengths, Resilience, and Protective Strategies	320	(2)
Intervention	322	(9)
Conclusion	331	(6)
Crisis Intervention With HIV-Positive Women	337	(20)
Sarah J. Lewis
Dianne F. Harrison
Case Vignettes	338	(1)
Definition of Crisis	339	(2)
Scope of the Problem and Psychosocial Variables	341	(6)
Resilience and Protective Factors	347	(1)
Seven Stages of Roberts's Crisis Intervention Model	347	(7)
Conclusion	354	(3)
Mobile Crisis Units: Frontline Community Mental Health Services	357	(16)
Jan Ligon
Overview of the Problem	358	(1)
Expansion of Community Crisis Services	359	(1)
Mental Health Reform in Georgia	360	(1)
Crisis Services	361	(1)
Development of Mobile Crisis Units	361	(1)
Role of Law Enforcement	362	(1)
Differences in MCU Staffing and Service Delivery	362	(1)
Mobile Crisis Services in DeKalb Country, Georgia	363	(1)
Applications of Roberts's Seven-Stage Model	364	(3)
Outcomes of MCUs	367	(1)
Initiating and Sustaining MCUs	368	(1)
Future Opportunities	368	(5)
The Comprehensive Crisis Intervention Model of Community Integration, Inc. Crisis Services	373	(16)
Yvonne M. Eaton
Barb Ertl
Organizational Structure and Functions	373	(1)
Telephone Crisis Services	374	(3)
Walk-In Crisis Services	377	(1)
Mobile Crisis Services	378	(2)
Access to Crisis Residential Unit	380	(2)
Emergency Psychiatric Crisis Stabilization: Case Application	382	(2)
Critical Incident Stress Management	384	(5)
Crisis Intervention in the Hospital Emergency Room	389	(23)
Mary Boes
Virginia McDermott
Overview	392	(1)
Social Work Staffing	393	(1)
Incidence and Prevalence Estimates	394	(3)
Protocol for Crisis Intervention in the Emergency Room	397	(4)
Application of Roberts's Seven-Stage Crisis Intervention Model	401	(7)
Resilience and the Resolution of Crisis	408	(1)
Conclusion	409	(3)
A Model of Crisis Intervention in Critical and Intensive Care Units of General Hospitals	412	(18)
Norman M. Shulman
Amy L. Shewbert
Definition and Scope of Medical Crisis	413	(1)
Diagnostic Descriptors of Patients and Family	414	(2)
A Model of Comprehensive Care	416	(5)
Case Illustrations	421	(2)
Application of Roberts's Seven-Stage Crisis Intervention Model in Critical Care Areas	423	(2)
Clinical Considerations and Implications	425	(3)
Conclusion	428	(2)
Crisis Intervention With Culturally Diverse Families	430	(23)
Elaine P. Congress
Culturally Diverse Families	433	(1)
Strengths and Coping of Culturally Diverse Families	433	(1)
Crisis Precipitants for Culturally Diverse Families	434	(1)
Development and Use of the Culturagram	435	(3)
Demographics	438	(3)
Application of Roberts's Seven-Step Crisis Intervention Model	441	(5)
Conclusion and Implications for Future Study	446	(7)
Part V: Research
Research on Crisis Intervention and Recommendations for Future Research	453	(34)
Jacqueline Corcoran
Albert R. Roberts
Outcome Measures and Recommended Assessment Instruments	456	(2)
Research Literature on Crisis Intervention	458	(1)
Crime Victimization Studies	459	(6)
Suicide Prevention and Crisis Intervention Research	465	(2)
Research on Psychiatric Emergencies	467	(6)
Child Abuse Research	473	(14)
Designs and Procedures for Evaluating Crisis Intervention	487	(26)
Sophia F. Dziegielewski
Gerald T. Powers
The Importance of Integrating Research and Practice	488	(1)
The Role of the Practitioner in Empirical Practice	489	(1)
Macro- and Microanalyses in Crisis Intervention	490	(2)
Prerequisites to Effective Evaluation	492	(2)
Measuring Goals and Objectives	494	(4)
Using Measurement Instruments	498	(3)
Case-Related or Micro Designs in Crisis Intervention	501	(1)
Time-Series Designs	502	(4)
Summary and Conclusions	506	(7)
Glossary	513	(18)
Index	531