Critical Thinking And Communication: The Use Of Reason In Argument

by Inch, Edward S.; Warnick, Barbara

• ISBN13: 9780205453542
• ISBN10: 0205453546
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

Relating common theoretical models to true-to-life examples from law, ethics, education, and business, Inch and Warnick stress the importance of argumentation in everyday life as they build reader competence and critical awareness. Critical Thinking and Communicationencourages readers to develop skills in both constructing and refuting arguments. Through exercises and examples, readers learn how to create individual arguments, extend argument cases, and understand how arguments are designed and how to interpret them. The text allow readers to conceptualize argumentation in the larger framework of verbal and written interaction, from public speaking and debating to interpersonal, intercultural, and small group communication.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
SECTION I BUILDING A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK	1	(100)
Arguments, Argumentation, and Critical Thought	2	(28)
The Process of Critical Thought	5	(3)
Argumentation and Arguments	8	(4)
Argument Contexts	12	(12)
Summary	24	(1)
Exercises	25	(5)
How Arguments Work: Developing a Co-Orientation	30	(32)
Perspectives on Argumentation	32	(3)
Arguer-Based Approaches	35	(9)
Co-Orientational Approach	44	(10)
Summary	54	(2)
Exercises	56	(6)
Argument Analysis and Criticism	62	(39)
Benefits of Argument Analysis	63	(3)
An Approach for Analysis	66	(12)
Understanding Fallacies	78	(3)
Types of Fallacies	81	(14)
Summary	95	(1)
Exercises	96	(5)
SECTION II PARSING ARGUMENTS	101	(92)
Argument Claims and Propositions	102	(27)
The Nature of Claims and Propositions	104	(5)
Formulating A Proposition	109	(6)
Classification of Claims	115	(9)
Summary	124	(1)
Exercises	125	(4)
Evidence: The Foundation for Arguments	129	(33)
The Nature of Evidence	132	(1)
Types of Evidence	133	(3)
Evaluating Fact and Opinion Evidence	136	(5)
Evaluating Statistical Evidence	141	(2)
Presenting Evidence	143	(3)
Research Strategies for Locating Evidence	146	(10)
Summary	156	(1)
Exercises	157	(5)
Reasoning	162	(31)
Formal Logic and Practical Reasoning	165	(1)
Reasoning As Inference Making	166	(18)
Summary	184	(2)
Exercises	186	(7)
SECTION III ARGUING EXTENDED CASES	193	(82)
Arguing about Facts and Case Construction	194	(29)
Arguing About Facts, Values, and Policies	197	(2)
Relating Facts, Values, and Policies	199	(2)
Issue Mapping	201	(2)
Principles of Case Construction	203	(5)
Stock Issues in Fact-Based Cases	208	(3)
The Issues Brief	211	(3)
Principles of Refutation	214	(3)
Summary	217	(1)
Exercises	218	(5)
Arguing about Values	223	(22)
Values and Value Systems	225	(5)
The Process of Value Change	230	(1)
Values and Argumentation	231	(2)
Stock Issues for Value Arguments	233	(4)
The Issues Brief	237	(2)
Summary	239	(1)
Exercises	239	(6)
Arguing about Policies	245	(30)
Policy Arguments and Policy Systems	248	(2)
Stock Issues in Policy Arguments	250	(6)
The Issues Brief	256	(5)
Alternative Formats for Arguing Policies	261	(6)
Alternative Formats for Refuting Policy Arguments	267	(2)
Summary	269	(2)
Exercises	271	(4)
SECTION IV COMMUNICATING ARGUMENTS	275	(78)
Culture and Language	276	(36)
Culture and Argumentation	278	(10)
Language and Argumentation	288	(16)
Summary	304	(1)
Exercises	305	(7)
Arguers, Recipients, and Ethics	312	(41)
The Nature of Argument Recipients	314	(7)
The Audience and Argumentation	321	(7)
The Arguer and Argumentation	328	(6)
Ethics and Argumentation	334	(5)
Developing An Ethical Code	339	(2)
Summary	341	(3)
Exercises	344	(9)
Appendix A Intercollegiate Debate	353	(18)
Appendix B Answers to Selected Exercises	371	(10)
Index	381