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9780534557393

Cultural Anthropology With Infotrac

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780534557393

  • ISBN10:

    0534557392

  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2001-04-03
  • Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary

Build your own awareness of cultures around the world with CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY! Emphasizing the issues of gender, stratification, ethnicity, globalization, and the similarities and differences among all cultures, this anthropology text provides you with the tools you need to succeed. Take advantage of ThomsonNOW, which saves you time and enhances your performance in the course through Pre-Tests, Personalized Study Plans and Post-Test materials.

Table of Contents

Anthropology and Human Diversity
1(18)
Specialization in Anthropology
2(5)
Cultural Anthropology
2(1)
Linguistic Anthropology
3(1)
Archaeology
3(1)
Physical or Biological Anthropology
4(1)
Applied Anthropology
5(1)
Anthropology Makes a Difference
A Little History
6(1)
What We Learn from Anthropology: Understanding Human Differences
7(4)
Ethnocentrism
7(1)
Human Biological Diversity
8(3)
Anthropological Approaches to Culture
11(8)
Anthropology and Cultural Relativism
11(1)
Emic and Etic Approaches to Culture
11(1)
In the Field
Body Ritual Among the Nacirema
12(2)
Anthropology in a Changing World
14(1)
Globalization
Stone Age Tribes
15(1)
Summary
16(1)
Key Terms
17(1)
Suggested Readings
17(1)
Internet Resources
17(2)
Human Evolution
19(30)
Darwin and Natural Selection
20(3)
The Theory of Natural Selection
20(2)
Evolution, Politics, and Religion
22(1)
Humans and Our Nearest Relatives
23(4)
Our Shared Ancestor and Common Characteristics
23(1)
Primate Social Life
24(1)
Globalization
Disappearing Primates
25(1)
Tool Use Among Primates
26(1)
The Evolution of Humans
27(12)
Naming Names
27(1)
Cultural Focus
There's Evidence!
28(1)
The Earliest Human Ancestors
29(1)
The Australopithecines
30(2)
In the Field
Fossil Hunters
32(2)
Homo habilis and rudolfensis
34(1)
Homo erectus
35(2)
Homo sapiens
37(2)
Homo sapiens Culture
39(2)
Human Variation
41(8)
Anthropology Makes a Difference
Forensic Anthropology
42(4)
Summary
46(1)
Key Terms
47(1)
Suggested Readings
47(1)
Internet Resources
47(2)
Doing Cultural Anthropology
49(22)
Ethnography and Fieldwork
50(1)
Ethnography in Historical Perspective
51(9)
Globalization
Ethnographic Data in the Global Economy
53(1)
Changing Directions in Ethnography
53(2)
The Influence of Feminist Anthropology on Ethnography
55(1)
In the Field
An Ethnographic Field Study in India
56(4)
Special Problems in Contemporary Ethnography
60(5)
Studying One's Own Society
60(2)
Anthropology Makes a Difference
Anthropologists Study the Use of Illegal Drugs
62(1)
Ethical Considerations in Fieldwork
63(1)
New Roles for the Ethnographer
64(1)
Cross-Cultural Comparison
65(6)
Summary
67(1)
Key Terms
67(1)
Suggested Readings
68(1)
Internet Resources
69(2)
The Idea of Culture
71(22)
Defining Culture
72(1)
Culture Is the Way Human Beings Adapt to the World
73(2)
Culture Is the Way Humans Organize the World
75(3)
In the Field
Building a House in Northwestern Thailand
76(2)
Culture Is the Way Humans Give Meaning to Their Lives
78(3)
Anthropology Makes a Difference
Culture and HIV
80(1)
Culture Is an Integrated System---or Is It?
81(2)
Culture Is a Shared System of Norms and Values---or Is It?
83(4)
Globalization
Columbus
85(2)
Culture Is Constantly Changing
87(2)
Rethinking Culture
89(4)
Summary
90(1)
Key Terms
90(1)
Suggested Readings
91(1)
Internet Resources
91(2)
Language
93(30)
Origins and Development of Human Language
93(3)
Cultural Focus
Nonhuman Primate Communication
94(2)
Characteristics of Language
96(1)
Acquiring Language
97(3)
The Structure of Language
100(4)
Phonology
100(2)
Morphology
102(1)
Syntax
103(1)
Semantics: The Lexicon
103(1)
Language and Culture
104(10)
The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
104(1)
Globalization
Endangered Language
105(1)
Cultural Focus
Genderlects: Conversation Between Men and Women
106(2)
In the Field
The Indian and the Whiteman
108(1)
The Ethnography of Communication
108(2)
Language and Dialects
110(1)
Ebonics
111(2)
Anthropology Makes a Difference
Ebonics
113(1)
Nonverbal Communication
114(3)
Language Change
117(6)
Changing Sounds
117(1)
Changing Syntax
117(1)
Changing Lexicon
118(1)
Summary
119(1)
Key Terms
120(1)
Suggested Readings
120(1)
Internet Resources
121(2)
Learning Culture Throughout Life
123(22)
Becoming a Social Person
123(2)
Cross-Cultural Variation in Child Rearing
125(5)
Cultural Focus
Culture and Personality Studies: An Historical Perspective
126(2)
In the Field
Preschools in Japan, China, and the United States
128(2)
Coming of Age in Cross-Cultural Perspective
130(6)
Male Initiation Rituals
131(2)
Female Initiation
133(1)
College and Coming of Age in the United States
134(2)
Learning Culture in Adulthood
136(1)
Old Age
137(3)
Anthropology Makes a Difference
Medical Anthropology
138(2)
Death and Dying
140(5)
Summary
142(1)
Key Terms
143(1)
Suggested Readings
143(1)
Internet Resources
143(2)
Making a Living
145(24)
Human Adaptation and the Environment
145(3)
Globalization
Where's the Beef?
148(1)
Major Types of Subsistence Strategies
148(1)
Foraging
149(2)
Pastoralism
151(7)
In the Field
The Complex Strategy of Australian Foragers
152(2)
In the Field
The Yarahmadzai of Baluchistan: A Pastoral Adaptation
154(2)
In the Field
The Lua': Swidden Cultivators in Thailand
156(2)
Horticulture
158(1)
Agriculture
159(3)
In the Field
Musha: A Peasant Village in Upper Egypt
160(2)
Making a Living in the Industrial and Postindustrial Global Economy
162(7)
Taiwan: Transition to Industrialism in the Global Economy
163(1)
Anthropology Makes a Difference
A Successful Agricultural Intervention in Bolivia
164(1)
Characteristics of Industrial and Postindustrial Society
164(2)
Summary
166(1)
Key Terms
167(1)
Suggested Readings
167(1)
Internet Resources
167(2)
Economics
169(26)
Economic Systems
169(1)
Economic Behavior
170(1)
Production
171(7)
Allocating Resources
171(4)
Organizing Labor
175(3)
Distribution: Systems of Exchange
178(17)
Reciprocity
179(2)
Cultural Focus
The Kula Ring
181(1)
Redistribution
182(1)
Globalization
Redistribution Among Nations
183(2)
Market Exchange
185(2)
Anthropology Makes a Difference
Doing Business
187(1)
In the Field
Women and Labor in Urban Turkey
188(3)
Summary
191(1)
Key Terms
192(1)
Suggested Readings
192(1)
Internet Resources
193(2)
Marriage, Family, and Domestic Groups
195(24)
Functions of Marriage and the Family
195(1)
Marriage Rules
196(11)
Incest Taboos
196(2)
Exogamy
198(1)
Endogamy
199(1)
Preferential Marriage Rules
199(1)
The Levirate and the Sororate
200(1)
Number of Spouses
200(2)
In the Field
Polygyny: The Tiwi of North Australia
202(2)
Choosing a Mate
204(1)
Exchange of Rights and Goods at Marriage
204(3)
Families, Domestic Groups, and Rules of Residence
207(12)
The Nuclear Family and Neolocal Residence
208(2)
Anthropology Makes a Difference
Family Violence and the Cultural Defense
210(1)
Composite Families
211(1)
Extended Families
211(1)
Globalization
International Rights of Children
212(3)
Summary
215(1)
Key Terms
216(1)
Suggested Readings
216(1)
Internet Resources
217(2)
Kinship
219(22)
Kinship: Relationships Through Blood and Marriage
219(2)
Rules of Descent and the Formation of Descent Groups
221(1)
Globalization
Kinship and Transmigration
222(1)
Unilineal Descent Groups
222(7)
Patrilineal Descent Groups
223(1)
Matrilineal Descent Groups
224(2)
Cultural Focus
Rules and Realities: Conflict over Inheritance in a Korean Village
226(2)
Double Descent
228(1)
Nonunilineal Kinship Systems
229(1)
The Classification of Kin
230(11)
Principles for Classifying Kin
230(1)
Types of Kinship Terminologies
231(1)
In the Field
Kinship Classification Systems in Action: A Comparison Between North America and North India
232(5)
Summary
237(1)
Key Terms
237(1)
Suggested Readings
238(1)
Internet Resources
239(2)
Gender
241(22)
The Cultural Construction of Gender
242(2)
The Pioneering Work of Margaret Mead
242(1)
Alternative Sexes, Alternative Genders
243(1)
In the Field
The Hijras: An Alternative Gender Role in India
244(1)
Cultural Variation in Sexual Behavior
244(3)
Sexuality and the Cultural Construction of Gender
247(2)
The Construction of Masculinity in Spain
247(1)
Proving Manhood: A Cultural Universal?
248(1)
Gender Roles and the Status of Women
249(2)
Globalization
Female Circumcision: An International Human Rights Issue
250(1)
Gender Relations: Complex and Variable
251(12)
Challenging ``Man the Hunter''
252(1)
Women and the Distribution of Power in Foraging Societies
253(1)
Gender Relations in Horticultural Societies
254(2)
Anthropology Makes a Difference
Advocating for Women Workers in the Global Economy
256(1)
Economic Development and the Status of Women
256(2)
Technology and Gender Roles
258(1)
Summary
259(1)
Key Terms
259(1)
Suggested Readings
259(2)
Internet Resources
261(2)
Political Organization
263(24)
Social Differentiation
263(1)
Egalitarian Societies
263(1)
Rank Societies
264(1)
Stratified Societies
264(1)
Power and Social Control
264(3)
Legitimate and Illegitimate Power
264(1)
Formal and Informal Sources of Power
265(1)
Law: Social Control and Conflict Management
266(1)
Types of Political Organization
267(1)
Band Societies
267(2)
Leadership
268(1)
Social Control and Conflict Resolution
268(1)
Tribal Societies
269(7)
Political Integration in Tribes
270(1)
Leadership
271(1)
Anthropology Makes a Difference
Alternative Forms of Conflict Resolution
272(1)
Social Control and Conflict Resolution
273(1)
Warfare in Tribal Societies
274(2)
Chiefdoms
276(2)
Leadership
276(1)
Social Control and Conflict Resolution
277(1)
State Societies
278(9)
The Rise of State Societies
278(1)
In the Field
Wealth and Power in the Precolonial Asante State
279(3)
Centralized Government
282(1)
Globalization
Globalization and State Sovereignty
283(1)
The State and Social Stratification
283(1)
Summary
284(1)
Key Terms
285(1)
Suggested Readings
285(1)
Internet Resources
285(2)
Social Stratification in Contemporary Societies: Class, Caste, and Race
287(22)
Explaining Social Stratification
287(2)
Criteria of Stratification: Power, Wealth, and Prestige
289(1)
Ascription and Achievement
290(1)
Social Class in the United States
291(2)
Globalization
A Touch of Class, Global Style
292(1)
Caste
293(5)
The Caste System in India
293(1)
In the Field
Downward Mobility Among the Middle Class in the United States
294(2)
The Dynamics of Caste
296(1)
Changes in the Caste System
297(1)
Stratification and Race
298(11)
Racial Stratification in the United States
299(1)
``Racial'' Minorities and School Achievement
300(1)
Racial Stratification Systems: A Comparison of the United States and Brazil
301(3)
Anthropology Makes a Difference
Anthropologists Take a Stand Against Racism
304(1)
Summary
305(1)
Key Terms
306(1)
Suggested Readings
306(1)
Internet Resources
307(2)
Ethnicity
309(26)
Perspectives on Ethnicity
309(3)
An Essentialist Perspective
309(1)
A Constructionist Perspective
310(1)
Constructed Ethnicity in the Sudan
311(1)
Ethnicity and the Nation-State
312(4)
How the Nation-State Shapes Ethnicity
313(1)
The Nation-State and Ethnic Conflict
314(1)
Ethnic Violence in Yugoslavia
314(2)
Globalization
Refugees and Political Asylum: A Global Problem
316(1)
Nation-States and Indigenous Peoples
316(5)
The Imposition of Western Law
318(1)
Saami Reindeer Herders and the Nation-State
319(2)
Cultural Diversity and Ethnicity in the United States
321(14)
Anthropology Makes a Difference
Anthropologists as Advocates for Indigenous Peoples
322(2)
Ethnicity and Immigration
324(1)
The American Discourse on Immigration
325(1)
Models of Cultural Diversity
326(2)
In the Field
The New Chinese Immigrants in San Francisco
328(3)
Summary
331(1)
Key Terms
331(1)
Suggested Readings
331(2)
Internet Resources
333(2)
Religion
335(30)
What Religion Does in Society
336(3)
Searching for Order and Meaning
336(1)
Cultural Focus
Religion and Ecology
337(1)
Reducing Anxiety and Increasing Control
338(1)
Reinforcing or Modifying the Social Order
339(1)
Characteristics of Religion
339(9)
Sacred Narratives and Symbols
339(1)
Globalization
A Mosaic of Religions
340(1)
The World of Spirits and Sacred Powers
341(2)
Cultural Focus
Aztec Human Sacrifice
343(1)
Religious Rituals
343(3)
Means of Addressing the Supernatural
346(2)
Religious Practitioners
348(4)
Shamans
348(1)
Anthropology Makes a Difference
Preserving Shamanism
349(2)
Priests
351(1)
Witchcraft and Sorcery
352(2)
What Are Withchcraft and Sorcery?
352(1)
Accusations of Witchcraft or Sorcery
353(1)
Modern Witches, Wiccans, and Neopagans
354(1)
Religion and Change
354(11)
Religion and Resistance
354(1)
Religious Nativism and Vitalism
355(1)
In the Field
The Rastafari: Religion and Resistance to Domination
356(2)
Religious Change in Native North America
358(3)
Summary
361(1)
Key Terms
362(1)
Suggested Readings
362(1)
Internet Resources
363(2)
The Arts: Expressing Cultural Identities
365(20)
Anthropological Perspectives on Art
365(5)
The Artist in Society
366(2)
Anthropology Makes a Difference
Managing Native American Cultural Resources
368(2)
Artistic Styles
370(1)
Some Functions of Art
370(5)
Art in Ritual: Controlling the Environment
370(1)
Globalization
The World Beat of Music
371(1)
Art and the Display of Cultural Themes
372(1)
The Integrative Function of the Arts
373(1)
Cultural Identity: Art, Power, and the Making of History
373(2)
Deep Play as a Form of Art
375(1)
The Balinese Cockfight
375(1)
Representing the Other in Art
376(3)
Orientalism in European Art: Picturing the Middle East
376(2)
Representing Europeans: Performing the Conquest in Latin America
378(1)
Marketing Cultural Identities Through the Arts
379(6)
In the Field
The Arts, Tourism, and Cultural Identity Among the Toraja
380(2)
Summary
382(1)
Key Terms
383(1)
Suggested Readings
383(1)
Internet Resources
383(2)
Cultural Change
385(27)
The World in 1400
386(1)
European Expansion: Motives and Methods
387(4)
Pillage
387(1)
Cultural Focus
Why the Natives Died: Diseases in European Expansion
388(1)
Forced Labor
389(1)
Joint Stock Companies
390(1)
The Era of Colonialism
391(6)
Colonizing the Americas
392(1)
Colonizing in the Nineteenth Century
392(1)
Making Colonialism Pay
393(1)
In the Field
African Soldiers of Misfortune
394(2)
Colonialism and Anthroplogy
396(1)
Independence and Development
397(15)
In the Field
Cargo Cults in Melanesia
398(2)
Development
400(1)
Multinational Corporations
401(1)
Anthropology Makes a Difference
Development Anthropology
402(1)
Urbanization
403(2)
Globalization
The New 100-Percent American
405(1)
Population Pressure
406(1)
Instability
407(2)
Summary
409(1)
Key Terms
410(1)
Suggested Readings
410(1)
Internet Resources
411(1)
Appendix A Brief Guide to Anthropological Theory 412(7)
Glossary 419(8)
References 427(13)
Index 440

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