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9780262572392

Current Controversies in the Biological Sciences

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780262572392

  • ISBN10:

    0262572397

  • Edition: 1st
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2007-04-01
  • Publisher: Mit Pr

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Summary

In recent years, advances in biological science and technology have outpaced policymakers' attempts to deal with them. Current Controversies in the Biological Sciencesexamines the ways in which the federal government uses scientific information in reaching policy decisions, providing case studies of the interactions between science and government on different biomedical, biological, and environmental issues. These case studies document a broad range of complex issues in science policy-from the Human Genome Project to tobacco regulation-and provide an accessible overview of both the science behind the issues and the policy-making process. The cases illustrate the different ways in which science and politics intersect in policy decisions, as well as the different forms policy itself may take-including not only regulatory action but the lack of regulation. Among the topics examined are public and private research funding, as seen in gene patenting; reluctance to regulate even when a product has been proven unhealthy, as in the case of tobacco; a comparison of U.S. and international policy responses to genetically modified organisms; and the competing interests at play in air pollution policy. Each chapter includes shorter side essays on related topics (for example, essays on issues raised by the SARS epidemic accompany the detailed case study of the public health response to the anthrax-laced mail received in the weeks after 9/11). This clear and readable introduction to controversial issues in the biological sciences will be a valuable resource for students of science policy and bioethics and for professionals in industry, government, and nongovernmental organizations who need background on emerging issues in the biological sciences.

Author Biography

Karen F. Greif is Professor of Biology at Bryn Mawr College Jon F. Merz is Associate Professor in the Department of Medical Ethics at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

Table of Contents

Series Forewordp. ix
Prefacep. xi
Acknowledgmentsp. xiii
An Uneasy Balance: Science Advising and the Politicization of Sciencep. 1
Big Science: The Human Genome Project and the Public Funding of Sciencep. 17
Funding Biomedical Research: Peer Review versus Pork Barrelp. 35
Choosing Research Directions: Advocacy, the "Disease-of-the-Month," and Congressional Oversightp. 43
Who Owns the Genome? The Patenting of Human Genesp. 49
Who Owns Life? Mr. Moore's Spleenp. 65
The Canavan Disease Patent Casep. 69
Manufacturing Children: Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Self-Regulation by Scientists and Cliniciansp. 77
Brave New World Revisited: Human Cloning and Stem Cellsp. 101
The Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA: A Model for Self-Regulation?p. 111
Protecting the Public: The FDA and New AIDS Drugsp. 117
Seminal Events: The Evolution of Regulations for Researchp. 137
Placebo Controls in Clinical Researchp. 143
Cosmetic Science: Breast Implants and the Courtsp. 149
Setting Limits on Expert Testimony: Bendectin and Birth Defectsp. 169
DNA Forensics in Criminal Trials: How New Science Becomes Admissiblep. 177
Selling Science: New Cancer Treatments and the Mediap. 183
Responsible Journalism: Are There Health Risks from Electromagnetic Fields?p. 197
Concealing Evidence: Science, Big Business, and the Tobacco Industryp. 205
The Academic-Industrial Complex and Conflict of Interestp. 223
The Darker Side of Science: Scientific Misconductp. 229
Science in the National Interest: Bioterrorism and Civil Libertiesp. 235
Emerging Diseases: SARS and Government Responsesp. 255
Limiting Research in an Age of Bioterrorismp. 261
Science Misunderstood: Genetically Modified Organisms and International Tradep. 267
Mad Cow Disease, International Trade, and the Loss of Public Trustp. 289
Dangers in the Environment: Air Pollution Policyp. 299
Environmental Poisoning: Mitigating Lead Exposurep. 317
Can We Ever Be Safe? Risk and Risk Assessmentp. 323
Who Lives and Who Dies? Organ Transplantationp. 329
Animals as Organ Factories: Xenotransplantationp. 351
Is There a Right to Die?p. 357
Concluding Remarks: The Challenges of Science Policyp. 367
Indexp. 373
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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