Delmar's Standard Textbook of Electricity

by Herman

• ISBN13: 9780827385504
• ISBN10: 0827385501
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1998-10-20
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

This exciting full-color book is the most comprehensive text book on DC/AC circuits and machines for electrical students on the market today. It provides complete coverage of concepts relating to electrical theory, as well as giving practical "how-to" examples of many of the common tasks that electricians must perform. The book has been organized so that all relevant information is located within a given chapter, making it easy to access and easy to teach topics in any order. With its visually appealing, easy-to-understand coverage of alternating current theory, and expanded coverage of topics such as transformers and electrical filters, Delmar's Standard Textbook of Electricity, 2E continues to set the standard in DC/AC circuits and machines.ALSO AVAILABLELab Volt Lab Manual, ISBN: 0-8273-8552-8Standard Lab Manual, ISBN: 0-8273-8554-4INSTRUCTOR SUPPLEMENTS CALL CUSTOMER SUPPORT TO ORDERInstructor's Guide, ISBN: 0-8273-8551-XLab Volt Solutions Manual, ISBN: 0-8273-8553-6Transparency Masters, ISBN: 0-8273-8556-0

Table of Contents

Preface
A Note About Calculations
Acknowledgements
section 1 basic electricity and ohm's law	2	(112)
Unit 1 Atomic Structure	2	(25)
Early History of Electricity	2	(2)
Atoms	4	(3)
The Law of Charges	7	(2)
Centrifugal Force	9	(1)
Electron Orbits	10	(2)
Valence Electrons	12	(1)
Electron Flow	13	(3)
Insulators	16	(1)
Semiconductors	16	(2)
Molecules	18	(1)
Methods of Producing Electricity	19	(1)
Electrical Effects	20	(7)
Unit 2 Electrical Quantities and Ohm's Law	27	(28)
The Coulomb	27	(1)
The Amp	27	(1)
The Electron Theory	28	(1)
The Conventional Current Theory	28	(1)
Speed of Current	29	(3)
Basic Electrical Circuits	32	(4)
The Volt	36	(1)
The Ohm	37	(1)
The Watt	38	(2)
Other Measures of Power	40	(2)
Ohm's Law	42	(5)
Metric Units	47	(8)
Unit 3 Static Electricity	55	(17)
Static Electricity	55	(1)
Charging an object	56	(1)
The Electroscope	57	(3)
Static Electricity in Nature	60	(3)
Nuisance Static Charges	63	(1)
Useful Static Charges	64	(8)
Unit 4 Magnetism	72	(20)
The Earth Is a Magnet	72	(2)
Permanent Magnets	74	(1)
The Electron Theory of Magnetism	74	(2)
Magnetic Materials	76	(1)
Magnetic Lines of Force	77	(1)
Electromagnetics	78	(4)
Magnetic Measurement	82	(2)
Magnetic Polarity	84	(1)
Demagnetizing	84	(1)
Magnetic Devices	85	(7)
Unit 5 Resistors	92	(22)
Uses of Resistors	92	(2)
Fixed Resistors	94	(4)
Color Code	98	(5)
Standard Resistance Values of Fixed Resistors	103	(2)
Power Ratings	105	(1)
Variable Resistors	106	(2)
Schematic Symbols	108	(6)
section 2 basic electrical circuits	114	(112)
Unit 6 Series Circuits	114	(28)
Series Circuits	114	(1)
Voltage Drops in a Series Circuit	115	(2)
Resistance in a Series Circuit	117	(1)
Calculating Series Circuit Values	117	(2)
Solving Circuits	119	(14)
Voltage Dividers	133	(1)
The General Voltage Divider Formula	134	(2)
Voltage Polarity	136	(1)
Using Ground As a Reference	136	(6)
Unit 7 Parallel Circuits	142	(28)
Parallel Circuit Values	142	(4)
Parallel Resistance Formulas	146	(24)
Unit 8 Combination Circuits	170	(56)
Combination Circuits	170	(1)
Solving Combination Circuits	171	(1)
Simplifying the Circuit	172	(54)
section 3 meters and wire sizes	226	(92)
Unit 9 Measuring Instruments	226	(60)
Analog Meters	226	(5)
The Voltmeter	231	(1)
Multirange Voltmeters	232	(3)
Reading a Meter	235	(3)
The Ammeter	238	(1)
Ammeter Shunts	239	(2)
Multirange Ammeters	241	(1)
The Ayrton Shunt	242	(5)
AC Ammeters	247	(3)
Clamp-on Ammeters	250	(4)
DC-AC Clamp-on Ammeters	254	(1)
The Ohmmeter	255	(4)
Shunt Type Ohmmeter	259	(1)
Dlgital Meters	260	(4)
The Low-Impedance Voltage Tester	264	(1)
The Oscilloscope	265	(10)
The Wattmeter	275	(2)
Recording Meters	277	(1)
Bridge Circuits	278	(8)
Unit 10 Using Wire Tables and Determining Conductor Sizes	286	(32)
Using the National Electrical Code(R) Charts	286	(1)
Factors That Determine Ampacity	287	(4)
Correction Factors	291	(3)
Computing Conductor Sizes and Resistance	294	(11)
Computing Voltage Drop	305	(1)
Parallel Conductors	306	(3)
Testing Wire Installations	309	(9)
section 4 small sources of electricity	318	(76)
Unit 11 Conduction in Liquid and Gases	318	(17)
The Ionization Process: Magnesium and Chlorine	318	(3)
Other Types of Ions	321	(1)
Electroplating	322	(1)
Electrolysis	323	(1)
Conduction in Gases	324	(5)
Ionization in Nature	329	(6)
Unit 12 Batteries and Other Sources of Electricity	335	(33)
History of the Battery	335	(1)
Cells	336	(1)
Cell Voltage	337	(2)
Primary Cells	339	(8)
Secondary Cells: Lead-Acid Batteries	347	(6)
Other Secondary Cells	353	(2)
Series and Parallel Battery Connections	355	(2)
Other Small Sources of Electricity	357	(11)
Unit 13 Magnetic Induction	368	(26)
Magnetic Induction	368	(2)
Fleming's Left-Hand Generator Rule	370	(2)
Moving Magnetic Fields	372	(1)
Determining the Amount of Induced Voltage	373	(1)
Lenz's Law	374	(3)
Rise Time of Current in an Inductor	377	(2)
The Exponential Curve	379	(1)
Inductance	380	(2)
R-L Time Constants	382	(1)
Induced Voltage Spikes	383	(11)
section 5 basics of alternating current	394	(40)
Unit 14 Basic Trigonometry	394	(16)
Right Triangles	394	(2)
The Pythagorean Theorem	396	(1)
Sines, Cosines, and Tangents	397	(5)
Formulas	402	(1)
Practical Application	402	(8)
Unit 15 Alternating Current	410	(24)
Advantages of Alternating Current	410	(1)
AC Wave Forms	411	(5)
Sine Wave Values	417	(8)
Resistive Loads	425	(1)
Power in an AC Circuit	426	(1)
Skin Effect in AC Circuits	426	(8)
section 6 alternating current circuits containing inductance	434	(80)
Unit 16 Inductance in Alternating Current Circuits	434	(22)
Inductance	434	(3)
Inductive Reactance	437	(4)
Schematic Symbols	441	(1)
Inductors Connected in Series	442	(1)
Inductors Connected in Parallel	443	(2)
Voltage and Current Relationships in an Inductive Circuit	445	(1)
Power in an Inductive Circuit	446	(1)
Reactive Power	447	(1)
Q of an Inductor	447	(9)
Unit 17 Resistive-Inductive Series Circuits	456	(36)
R-L Series Circuits	456	(2)
Impedance	458	(1)
Vectors	459	(8)
Total Current	467	(1)
Voltage Drop across the Resistor	468	(1)
Watts	469	(1)
Computing the Inductance	470	(1)
Voltage Drop across the Inductor	470	(1)
Total Voltage	470	(3)
Computing the Reactive Power	473	(1)
Computing the Apparent Power	473	(2)
Power Factor	475	(1)
Angle Theta	476	(16)
Unit 18 Resistive-Inductive Parallel Circuits	492	(225)
Resistive-Inductive Parallel Circuits	492	(1)
Computing Circuit Values	492	(22)
section 7 alternating current circuits containing capacitance	514	(98)
Unit 19 Capacitors	514	(36)
Capacitors	514	(3)
Electrostatic Charge	517	(4)
Dielectric Constants	521	(1)
Capacitor Ratings	521	(2)
Capacitors Connected in Parallel	523	(1)
Capacitors Connected in Series	524	(1)
Capacitive Charge and Discharge Rates	525	(2)
RC Time Constants	527	(1)
Applications for Capacitors	528	(1)
Nonpolarized Capacitors	528	(4)
Polarized Capacitors	532	(3)
Variable Capacitors	535	(1)
Capacitor Markings	536	(3)
Temperature Coefficients	539	(1)
Ceramic Capacitors	539	(1)
Dipped Tantalum Capacitors	539	(1)
Film Capacitors	539	(1)
Testing Capacitors	539	(11)
Unit 20 Capacitance in Alternating Current Circuits	550	(24)
Connecting the Capacitor into an AC Circuit	550	(1)
Capacitive Reactance	551	(2)
Computing Capacitance	553	(1)
Voltage and Current Relationships in a Pure Capacitive Circuit	553	(3)
Power in a Pure Capacitive Circuit	556	(1)
Quality (Q) of a Capacitor	557	(1)
Capacitor Voltage Rating	557	(1)
Effects of Frequency in a Capacitive Circuit	558	(2)
Series Capacitors	560	(4)
Parallel Capacitors	564	(10)
Unit 21 Resistive-Capacitive Series Circuits	574	(20)
Resistive-Capacitive Series Circuits	574	(1)
Impedance	575	(2)
Total Current	577	(1)
Voltage Drop across the Resistor	577	(1)
True Power	577	(1)
Capacitance	578	(1)
Voltage Drop across the Capacitor	578	(1)
Total Voltage	578	(1)
Reactive Power	579	(1)
Apparent Power	580	(1)
Power Factor	580	(1)
Angle Theta	581	(13)
Unit 22 Resistive-Capacitive Parallel Circuits	594	(18)
Operation of RC Parallel Circuits	594	(1)
Computing Circuit Values	594	(18)
section 8 alternating current circuits containing resistance-inductance-capacitance	612	(68)
Unit 23 Resistive-Inductive-Capacitive Series Circuits	612	(24)
RLC Series Circuits	612	(12)
Series Resonant Circuits	624	(12)
Unit 24 Resistive-Inductive-Capacitive Parallel Circuits	636	(27)
RLC Parallel Circuits	636	(10)
Parallel Resonant Circuits	646	(17)
Unit 25 Filters	663	(17)
Broad-Band Tuning	663	(1)
Low-Pass Filters	664	(3)
High-Pass Filters	667	(2)
Bandpass Filters	669	(2)
Band-Rejection (Notch) Filters	671	(2)
T Filters	673	(1)
PI Type Filters	674	(1)
Crossover Networks	674	(6)
section 9 three-phase power	680	(30)
Unit 26 Three-Phase Circuits	680	(30)
Three-Phase Circuits	680	(2)
Wye Connections	682	(3)
Delta Connections	685	(3)
Three-Phase Power	688	(1)
Watts and VARs	688	(1)
Three-Phase Circuit Calculations	689	(9)
Load 3 Calculations	698	(1)
Load 2 Calculations	698	(1)
Load 1 Calculations	699	(1)
Alternator Calculations	700	(1)
Power Factor Correction	701	(9)
section 10 transformers	710	(95)
Unit 27 Single-Phase Transformers	710	(51)
Single-Phase Transformers	710	(2)
Isolation Transformers	712	(27)
Autotransformers	739	(3)
Transformer Polarities	742	(5)
Voltage and Current Relationships in a Transformer	747	(2)
Testing the Transformer	749	(1)
Transformer Ratings	750	(1)
Determining Maximum Current	750	(1)
Transformer Impedance	751	(10)
Unit 28 Three-Phase Transformers	761	(44)
Three-Phase Transformers	761	(4)
Closing a Delta	765	(1)
Three-Phase Transformer Calculations	766	(6)
Open Delta Connection	772	(2)
Single-Phase Loads	774	(4)
Closed Delta with Center Tap	778	(1)
Closed Delta without Center Tap	779	(1)
Delta-Wye Connection with Neutral	780	(1)
T-connected Transformers	781	(3)
Scott Connection	784	(1)
Zig-Zag Connection	784	(2)
Harmonics	786	(19)
section 11 direct current machines	805	(81)
Unit 29 Direct Current Generators	805	(41)
What is a Generator?	805	(7)
Armature Windings	812	(4)
Brushes	816	(1)
Pole Pieces	816	(1)
Field Windings	817	(2)
Series Generators	819	(3)
Shunt Generators	822	(5)
Compound Generators	827	(1)
Compounding	828	(3)
Countertorque	831	(1)
Armature Reaction	832	(4)
Setting the Neutral Plane	836	(1)
Paralleling Generators	836	(10)
Unit 30 Direct Current Motors	846	(40)
DC Motor Principles	846	(3)
Shunt Motors	849	(4)
Series Motors	853	(2)
Compound Motors	855	(2)
Terminal Identification for DC Motors	857	(1)
Determining the Direction of Rotation of a DC Motor	858	(3)
Speed Control	861	(2)
The Field Loss Relay	863	(2)
Horsepower	865	(2)
Brushless DC Motors	867	(3)
Converters	870	(1)
Permanent Magnet Motors	870	(9)
The Right-Hand Motor Rule	879	(7)
section 12 alternating current machines	886	(129)
Unit 31 Three-Phase Alternators	886	(20)
Three-Phase Alternators	886	(3)
The Rotor	889	(1)
The Brushless Exciter	890	(3)
Alternator Cooling	893	(1)
Frequency	894	(1)
Output Voltage	895	(1)
Paralleling Alternators	896	(3)
Sharing the Load	899	(1)
Field Discharge Protection	899	(7)
Unit 32 Three-Phase Motors	906	(56)
Three-Phase Motors	906	(1)
The Rotating Magnetic Field	907	(11)
Connecting Dual-Voltage Three-Phase Motors	918	(6)
Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors	924	(16)
Wound Rotor Induction Motors	940	(4)
Synchronous Motors	944	(7)
Selsyn Motors	951	(11)
Unit 33 Single-Phase Motors	962	(53)
Single-Phase Motors	962	(1)
Split-Phase Motors	963	(3)
Resistance-Start Induction-Run Motors	966	(8)
Capacitor-Start Induction-Run Motors	974	(1)
Dual-Voltage Split-Phase Motors	975	(4)
Determining the Direction of Rotation for Split-Phase Motors	979	(1)
Capacitor-Start Capacitor-Run Motors	980	(3)
Shaded-Pole Induction Motors	983	(4)
Multispeed Motors	987	(2)
Repulsion Type Motors	989	(1)
Construction of Repulsion Motors	989	(3)
Repulsion-Start Induction-Run Motors	992	(3)
Repulsion-Induction Motors	995	(1)
Single-Phase Synchronous Motors	996	(3)
Stepping Motors	999	(7)
Universal Motors	1006	(9)
Appendix A Trigonometric Functions-Natural Sines and Cosines	1015	(2)
Appendix B Trigonometric Functions-Natural Tangents and Cotangents	1017	(2)
Appendix C Identifying the Leads of a Three-Phase Wye-Connected, Dual-Voltage Motor	1019	(5)
Appendix D Alternating Current Formulas	1024	(13)
Appendix E Greek Alphabet	1037	(1)
Appendix F Metals	1038	(2)
Appendix G Scientific Notation	1040	(4)
Appendix H Answers to Practice Problems	1044	(17)
Glossary	1061	(12)
Index	1073