Developing Readers and Writers in the Content Areas K-12,9780801318566

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Developing Readers and Writers in the Content Areas K-12

by Moore, David W.; Moore, Sharon Arthur; Cunningham, Patricia M.; Cunningham, James W.

Edition:

3rd

ISBN13:

9780801318566

ISBN10:

0801318564

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

9/1/1997

Publisher(s):

Pearson College Div

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Summary

Introducing prospective and practicing teachers to K-12 content reading strategies, the text provides a defined theoretical rationale (Part 1) as well as grade-specific teacher journals to show how the theories function/operate in real classrooms (Part II). Includes specific applications for six content areas: English/Language Arts, Second Language, Science, Social Studies, Math, and Activity Classrooms (Chs. 4-7), as well as end-of-chapter applications. Two new chapters on Studying and Student Inquiry (Chs. 7, 8). New treatment on how classroom settings influence literacy development, cyclical instruction, interdisciplinary units, and classroom grouping practices. Integrated coverage of reading and writing- literacy. Updated coverage of trade books, computer technology and multicultural literacy to reflect current trends. Book-specific website offers teaching strategies, activities, and exercises.

Preface

xiii

PART I Developing Readers and Writers...

(306)

Chapter 1 Content Area Reading and Writing

(28)

Looking Ahead

(2)

Compelling Reasons Support Content Area Literacy Instruction

(4)

Reading and Writing Are Tools for Learning

(1)

Literacy Requirements Continually Increase in School and Society

(1)

Content Teachers Can Teach Content Area Reading and Writing Best

(2)

Do It Together

(1)

Thinking Underlies Reading, Writing, and Learning

(7)

Call Up

(1)

Connect

(1)

Predict

(1)

Organize

(1)

Generalize

(1)

Image

(1)

Self-Monitor

(1)

Evaluate

(1)

Apply

(1)

Thinking Is Complex

(2)

Listen Look and Learn

(1)

Classroom Settings Influence Literacy Development

(7)

Literacy Engagement

(1)

Meaningfulness

(2)

Active Participation

(1)

Academic Challenge and Support

(2)

Social Support

(1)

Listen Look and Learn

(1)

Instruction Occurs in Cycles

(4)

Cycles of Instruction

(3)

Fading

(1)

Looking Back

(1)

Add to Your Journal

(1)

References

(2)

Additional Readings

(1)

chapter 2 Instructional Units and Classroom Organization

(34)

Looking Ahead

(1)

Integrated Units Combine Numerous Aspects of Instruction

(3)

Listen Look and Learn

(1)

Planning Integrated Units Involves Many Decisions

(3)

Establishing the Focus of the Unit

(3)

Do It Together

(8)

Establishing General Unit Objectives

(1)

Brainstorming Resources and Procedures

(2)

Gathering Resources

(1)

Designing Instructional Procedures

(2)

Planning Evaluation

(2)

Scheduling Unit Events

(1)

Try It Out

(1)

Interdisciplinarity Is a Special Feature of Integrated Units

(8)

Try It Out

(1)

Literacy Activities Are Linked to Classroom Grouping Practices

(5)

Whole Class

(2)

Small Group

(1)

Individual

(2)

Listen Look and Learn

(1)

Looking Back

(1)

Add to Your Journal

(1)

References

(1)

Additional Readings

(3)

chapter 3 Reading Materials, Reports, and Responses

(38)

Looking Ahead

(1)

Students Deserve a Variety of Content Area Reading Materials

(5)

Depth of Information

(2)

Motivation to Read

(1)

Distinctive Points of View

(1)

Recency of Information

(1)

Materials That Fit Reading Competencies

(1)

Sense of Ownership

(1)

Opportunities for a Range of Thinking

(1)

Listen Look and Learn

(1)

A Variety of Content Area Reading Materials Are Available

(13)

Reference Materials

(1)

Periodicals

(1)

Computer Technology

(3)

Trade Books

(3)

Textbooks

(3)

Multicultural Literature

(2)

Do It Together

(1)

Report and Response Projects Take Many Forms

(4)

Visuals

(1)

Concrete Objects

(1)

Dramatizations

(1)

Try It Out

(7)

Prompting Oral and Written Reactions

(7)

Looking Back

(1)

Add to Your Journal

(1)

References

(4)

Additional Readings

100

(3)

chapter 4 Comprehension

103

(48)

Looking Ahead

103

(2)

Materials Require Different Levels of Scaffolding to Support Student Comprehension

105

(1)

Do It Together

106

(3)

Comprehension Follow-Up

107

(1)

Study Guides

108

(1)

Listen Look and Learn

109

(2)

Content Comprehension Lessons

111

(1)

Planning a Content Comprehension Lesson Includes Deciding on Clear Learning Purposes, Background Knowledge, and Motivation

111

(6)

Choosing What to Use as Material for Content Comprehension Lessons

111

(1)

Determining What You Want Everyone to Learn

112

(1)

Motivating Students to Read

113

(2)

Designing a Group Task that Clearly Communicates a Purpose

115

(1)

Building Background Knowledge

116

(1)

Content Comprehension Lessons Support Students Through the Before, During, and After Phases of Reading

117

(4)

Before Reading (Or Listening or Viewing)

117

(2)

Reading (Or Listening or Viewing)

119

(1)

After Reading (Or Listening or Viewing)

120

(1)

There Are Many Variations Within the Content Comprehension Lesson Framework

121

(3)

Lessons Using Graphic Organizers

121

(3)

Try It Out

124

(9)

Lessons Using Prediction

125

(4)

Lessons That Lead Students to Generalize, Evaluate, Image, and Apply

129

(4)

Do It Together

133

(1)

Students Become Independent Comprehenders when Teachers Gradually Fade Their Scaffolding and Turn Over Responsibility to Students

133

(4)

Fading

134

(1)

Self-Assessment

135

(2)

Specific Content Area Applications

137

(1)

Comprehension in the English Language Arts Classroom

137

(2)

Introducing the Novel Before Reading

137

(1)

Guiding the Reading

138

(1)

Culminating the Novel After Reading

139

(1)

Comprehension in Second-Language Classrooms

139

(2)

Reading Materials

139

(1)

Read-aloud Sessions

140

(1)

Response Sketches

140

(1)

Fluency

140

(1)

Social Support

141

(1)

Comprehension in the Mathematics Classroom

141

(2)

Comprehending Word Problems

142

(1)

Comprehension of Text Explanations and Directions

143

(1)

Comprehension in the Science Classroom

143

(2)

Graphic Organizers

143

(1)

Anticipation Guides

144

(1)

Critical Thinking

145

(1)

Comprehension in the Social Studies Classroom

145

(2)

Graphic Organizers

145

(1)

KWLs

146

(1)

Critical Thinking

147

(1)

Comprehension in the "Activity" Classroom

147

(1)

Looking Back

148

(1)

Add to Your Journal

149

(1)

References

149

(1)

Additional Readings

149

(2)

chapter 5 Meaning Vocabulary

151

(43)

Looking Ahead

151

(1)

There Are Many Aspects of Vocabulary Knowledge

152

(3)

Words Are Learned Through Direct and Visual Experience and by Making Connections

155

(1)

Try It Out

156

(1)

Effective Teachers Are Selective About Which Words They Teach

157

(1)

Try It Out

158

(1)

There Is Great Variety in the Strategies You Can Use to Teach Vocabulary

159

(11)

The Real Thing

159

(2)

Skits

161

(1)

A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words

162

(2)

Scavenger Hunts

164

(2)

Creating Analogies

166

(1)

Capsule Vocabulary

167

(1)

Word Boards

167

(1)

Word Books

167

(1)

Context Power

168

(2)

Polysyllabic Words Require Special Attention and Strategies

170

(4)

Word Detectives

171

(3)

Do It Together

174

(1)

Students Become Independent Learners of Words when Teachers Encourage Student Responsibility, Reflection, and Self-Assessment

174

(4)

Model Word Wonder

174

(1)

Let Students Select the Words to Be Learned

175

(1)

Let Students Plan a Lesson to Teach the Words

175

(1)

Move Students Toward Independence in the Lessons You Teach

176

(1)

Teach Students How People Really Use the Dictionary

176

(1)

Help Students Develop Self-Assessment Strategies

177

(1)

Listen Look and Learn

178

(1)

Specific Content Area Applications

179

(1)

Vocabulary in the English Language Arts Classroom

179

(1)

Single Passages

179

(1)

Multiple Passages

180

(1)

Vocabulary in Second-Language Classrooms

180

(3)

Scavenger Hunts

181

(1)

Capsule Vocabulary

181

(1)

Using Cognates

182

(1)

Vocabulary in the Mathematics Classroom

183

(2)

A Symbol Board

183

(1)

Math Morphemes

183

(1)

Multimeaning Luck

184

(1)

Vocabulary in the Science Classroom

185

(1)

Could You Say That in English?

185

(1)

Science Morphemes

186

(1)

Vocabulary in the Social Studies Classroom

186

(2)

Fighting Words

186

(1)

Social Studies Morphemes

187

(1)

Acronym Board

188

(1)

Vocabulary in the "Activity" Classroom

188

(2)

Multimeaning Luck

188

(2)

Word Symbol Picture Board

190

(1)

Word Detectives

190

(1)

Looking Back

190

(1)

Add to Your Journal

191

(1)

References

191

(1)

Additional Readings

191

(3)

chapter 6 Writing

194

(45)

Looking Ahead

194

(2)

Informal Writing Experiences Promote Student Thinking and Learning

196

(4)

Quick Writes

197

(1)

Content Journals

198

(2)

Try It Out

200

(1)

Planning a Writing Lesson Includes Deciding on Clear Writing Tasks, Background Knowledge, and Motivation

200

(7)

Deciding What You Want Students to Think About as They Write

201

(1)

Designing a Writing Task That Will Stimulate Students to Think About Important Aspects of the Topic

201

(6)

Try It Out

207

(1)

Building Background Knowledge and Motivation

207

(1)

Helping Students Plan What They Will Write

207

(1)

Writing Lessons Guide Students Through the Before, During, and After Phases of Writing

208

(3)

Before Writing

209

(1)

Writing

210

(1)

After Writing

211

(1)

Listen Look and Learn

211

(1)

There Are Many Variations Within the Writing Lesson Framework

211

(7)

Before-Writing Variations

211

(2)

During-Writing Variations

213

(3)

After-Writing Variations

216

(2)

Try It Out

218

(1)

Students Become Independent Learners when Teachers Encourage Student Responsibility, Reflection, and Self-Assessment

219

(2)

Do It Together

221

(1)

Specific Content Area Applications

222

(1)

Writing in the English Language Arts Classroom

222

(2)

Quick Writes

222

(1)

Journals

222

(1)

Designing Tasks for Lessons

223

(1)

Supporting Writing

224

(1)

Writing in Second-Language Classrooms

224

(2)

Connections

224

(1)

Collaboration

225

(1)

Writing in the Mathematics Classroom

226

(1)

Quick Writes

226

(1)

Journals

226

(1)

Word Problems

227

(1)

Writing in the Science Classroom

227

(4)

Quick Writes

228

(1)

Journals

228

(2)

Lab Reports

230

(1)

Writing in the Social Studies Classroom

231

(3)

Quick Writes

231

(1)

Journals

232

(1)

Oral History Projects

233

(1)

Writing Your School's History

233

(1)

Writing in the "Activity" Classroom

234

(2)

Quick Writes

234

(1)

Journals

234

(1)

Interviewing Real People About On-the-Job Writing

235

(1)

Writing Directions in Plain English

235

(1)

Looking Back

236

(1)

Add to Your Journal

236

(1)

References

237

(1)

Additional Readings

237

(2)

chapter 7 Studying

239

(40)

Looking Ahead

239

(1)

Studying Is Personal, but Students Benefit from Experiencing a Variety of Ways to Study Each Content Area

240

(1)

The Ability to Study Includes Several Major Components

241

(10)

Study Processes

241

(1)

Study Strategies

242

(4)

Systems

246

(3)

Resource Management

249

(1)

Self-Regulation

250

(1)

Listen Look and Learn

251

(1)

There Are Important Principles of Instruction in How to Study

251

(1)

Try It Out

252

(4)

Integrate Study Strategy Instruction with Content Teaching

252

(1)

Follow an Apprenticeship Model with Student Freedom of Choice

253

(1)

Fading and Self-Assessment

253

(3)

Try It Out

256

(4)

Scaffolding

256

(3)

Motivating

259

(1)

Teaching All Students How to Study Requires a Team Approach Across Content Areas and Grades

260

(3)

The Tension Between an Apprenticeship Model and the Need for a Team Approach

261

(2)

Specific Content Area Applications

263

(1)

Studying in the English Language Arts Classrooms

263

(1)

Studying in Second-Language Classrooms

264

(2)

Second-Language Instructional Settings

264

(1)

Word Learning Strategies

265

(1)

Studying in the Mathematics Classroom

266

(3)

Study Cards

267

(1)

Self-Regulation

268

(1)

Studying in the Science Classroom

269

(2)

Graphic Organizers

269

(2)

Mnemonic Devices

271

(1)

Studying in the Social Studies Classroom

271

(3)

Graphic Organizers

271

(2)

Discussing

273

(1)

Two-Column Notes

273

(1)

Studying in the "Activity" Classroom

274

(2)

Study Cards

274

(1)

Writing Summaries of Procedures

275

(1)

Images and Rhymes

275

(1)

Looking Back

276

(1)

Add to Your Journal

276

(1)

References

277

(1)

Additional Readings

278

(1)

chapter 8 Student Inquiry

279

(28)

Looking Ahead

279

(1)

Inquiry Is a Special Feature of Integrated Units of Instruction

280

(2)

Do It Together

282

(1)

Asking Engaging Researchable Questions Is Essential to Inquiry

282

(4)

Poster Questions

283

(1)

What You Know and What You Don't Know

284

(1)

Question Box

285

(1)

Locating Sources and Information Within Sources Is Essential to Inquiry

286

(2)

Written Sources

286

(2)

Interviews

288

(1)

Try It Out

288

(1)

Organizing Information Is Essential to Inquiry

289

(6)

Producing Notes

289

(1)

Categorizing Information

290

(4)

Citing Information

294

(1)

Maintaining the Focus of Research

295

(1)

Try It Out

295

(1)

Students Share What They Learned in a Variety of Ways

296

(3)

Written Sharing

296

(2)

Oral Sharing

298

(1)

Visual Displays

299

(1)

Listen Look and Learn

299

(1)

Students Become Independent when Teachers Gradually Fade Their Support and Hand Over Responsibility to Students

299

(3)

Looking Back

302

(1)

Add to Your Journal

302

(1)

References

303

(1)

Additional Readings

304

(3)

PART II ...In the Content Areas: K-12

307

(120)

chapter 9 Primary Level

309

(30)

References

338

(1)

chapter 10 Intermediate Level

339

(30)

References

368

(1)

chapter 11 Middle School Level

369

(26)

References

394

(1)

chapter 12 High School Level

395

(32)

References

425

(2)

Index

427

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Developing Readers and Writers in the Content Areas K-12

9780801318566

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Table of Contents