Developmental Plasticity and Evolution

by West-Eberhard, Mary Jane

• ISBN13: 9780195122350
• ISBN10: 0195122356
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-03-13
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

The first comprehensive synthesis on development and evolution: it applies to all aspects of development, at all levels of organization and in all organisms, taking advantage of modern findings on behavior, genetics, endocrinology, molecular biology, evolutionary theory and phylogenetics toshow the connections between developmental mechanisms and evolutionary change. This book solves key problems that have impeded a definitive synthesis in the past. It uses new concepts and specific examples to show how to relate environmentally sensitive development to the genetic theory of adaptiveevolution and to explain major patterns of change. In this book development includes not only embryology and the ontogeny of morphology, sometimes portrayed inadequately as governed by "regulatory genes," but also behavioral development and physiological adaptation, where plasticity is mediated bygenetically complex mechanisms like hormones and learning. The book shows how the universal qualities of phenotypes--modular organization and plasticity--facilitate both integration and change. Here you will learn why it is wrong to describe organisms as genetically programmed; why environmentalinduction is likely to be more important in evolution than random mutation; and why it is crucial to consider both selection and developmental mechanism in explanations of adaptive evolution. This book satisfies the need for a truly general book on development, plasticity and evolution that appliesto living organisms in all of their life stages and environments. Using an immense compendium of examples on many kinds of organisms, from viruses and bacteria to higher plants and animals, it shows how the phenotype is reorganized during evolution to produce novelties, and how alternativephenotypes occupy a pivotal role as a phase of evolution that fosters diversification and speeds change. The arguments of this book call for a new view of the major themes of evolutionary biology, as shown in chapters on gradualism, homology, environmental induction, speciation, radiation,macroevolution, punctuation, and the maintenance of sex. No other treatment of development and evolution since Darwin's offers such a comprehensive and critical discussion of the relevant issues. Developmental Plasticity and Evolution is designed for biologists interested in the development andevolution of behavior, life-history patterns, ecology, physiology, morphology and speciation. It will also appeal to evolutionary paleontologists, anthropologists, psychologists, and teachers of general biology.

Author Biography

Mary Jane West-Eberhard is a Senior Scientist at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute whose primary research is on the natural history and behavior of social wasps. She studied zoology at the University of Michigan, followed by a postdoctoral fellowship at Harvard University. She is a past president of the Society for the Study of Evolution and a member of the National Academy of Sciences.

Table of Contents

I FRAMEWORK FOR A SYNTHESIS
Gaps and Inconsistencies in Modern Evolutionary Thought	3	(18)
Material for a Synthesis	21	(13)
Plasticity	34	(22)
Modularity	56	(33)
Development	89	(50)
Adaptive Evolution	139	(20)
Principles of Development and Evolution	159	(29)
Darwin's Theory of Development and Evolution	188	(9)
II THE ORIGINS OF NOVELTY
The Nature and Analysis of Phenotype Transitions	197	(12)
Duplication	209	(9)
Deletion	218	(14)
Reversion	232	(9)
Heterochrony	241	(14)
Heterotopy	255	(5)
Cross-sexual Transfer	260	(36)
Quantitative Shifts and Correlated Change	296	(21)
Combinatorial Evolution at the Molecular Level	317	(20)
Phenotypic Recombination Due to Learning	337	(16)
Recurrence	353	(24)
III ALTERNATIVE PHENOTYPES
Alternative Phenotypes as a Phase of Evolution	377	(17)
Divergence without Speciation	394	(23)
Maintenance without Equilibrium	417	(23)
Assessment	440	(31)
IV DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITY AND THE MAJOR THEMES OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
Gradualism	471	(14)
Homology	485	(13)
Environmental Modifications	498	(28)
Speciation	526	(38)
Adaptive Radiation	564	(34)
Macroevolution	598	(19)
Punctuation	617	(13)
One Final Word: Sex	630	(9)
Literature Cited	639	(106)
Author Index	745	(14)
Taxonomic Index	759	(8)
Subject Index	767