Dietary Reference Intake for Calcium Vitamin D: Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium Food and Nutrition Board (Book with CD-ROM)

by Institute of Medicine (U. S.)

• ISBN13: 9780309163941
• ISBN10: 0309163943
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2011-05-01
• Publisher: NATL ACADEMY OF SCIENCE

Summary

Calcium and vitamin D are essential nutrients for the human body long known for their role in bone health. During the last 10 years, conflicting messages have arisen about potential other benefits of these nutrients and about how much calcium and vitamin D are needed to be healthy.

Table of Contents

Summary	p. 1
The Committee and Its Charge	p. 2
DRI Context for Committee's Work	p. 2
The Committee's Approach and Examination of Data	p. 3
Key Challenges	p. 6
The Committee's Outcomes	p. 7
Dietary Intake Assessment	p. 10
Implications and Special Concerns	p. 11
Conclusions About Vitamin D Deficiency in the United States and Canada	p. 13
Introduction	p. 15
The Task	p. 16
The Dietary Reference Intake Framework	p. 17
The Approach	p. 29
Overview of Calcium	p. 35
Introduction	p. 35
Sources of Calcium	p. 36
Metabolism of Calcium	p. 38
Functions and Physiological Actions of Calcium	p. 42
Calcium Across the Life Cycle	p. 52
Bone Mass Measures Associated with Calcium	p. 57
Other Factors Related to Calcium Nutriture	p. 62
Overview of Vitamin D	p. 75
Introduction	p. 75
Sources of Vitamin D	p. 79
Metabolism of Vitamin D	p. 83
Functions and Physiological Actions of Vitamin D	p. 89
Vitamin D Across the Life Cycle	p. 94
Measures Associated with Vitamin D: Serum 25OHD	p. 96
Measures Associated with Vitamin D: Parathyroid Hormone	p. 111
Review of Potential Indicators of Adequacy and Selection of Indicators: Calcium and Vitamin D	p. 125
Approach	p. 125
Review of Potential Indicators	p. 134
Considerations Related to African American Ancestry	p. 294
Selection of Indicators	p. 298
Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy: Calcium and Vitamin D	p. 345
Overview	p. 345
Calcium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy	p. 348
Vitamin D: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy	p. 362
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels: Calcium and Vitamin D	p. 403
Calcium Upper Levels: Review of Potential Indicators and Selection of Indicators	p. 405
Calcium Upper Levels: Intake-Response Assessment and Specification of Upper Levels	p. 418
Vitamin D Upper Levels: Review of Potential Indicators and Selection of Indicators	p. 424
Vitamin D Upper Levels: Intake-Response Assessment and Specification of Upper Levels	p. 440
Dietary Intake Assessment	p. 457
The National Surveys and Approach Used	p. 457
Calcium Intake	p. 463
Vitamin D Intake and Serum 25OHD Concentrations	p. 468
Differences Between the United States and Canada: National Survey Data for Calcium and Vitamin D	p. 474
Summary	p. 477
Implications and Special Concerns	p. 479
Summary of Assessment	p. 479
Implications	p. 481
Population Segments and Conditions of Interest	p. 490
Information Gaps and Research Needs	p. 513
ôHazard Identificationö or Indicator Review and Selection	p. 516
ôHazard Characterizationö or Intake-Response Assessment and Specification of Dietary Reference Intakes	p. 519
Intake Assessment	p. 520
Related Research Need	p. 521
Concluding Remarks	p. 522
Appendixes*
Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Glossary	p. 523
Issues and Interests Identified by Study Sponsors	p. 537
Methods and Results from the AHRQ-Ottawa Evidence-Based Report on Effectiveness and Safety of Vitamin D in Relation to Bone Health	p. 539
Methods and Results from the AHRQ-Tufts Evidence Based Report on Vitamin D and Calcium	p. 725
Literature Search Strategy	p. 1013
Evidence Maps	p. 1019
Case Studies of Vitamin D Toxicity	p. 1025
Estimated Intakes of Calcium and Vitamin D from National Surveys	p. 1035
Proportion of the Population Above and Below 40 nmol/L Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cumulative Distribution of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: United States and Canada	p. 1045
Workshop Agenda and Open Session Agendas	p. 1059
Biographical Sketches of Committee Members	p. 1065
Index	p. 1075
Summary Tables
Estimated Average Requirements	p. 1104
Recommended Dietary Allowances and Adequate Intakes, Vitamins	p. 1106
Recommended Dietary Allowances and Adequate Intakes, Elements	p. 1108
Recommended Dietary Allowances and Adequate Intakes, Total Water and Macronutrients	p. 1110
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges	p. 1111
Additional Macronutrient Recommendations	p. 1111
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels, Vitamins	p. 1112
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels, Elements	p. 1114
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