Doing Data Analysis with SPSS Version 12

by Carver, Robert H.; Nash, Jane Gradwohl

• ISBN13: 9780534465513
• ISBN10: 053446551X
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-03-19
• Publisher: Duxbury Press

Summary

Now updated for SPSS® 12.0, this book is an excellent supplement to any introductory statistics course. It provides a practical and useful introduction to SPSS 12.0 and enables students to work independently to learn helpful software skills outside of class. By using SPSS to handle complex computations, students can focus on and gain an understanding of the underlying statistical concepts and techniques in the introductory statistics course.

Table of Contents

A First Look at SPSS 12.0	1	(13)
Objectives	1	(1)
Launching SPSS	1	(2)
Entering Data into the Data Editor	3	(4)
Saving a Data File	7	(1)
Creating a Bar Chart	7	(4)
Saving an Output File	11	(1)
Getting Help	12	(1)
Printing in SPSS	12	(1)
Quitting SPSS	12	(1)
Tables and Graphs for One Variable	13	(12)
Objectives	13	(1)
Opening a Data File	13	(1)
Exploring the Data	14	(2)
Creating a Histogram	16	(3)
Frequency Distributions	19	(2)
Another Bar Chart	21	(1)
Printing Session Output	21	(1)
Moving On...	22	(3)
Tables and Graphs for Two Variables	25	(12)
Objectives	25	(1)
Cross-Tabulating Data	25	(2)
Editing a Recent Dialog	27	(1)
More on Bar Charts	27	(3)
Comparing Two Distributions	30	(1)
Scatterplots to Detect Relationships	31	(2)
Moving On...	33	(4)
One-Variable Descriptive Statistics	37	(12)
Objectives	37	(1)
Computing One Summary Measure for a Variable	37	(4)
Computing Additional Summary Measures	41	(3)
A Box-and-Whiskers Plot	44	(1)
Standardizing a Variable	45	(1)
Moving On...	46	(3)
Two-Variable Descriptive Statistics	49	(10)
Objectives	49	(1)
Comparing Dispersion with the Coefficient of Variation	49	(2)
Descriptive Measures for Subsamples	51	(1)
Measures of Association: Covariance and Correlation	52	(2)
Moving On...	54	(5)
Elementary Probability	59	(10)
Objectives	59	(1)
Simulation	59	(1)
A Classical Example	59	(2)
Observed Relative Frequency as Probability	61	(2)
Handling Alphanumeric Data	63	(3)
Moving On...	66	(3)
Discrete Probability Distributions	69	(10)
Objectives	69	(1)
An Empirical Discrete Distribution	69	(2)
Graphing a Distribution	71	(1)
A Theoretical Distribution: The Binomial	72	(2)
Another Theoretical Distribution: The Poisson	74	(1)
Moving On...	75	(4)
Probability Density Functions	79	(12)
Objectives	79	(1)
Continuous Random Variables	79	(1)
Generating Normal Distributions	80	(3)
Finding Areas under a Normal Curve	83	(2)
Normal Curves as Models	85	(2)
Moving On...	87	(4)
Sampling Distributions	91	(10)
Objectives	91	(1)
What Is a Sampling Distribution?	91	(1)
Sampling from a Normal Population	92	(3)
Central Limit Theorem	95	(2)
Sampling Distribution of the Proportion	97	(1)
Moving On...	98	(3)
Confidence Intervals	101	(10)
Objectives	101	(1)
The Concept of a Confidence Interval	101	(3)
Effect of Confidence Coefficient	104	(1)
Large Samples from a Non-normal (Known) Population	104	(1)
Dealing with Real Data	105	(1)
Small Samples from a Normal Population	106	(2)
Moving On...	108	(3)
One-Sample Hypothesis Tests	111	(12)
Objectives	111	(1)
The Logic of Hypothesis Testing	111	(1)
An Artificial Example	112	(3)
A More Realistic Case: We Don't Know Mu or Sigma	115	(2)
A Small-Sample Example	117	(3)
Moving On...	120	(3)
Two-Sample Hypothesis Tests	123	(12)
Objectives	123	(1)
Working with Two Samples	123	(5)
Paired vs. Independent Samples	128	(2)
Moving On...	130	(5)
Analysis of Variance (I)	135	(16)
Objectives	135	(1)
Comparing Three or More Means	135	(1)
One-Factor Independent Measures ANOVA	136	(4)
Where are the Differences?	140	(2)
One-Factor Repeated Measures ANOVA	142	(5)
Where are the Differences?	147	(1)
Moving On...	147	(4)
Analysis of Variance (II)	151	(12)
Objectives	151	(1)
Two-Factor Independent Measures ANOVA	151	(6)
Another Example	157	(2)
One Last Note	159	(1)
Moving On...	160	(3)
Linear Regression (I)	163	(14)
Objectives	163	(1)
Linear Relationships	163	(5)
Another Example	168	(1)
Statistical Inferences in Linear Regression	169	(1)
An Example of a Questionable Relationship	170	(1)
An Estimation Application	171	(1)
A Classic Example	172	(1)
Moving On...	173	(4)
Linear Regression (II)	177	(16)
Objectives	177	(1)
Assumptions for Least Squares Regression	177	(1)
Examining Residuals to Check Assumptions	178	(5)
A Time Series Example	183	(2)
Issues in Forecasting and Prediction	185	(3)
A Caveat about ``Mindless'' Regression	188	(1)
Moving On...	189	(4)
Multiple Regression	193	(16)
Objectives	193	(1)
Going Beyond a Single Explanatory Variable	193	(6)
Significance Testing and Goodness of Fit	199	(1)
Residual Analysis	200	(1)
Adding More Variables	200	(1)
Another Example	201	(1)
Working with Qualitative Variables	202	(2)
A New Concern	204	(1)
Moving On...	205	(4)
Nonlinear Models	209	(14)
Objectives	209	(1)
When Relationships are Not Linear	209	(1)
A Simple Example	210	(1)
Some Common Transformations	211	(2)
Another Quadratic Model	213	(4)
A Log-Linear Model	217	(1)
Adding More Variables	218	(1)
Moving On...	219	(4)
Basic Forecasting Techniques	223	(12)
Objectives	223	(1)
Detecting Patterns over Time	223	(1)
Some Illustrative Examples	224	(2)
Forecasting Using Moving Averages	226	(3)
Forecasting Using Trend Analysis	229	(3)
Another Example	232	(1)
Moving On...	232	(3)
Chi-Square Tests	235	(12)
Objectives	235	(1)
Qualitative vs. Quantitative Data	235	(4)
Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test	239	(1)
Chi-Square Test of Independence	239	(3)
Another Example	242	(1)
Moving On...	243	(4)
Nonparametric Tests	247	(12)
Objectives	247	(1)
Nonparametric Methods	247	(1)
Mann-Whitney U Test	248	(2)
Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test	250	(2)
Kruskal-Wallis H Test	252	(3)
Spearman's Rank Order Correlation	255	(1)
Moving On...	256	(3)
Tools for Quality	259	(14)
Objectives	259	(1)
Processes and Variation	259	(1)
Charting a Process Mean	260	(3)
Charting a Process Range	263	(1)
Another Way to Organize Data	264	(2)
Charting a Process Proportion	266	(2)
Pareto Charts	268	(2)
Moving On...	270	(3)
Appendix A: Dataset Descriptions	273	(36)
Appendix B: Working with Files	309	(6)
Objectives	309	(1)
Data Files	309	(1)
Viewer Document Files	310	(1)
Converting Other Data Files into SPSS Data Files	311	(4)
Index	315