Earth Structures

by Vanicek, Ivan; Vanicek, Martin

• ISBN13: 9781402039638
• ISBN10: 1402039638
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-09-03
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

"While soil is the oldest, most commonly used building material, there is a paradox in that the subject of Earth Structures has never previously been comprehensively covered. This book describes the principles of working with soil as a construction material, including two basic ways of treating it: geosynthetics and stabilization. The book discusses the design logic and ways to control Earth Structures, which differ significantly from other construction materials. Building with Earth involves greater uncertainty and risk, which means that there is a need for better design detailing and improvement in the quality of financial calculations." "With its emphasis on principles, the logic of processes, and understanding the most important problems, the book allows all those involved with a construction (client, designer, contractor and supervisor) to build such earth structures more safely and economically." "This book will be of interest to civil and environmental engineers; transport, hydraulic and planning engineers; geotechnical and geo-environmental engineers; scientists, designers, contractors, clients and supervisors; and postgraduate students."--BOOK JACKET.

Author Biography

Ivan Vanicek Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic Martin Vanicek Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic

Table of Contents

Introduction - Design Specification for Earth Structures	p. 1
Soil as a Construction Material	p. 7
Soil Classification - Specification for Utilization in Different Parts of Earth Structures	p. 7
Suitability of Soils for Transport Engineering Earth Structures	p. 15
Suitability of Soils for Hydro Engineering Earth Structures	p. 17
Borrow Pit - Soil in Natural State	p. 20
Soil Genesis	p. 20
Geotechnical Investigation	p. 26
Workability	p. 31
Soil Treatment Before the Utilization	p. 32
Soil Compaction	p. 33
Compaction Mechanism	p. 34
Laboratory Compaction Methods	p. 36
Compacting Machinery	p. 43
Compaction Quality Control	p. 53
Soil Properties as a Function of Compaction Effort	p. 66
Geosynthetics in Earth Structures	p. 71
Basic Types	p. 72
Properties	p. 75
Index Properties	p. 76
Hydraulic Properties	p. 77
Strength Characteristics	p. 81
Friction Resistance of Soil - Geosynthetic Interface	p. 83
Mechanical Resistance	p. 85
Chemical Resistance	p. 86
Different Functions in Earth Structures	p. 87
Filtration Function	p. 87
Drainage Function	p. 92
Reinforcing Function	p. 94
Separation Function	p. 97
Protective Function	p. 97
Surface Erosion Protection Function	p. 98
Sealing Function	p. 101
Summary of Applications and Properties	p. 104
Geosynthetic Handling on Construction Site	p. 105
Soil Improvement	p. 109
Speeding Up of Consolidation	p. 109
Preloading	p. 115
Vertical Drains	p. 118
Soil Stabilization	p. 123
Mechanically Stabilized Soil	p. 123
Stabilization with the Help of Cement, Lime and Other Hydraulic Bonding Agents	p. 125
Soil Reinforcement	p. 133
Geosynthetic Soil Reinforcement	p. 133
Soil Nailing	p. 145
Limit States for Earth Structures	p. 153
Principles of Design Procedure for Earth Structures	p. 153
Risk Principle in the Design of Geotechnical Structures - Geotechnical Categories	p. 153
Ultimate Limit States and Serviceability Limit States	p. 155
Actions, Design Situations	p. 155
Ultimate Limit States	p. 157
Basic Logic of Design Approach Based on Calculation of Limit States	p. 165
Other Methods of Limit States Verification	p. 167
Basic Limit States for Earth Structures	p. 169
Limit State of Stability	p. 169
Limit State of Deformation	p. 187
Limit State of Internal Erosion	p. 204
Limit State of Surface Erosion	p. 217
Modelling of Limit States	p. 223
Numerical Models	p. 224
Laboratory Models	p. 234
Modelling of In Situ - Monitoring	p. 246
Earth Structures in Transport Engineering	p. 259
Basic Assumptions - Situation of Traffic Network, Longitudinal Section	p. 260
Application of Waste and Recycled Materials	p. 261
Landslide Prone Areas	p. 262
Transport Embankment - Fill	p. 266
Classical Case - Embankment on Good Quality Subsoil	p. 266
Embankment on Soft Subsoil	p. 275
Embankment Widening	p. 299
Cutting	p. 303
Classical Case - Limit States	p. 303
Ground Water Lowering	p. 308
Cuts Widening	p. 310
Specific Cases of Interaction	p. 317
Retaining Walls	p. 317
Bridge Abutments	p. 327
Interaction of Fill with Different Underpasses	p. 330
Specificity for Roadways	p. 334
Unpaved Roads	p. 339
Interaction of Construction Layer with Subsoil	p. 343
Parking Place	p. 345
Specificity for Railways	p. 346
Track Reconstruction for Higher Speed	p. 348
Construction of New Tracks for High Speed Trains	p. 355
Specificity for Airfields	p. 361
Practical Examples	p. 362
Experience Gained from the Construction of Airfields in Challenging Geotechnical Conditions	p. 365
Relation to Environments	p. 370
Impact of Waste Material Used in Earth Structures on Environment	p. 370
Collection of Surface Run-off and Subsoil Sealing	p. 377
Noise Protection Barriers	p. 378
Earth Structures in Water Engineering	p. 381
Basic Cases of Earth Structures in Water Engineering and Their Features	p. 382
Earth and Rock-Fill Dams, Typical Cross-Section	p. 383
An Analysis of the Most Frequent Failures of Earth and Rockfill Dams	p. 385
Conditions and Reasons of the Tensile Cracks Development	p. 387
Conditions of the Tensile Cracks Development	p. 392
Reasons of the Tensile Cracks Development	p. 397
Stress-Strain Behaviour of Soils in Tension	p. 410
Tensile Tests Under Undrained Conditions	p. 412
Results of Undrained Tensile Tests	p. 415
Results of Drained Tensile Tests	p. 426
Soil Behaviour During Seepage Through Crack	p. 432
Model of Seepage Cracks for Cohesive and Frictional Soils	p. 433
Swelling Potential	p. 435
Forces Between Individual Particles	p. 437
Dispersive Soils	p. 441
Flocculated Soils	p. 447
Filtration Contact Stability for Protected Soil with a Crack	p. 451
Protected Cohesive Soil with Crack	p. 452
Applicability of Geotextile Filters in Dam Engineering	p. 455
Practical Examples from Earth and Rock-Fill Dam Construction	p. 456
Dalesice Dam	p. 456
Hrinova Dam	p. 459
Jirkov Dam	p. 461
Low Dams in Southtown in Prague	p. 462
Teton Dam	p. 463
Failures Remediation	p. 467
Summary of Earth and Rockfill Dam Design	p. 471
Recommendation for Elimination of Tensile Cracks Development	p. 471
Recommended Logical Way for Fill Dams Design	p. 475
Specificity of Small Fish Pond Dams	p. 479
Rehabilitation of Old Earthfill Dams Failed During Heavy Floods	p. 479
Limit States of Failure	p. 480
Principles of the Reconstruction Design	p. 484
Some Recommendation Obtained from the Reconstruction	p. 488
Conclusions	p. 489
Specificity of Flood Protection Dams (Dikes)	p. 491
Details for Individual Countries	p. 491
Fundamental Specificity of the Protection Dams	p. 493
Earth Structures in Environmental Engineering	p. 497
Spoil Heaps	p. 499
Behaviour of Stored Clayey Material with Large Voids - Macropores	p. 500
Stability of Spoil Heaps	p. 506
Deformation of Spoil Heaps	p. 511
Experiences with New Construction on Spoil Heap Surface	p. 515
Tailings Dams	p. 526
Types and Construction of Tailings Dams	p. 527
Tailings Dams with Sediments Resulting from Burning of Solid Fuel	p. 530
Tailing Dams with Sediments from Concentrator Factories, Uranium Tailings	p. 545
Tailings Dams with Other Sediments	p. 555
Landfills	p. 556
Landfill Classification	p. 557
Approaches to the Landfill Design	p. 561
Demands on Sealing Systems for Landfills	p. 567
Drainage Systems for Landfills	p. 579
Properties of Stored Waste in Municipal Landfill	p. 582
Limit States of Landfills	p. 585
Application of Geosynthetics in Landfill Construction	p. 588
Landfill Monitoring	p. 589
Remediation of Old Landfills	p. 591
Utilization of Landfill Surface for New Construction	p. 594
References	p. 607
Index	p. 629
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