Earth's Magnetosphere

by Heikkila

• ISBN13: 9780444528643
• ISBN10: 0444528644
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2011-10-13
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

The author argues that, after four decades of debate about the interactive of solar wind with the magenetosphere, it is time to get back to basics. Starting with Newton's law, this book also examines Maxwell's equations and subsidiary equations such as continuity, constitutive relations and the Lorentz transformation; Helmholtz' theorem, and Poynting's theorem, among other methods for understanding this interaction. Prompt Particle Acceleration to High Energies Plasma Transfer Event Low Latitude Boundary Layer

Table of Contents

Kiruna Meeting	p. ix
Prologue	p. xi
Acknowledgements	p. xvii
Historical introduction	p. 1
Early history	p. 1
International Geophysical Year (IGY)	p. 3
International Magnetospheric Study	p. 4
Electric and magnetic fields in space	p. 7
Reference frames and frozen fields	p. 16
Coronal expansion	p. 17
Solar wind	p. 19
Magnetosheath	p. 25
Magnetopause	p. 28
Cause and effect at the magnetopause	p. 30
Low-Latitude Boundary Layer	p. 40
Discovery of the radiation belt	p. 42
The ionosphere	p. 44
High frequency wave propagation	p. 48
Polar cap during southward Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF)	p. 55
The aurora and substorms	p. 61
Discussion	p. 69
Approximate methods	p. 75
Need for approximate methods	p. 75
Circuit analysis	p. 76
Basic magnetohydrodynamic equations	p. 99
Example of MHD for magnetospheric research	p. 103
Discussion	p. 109
Summary	p. 110
Helmholtz's theorem	p. 111
Introduction	p. 111
Helmholtz's theorem	p. 114
Maxwell's equations	p. 116
Gauss's law	p. 118
Gauge conditions	p. 119
Electrodynamics	p. 122
Sporadic magnetopause beams	p. 128
Particle simulation in 1-D	p. 130
Exceptional electron beam observation	p. 137
Other observations of energisation	p. 142
Discussion	p. 143
Summary	p. 145
Poynting's energy conservation theorem	p. 151
Introduction	p. 151
The electric displacement: D field	p. 152
The magnetic field H	p. 154
Poynting's theorem	p. 155
Discussion	p. 160
Plasma transfer event seen by Cluster	p. 166
Three systems	p. 166
Scientific paradigms	p. 168
Summary	p. 169
Magnetopause	p. 171
Introduction	p. 171
Solar wind - magnetopause interaction	p. 172
ISEE observations	p. 181
Profile of magnetopause electron temperature	p. 183
Impulsive penetration	p. 187
Flux transfer event	p. 193
Cluster observations of plasma transfer	p. 196
Plasma transfer event	p. 200
Skimming orbit of GEOTAIL	p. 205
Electric field at high sampling rates	p. 210
Discussion	p. 213
Summary	p. 223
High-altitude cusps	p. 225
Introduction	p. 225
The magnetosheath	p. 226
The cusp throat	p. 229
Transfer events	p. 233
Cusp energetic particles	p. 237
Exterior cusp	p. 243
Discussion	p. 250
Summary	p. 251
Low-latitude boundary layer	p. 253
Introduction	p. 253
Comprehensive investigation of low-latitude boundary layer	p. 257
Studies with better resolution	p. 265
Plasma transfer event	p. 269
Identification of cusp and cleft/low-latitude boundary layer	p. 270
Qualitative description of low-latitude boundary layer	p. 271
Topology of the magnetosphere	p. 274
ISEE observations	p. 276
Transient penetration	p. 283
Massive flow in the boundary layer	p. 286
Other observations of the low-latitude boundary layer	p. 289
Polar cap during southward interplanetary magnetic field	p. 290
Study with southward interplanetary magnetic field	p. 291
Polar cap during northward interplanetary magnetic field	p. 295
Penetration of interplanetary electric field into magnetosphere	p. 302
A study with northward interplanetary magnetic field	p. 306
Discussion	p. 314
Summary	p. 321
Driving the plasma sheet	p. 325
Introduction	p. 325
Transfer of plasma and electric field	p. 326
Plasma sheet from low altitude observations	p. 326
Plasma sheet observations	p. 329
Particle dynamics	p. 337
Auroral current circuit	p. 345
Key results from SuperDARN, CANOPUS	p. 356
Large scale flow dynamics	p. 363
Discussions	p. 369
Summary	p. 373
Magnetospheric substorms	p. 377
Introduction	p. 377
Statistical description of the substorm	p. 380
Two models as apparent alternatives	p. 390
Substorm disturbance onsets	p. 392
Substorm transfer event	p. 394
Ion dynamics	p. 397
Westward travelling surge	p. 402
Bursty bulk flows	p. 408
Observations of particle acceleration	p. 418
Acceleration of cold plasma	p. 422
Discussion	p. 429
Summary	p. 431
Epilogue: What is new in this book	p. 435
Introduction	p. 435
Main arguments in this book	p. 438
Substorm transfer event	p. 443
Four fundamental processes reexamined	p. 444
Final summary	p. 445
References	p. 447
Index	p. 473
Colour Plates
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