The Economics of Poverty and Discrimination

by Bradley R. Schiller

Edition:

7th

ISBN13:

9780136750833

ISBN10:

0136750834

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

1/1/1998

Publisher(s):

Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference

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What version or edition is this?

This is the 7th edition with a publication date of 1/1/1998.

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Summary

Emphasizing the complex economic, social, and political factors that create poverty and make its eradication so difficult, this book provides a broad overview of the dimensions of poverty and discrimination, the various explanations for these social ills, and the policy options for addressing them.

Preface

PART I: THE DIMENSIONS OF POVERTY

(44)

CHAPTER 1 Views of Inequality and Poverty

(19)

The Continuing Controversy

(2)

Too little assistance?

(1)

Or too much?

(1)

Equity and Efficiency

(1)

Causes and Cures

(6)

Flawed characters

(1)

Restricted opportunity

(1)

Big brother

(1)

Self-interest

(1)

Policy implications

(1)

Historical perspectives

(2)

Inequality

(1)

Explanations

(1)

Equity versus efficiency

(1)

Dimensions of Inequality

(4)

Income versus wealth

(1)

Transitory versus permanent income

(1)

Life-cycle dynamics

(1)

Public provisions

(1)

Social equality

(1)

Happiness

(1)

Whose happiness? Units of observations

(1)

Poverty: Drawing a Line

(4)

The absolute approach

(1)

The relative approach

(3)

Summary

(1)

Further Reading

(2)

CHAPTER 2 Counting the Poor

(25)

The Distribution of Income

(2)

The Official Poverty Line

(8)

The concept of minimum needs

(1)

Units of measure

(2)

Poverty thresholds

(1)

The CEA line

(2)

The SSA index

(1)

The current poverty index

(3)

The Number of Poor People

(2)

The official poverty count

(1)

The poverty rate

(2)

How poor?

(1)

Measurement Problems

(6)

In-kind income

(2)

Underreporting

(1)

Income mobility

(1)

The uncounted poor

(1)

Latent poverty

(1)

Too low a threshold?

(1)

The call for revision

(1)

Characteristics of the Poor

(4)

Age and family status

(1)

Geography and residence

(2)

Labor force status

(1)

Similarities and differences

(1)

Summary

(1)

Further Reading

(2)

PART II: CAUSES OF POVERTY

(132)

CHAPTER 3 Labor Force Participation

(24)

Income Sources

(4)

Two-parent families

(2)

Female-headed families

(1)

Labor Force Status

(4)

The nonparticipants

(2)

Unemployment

(1)

The Process of Economic Deterioration

(2)

Subemployment

(2)

Discouraged workers

(1)

Underemployment

(1)

Subemployment

(1)

Poverty implications

(1)

The Question of Causation

(7)

Do the poor really try?

(3)

Macroeconomic forces

(1)

Deficient demand

(2)

Poverty impact

(1)

Summary

(1)

Further Reading

(1)

Appendix: The Phillips Curve Dilemma

(4)

CHAPTER 4 The Working Poor

(15)

Work Experience and Poverty

(4)

Weeks of work and hours

(1)

The working poor

(1)

How much work?

(1)

Further Reading

(1)

Appendix: Does Prosperity Trickle Down?

(3)

CHAPTER 5 Age and Health

(16)

Age

(10)

Declining poverty rate

(2)

Diversity among the aged

(1)

Sources of economic support

(5)

Rising health

(1)

Tax burdens

(1)

Making do

(1)

Assessing causation

(1)

Health

(4)

Health costs

(1)

Causality

(1)

Health insurance

(1)

Intergenerational links

(1)

Mental health

(1)

Summary

(1)

Further Reading

(1)

CHAPTER 6 Family Size and Structure

100

(14)

Family Size

100

(4)

Poverty rates

101

(1)

The potential impact

101

(2)

Declining family size

103

(1)

The causal relation

103

(1)

Family Structure

104

(8)

Changing family patterns

104

(1)

Economic implications

105

(2)

Poverty impact

107

(1)

Causation

108

(4)

Summary

112

(1)

Further Reading

112

(2)

CHAPTER 7 The Underclass: Culture and Race

114

(16)

The Culture of Poverty

114

(4)

Norms versus traits

115

(2)

A question of opportunities

117

(1)

Wilson's Underclass Theory

118

(4)

Testing the theory

118

(1)

Direct tests of aspirations

119

(1)

Indirect tests of predicted behavior

120

(1)

Assessment

121

(1)

The Racial Inferiority Theory

122

(5)

Intelligence and status

123

(1)

IQ scores

124

(1)

Resolving the issues

125

(1)

Other complications

126

(1)

Summary

127

(1)

Further Reading

128

(2)

CHAPTER 8 Education and Ability

130

(12)

Education and Income

130

(7)

Poverty rates

131

(1)

Labor-market effects

131

(1)

Increasing skill premiums

132

(1)

Income overlaps

133

(2)

Education as a sorting device

135

(2)

The content of education

137

(1)

Ability and Income

137

(3)

Which ability matters?

137

(1)

IQ and schooling

138

(2)

Summary

140

(1)

Further Reading

140

(2)

CHAPTER 9 Discrimination in Education

142

(19)

Discrimination

142

(5)

Attitudes versus action

143

(1)

The relevancy standard

143

(1)

Costs and benefits of discrimination

144

(3)

Proving discrimination

147

(1)

Racial Discrimination in Education

147

(6)

Disparate outcomes

148

(1)

School segregation

149

(2)

Equality of facilities

151

(1)

Inherent inequalities

152

(1)

Class Discrimination in Education

153

(4)

School finances

154

(1)

Educational attainments

154

(1)

The question of ability

155

(2)

Sex Discrimination in Education

157

(2)

Gender segregation

157

(1)

Graduate degrees

158

(1)

Summary

159

(1)

Further Reading

160

(1)

CHAPTER 10 Discrimination in the Labor Market

161

(16)

Racial Discrimination in the Labor Market

161

(11)

Disparities in earnings

162

(1)

Educational differences

163

(2)

Components of earnings disparities

165

(3)

Who discriminates?

168

(1)

Labor unions

168

(3)

Employers

171

(1)

Class Discrimination in the Labor Market

172

(1)

Sex Discrimination in the Labor Market

173

(3)

Occupational segregation

173

(3)

Summary

176

(1)

Further Reading

176

(1)

PART III: POLICY OPTIONS

177

(84)

CHAPTER 11 Welfare Programs

177

(27)

Welfare versus Social Insurance

178

(1)

Welfare: The Cash Assistance Programs

179

(9)

Inadequacies

179

(1)

Inequities

180

(2)

Family disincentives

182

(1)

Work disincentives

183

(3)

Conflicting welfare goals

186

(1)

The goal compromise

187

(1)

Welfare: The In-Kind Programs

188

(5)

Food stamps

188

(1)

Medicaid

188

(1)

Housing assistance

189

(1)

Nutrition programs

189

(1)

The welfare package

189

(1)

Revisiting the goal conflict

190

(3)

Welfare Reform

193

(5)

Guaranteed income

193

(1)

Guaranteed jobs

194

(1)

Workfare

195

(1)

Edfare

196

(1)

The family support act of 1988

197

(1)

State waivers

198

(1)

The 1996 Welfare Reforms

198

(2)

The end of AFDC

199

(1)

Temporary assistance for needy families (TANF)

199

(1)

The controversy

200

(1)

The Limits of Welfare

200

(2)

Summary

202

(1)

Further Reading

203

(1)

CHAPTER 12 Social Insurance Programs

204

(17)

Social Security

204

(7)

OASDHI programs

204

(1)

Financing

205

(1)

Benefits

206

(1)

Poverty impact

207

(4)

Medicare

211

(1)

Hospital insurance

211

(1)

Supplemental medical insurance

211

(1)

Poverty impact

212

(1)

Unemployment Insurance

212

(3)

Eligibility conditions

212

(1)

Benefits

213

(1)

Poverty impact

214

(1)

Child-Support Enforcement

215

(4)

Child-support gaps

215

(1)

Enforcement policies

216

(1)

Poverty impact

217

(2)

Summary

219

(1)

Further Reading

219

(2)

CHAPTER 13 Employment Policies

221

(14)

Aggregate Demand Policies

222

(2)

Full employment versus price stability

222

(1)

The quality of jobs

223

(1)

Training Programs

224

(6)

Job vacancies

224

(1)

The CETA program

225

(1)

JTPA programs

226

(1)

The WIN program

227

(1)

The JOBS program

228

(1)

State block grants

229

(1)

Generic problems

229

(1)

Tax Credits

230

(2)

Employer credits

230

(1)

Employee credits

231

(1)

A Coordinated Approach

232

(1)

Summary

233

(1)

Further Reading

234

(1)

CHAPTER 14 Equal Opportunity Policies

235

(19)

Equal Employment Opportunity Policies

236

(6)

The EEOC

236

(1)

The OFCCP

237

(1)

Quotas and guidelines

238

(1)

Reverse discrimination

239

(2)

Comparable worth

241

(1)

Class-based preferences

241

(1)

Equal Educational Opportunity Policies

242

(10)

Limits on federal policy

242

(1)

De jure versus de facto segregation

243

(1)

Housing patterns

243

(1)

School patterns

244

(2)

Busing

246

(1)

Fiscal disparities

247

(2)

Compensatory education

249

(1)

College admissions

250

(2)

Summary

252

(1)

Further Reading

253

(1)

CHAPTER 15 Directions and Prospects

254

(7)

The Causes of Poverty

254

(2)

Policy Directions

256

(4)

Welfare reform

257

(1)

Social insurance

258

(1)

Education and training

258

(1)

Macroeconomic policy

259

(1)

Equal opportunity

259

(1)

Causes, Attitudes, and Policy

260

(1)

Index

261

The Economics of Poverty and Discrimination

9780136750833

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Table of Contents