Elementary Education

by Harmon, Deborah A.

• ISBN13: 9781576079423
• ISBN10: 1576079422
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-05-01
• Publisher: Abc-Clio Inc

Summary

A thorough overview of elementary education in the United States, spanning its history, foundations, curriculum models, technology, assessment, and special programs.

Table of Contents

Series Editor's Preface	xiii
Preface	xv
Chapter One: Elementary Schools	1	(18)
Elementary School Student Populations	2	(6)
Changes in Population	2	(1)
Ethnicity and Culture	3	(1)
Language	4	(1)
Families	4	(1)
Child Care	4	(1)
Latchkey Children	5	(1)
Socioeconomic Status	5	(1)
Poverty	6	(1)
Homelessness	6	(1)
Ability	7	(1)
Current Trends and Issues in Elementary Education	8	(8)
Diversity	8	(1)
Students with Special Needs	9	(1)
Students Placed at Risk	10	(1)
School Violence	10	(1)
Gang Violence	11	(1)
National Standards	12	(1)
Alternative Assessment	12	(1)
Technology	13	(1)
Family Involvement	13	(1)
School Choice	14	(1)
Year-Round Schools	14	(1)
Open-Enrollment Schools	14	(1)
Hub Schools or Full-Service School Programs	14	(1)
Magnet Schools	15	(1)
Charter School	15	(1)
Vouchers	15	(1)
Home Schooling	16	(1)
Privatization of Public Schools	16	(1)
Summary	16	(1)
References	17	(2)
Chapter Two: The Foundations of Elementary Education	19	(36)
Purpose of Education	19	(1)
Foundations of Education	19	(34)
Historical Foundations of Education	20	(23)
Philosophical Foundations of Education	43	(7)
Social Foundations of Education	50	(1)
Cultural Foundations of Education	51	(2)
Summary	53	(1)
References	53	(2)
Chapter Three: Development of the Elementary Student	55	(34)
Principles of Human Development	55	(1)
Physical Development	55	(2)
Cognitive Development	57	(9)
Piaget's Theory of Intellectual Development	57	(1)
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development	58	(1)
Criticism of Piaget's Theory	59	(1)
Application of Piaget's Theory in
Elementary Education	59	(1)
Vygotsky's Sociocultural View of Development	60	(1)
Application of Vygotsky's Theory in Elementary Education	61	(1)
Informational Processing View of Cognitive Development	62	(3)
Application of Informational Processing View in Elementary Education	65	(1)
Language	66	(3)
Linguistic Development	67	(2)
Personal Development	69	(6)
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Theory	71	(2)
Application of Erikson's Psychosocial
Theory in Elementary Education	73	(1)
Self-Concept Development	73	(1)
Racial Identity Formation	74	(1)
Moral Development	75	(4)
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development	75	(1)
Criticism of Kohlberg	76	(1)
Eisenberg's Theory of Prosocial Behavior	77	(1)
Application of Eisenberg's Theory of Prosocial Behavior in Elementary Education	78	(1)
Application of Moral Development in Elementary Education	78	(1)
Social Development	79	(3)
Perspective Taking	79	(2)
Social Problem Solving	81	(1)
Summary	82	(1)
References	82	(7)
Chapter Four: The Elementary Learner	89	(24)
Learning Theories	89	(2)
How Knowledge Is Constructed	89	(1)
Application of Learning Theory to Elementary Education	90	(1)
Higher Level Thinking Skills	91	(2)
Criticism of Bloom's Taxonomy	92	(1)
Application of Bloom's Taxonomy to Elementary Education	92	(1)
Intelligence	93	(2)
Sternberg's Triarchic Theory	93	(1)
Multiple Intelligences	93	(1)
Criticism of the Theory of Multiple Intelligences	94	(1)
Application of Multiple Intelligences in Elementary Education	95	(1)
Creativity	95	(1)
Application of Creativity in Elementary Education	96	(1)
Learning Styles	96	(3)
Field-Independent and Field-Dependent Learners	97	(2)
Application of Learning Styles in Elementary Education	99	(1)
Culture and Learning	99	(5)
Racial Identity and Learning	101	(2)
Application of Culture in Elementary Education	103	(1)
Language	104	(2)
English as a Second Language	104	(1)
Ebonics Debate	105	(1)
Application of Language in Elementary Education	106	(1)
Self-Concept and Learning	106	(2)
Application of Self-Concept Development in Elementary Education	106	(1)
Socioeconomic Status and Learning	107	(1)
Application of Socioeconomic Factors in Elementary Education	107	(1)
Summary	108	(1)
References	108	(5)
Chapter Five: Elementary School Curriculum	113	(46)
Early Childhood Education	114	(9)
Developmental-Appropriate Practices	114	(2)
Early Childhood Curriculum Models	116	(1)
The Creative Curriculum	117	(1)
Bank Street-Developmental Interaction Approach	118	(1)
High/Scope Curriculum	118	(1)
Montessori Method	119	(2)
Reggio Emilia	121	(1)
Waldorf	121	(1)
The Project Approach	122	(1)
Theme-Based Model	122	(1)
Child-Oriented versus Academically Oriented Programs	122	(1)
Kindergarten Curriculum	123	(2)
Full-Day Kindergarten	124	(1)
Elementary Curriculum	125	(30)
Language Arts	125	(1)
Reading	126	(3)
Writing	129	(1)
Mathematics	130	(3)
Science	133	(2)
Social Studies	135	(5)
Physical Education, Wellness, and Health Education	140	(1)
Fine Arts	141	(1)
Technology	142	(1)
Character Education and Moral Education	143	(2)
Multicultural Education	145	(8)
Creativity	153	(1)
Multiple Intelligences	153	(1)
Differentation	154	(1)
Affective Curriculum	154	(1)
Role Models and Mentors	154	(1)
Family and Community Involvement	155	(1)
Summary	155	(1)
References	155	(4)
Chapter Six: Technology and Elementary Education	159	(18)
The Use of Technology between 1800 and 1919	159	(1)
Opening Doors with Technology between 1920 and 1950	160	(1)
The Many Influences of Technology on Public Education between 1950 and 1959	161	(1)
1954	161	(1)
1957 and 1958	161	(1)
1959	162	(1)
The Emergence of Computer-Assisted Instruction during the 1960's	162	(2)
Smaller, Better, More Affordable Technology of the 1970's and 1980's	164	(1)
The Limitless Possibilities of Technology from the 1990's to the Present	165	(2)
Using Technology to Support learning	167	(3)
Technology/Distance Learning and Home Schooling	170	(1)
Technology and Ethics	171	(1)
The One-Computer Classroom	172	(1)
Handheld Computers in the Classroom	172	(1)
Technology and a New Literacy	173	(1)
Summary	173	(1)
References	174	(3)
Chapter Seven: Special Programs in Elementary Education	177	(40)
Students with Cognitive or Academic Difficulties	177	(6)
Students with Learning Disabilities	178	(2)
Students with ADHD	180	(1)
Students with Speech and Communication Disorders	181	(2)
Students with Social or Behavioral Problems	183	(1)
Autism	184	(1)
Students with Delays in Cognitive and Social Functioning	184	(1)
Students with Physical or Sensory Challenges	185	(2)
Students with Visual Impairments	186	(1)
Students with Hearing Loss	186	(1)
Students with Severe and Multiple Disabilities	187	(1)
Inclusion	187	(4)
Legal Aspects of Special Education	189	(1)
Fair and Nondiscriminatory Evaluation	189	(1)
Due Process	190	(1)
Education in the Least Restrictive Environment	190	(1)
Individualized Education Program	191	(1)
Mainstreaming versus Self-Contained Classrooms	191	(2)
Educational Strategies for Students with Disabilities	193	(1)
Gifted and Talented Students	193	(3)
Characteristics of Gifted Students	193	(1)
Psychological Needs of Gifted Students	194	(1)
Twice Exceptional Students	195	(1)
Culturally Diverse Gifted Students	195	(1)
Intelligence Testing	196	(7)
History of Intelligence Testing	196	(4)
The Norms of the Test	200	(1)
The Language of the Test	200	(1)
The Context of the Tests	201	(1)
Student Attitudes about Test Taking	201	(1)
Teaching Strategies That Improve Test Taking	202	(1)
Bilingual Education Programs	203	(3)
History of Bilingual Education	203	(3)
Strategies for Teaching Bilingual Students	206	(1)
School Reform Movement	206	(8)
Comprehensive School Reform Demonstration Project	207	(1)
Comprehensive School Reform Demonstration Models	208	(2)
Evaluation of School Reform Models	210	(1)
Title I Programs	211	(1)
Reading Recovery	212	(1)
Head Start	212	(2)
Summary	214	(1)
References	215	(2)
Chapter Eight: Print and Nonprint Resources in Elementary Education	217	(24)
Print Resources	217	(13)
Early Childhood Resources (Preschool-Grade 2)	217	(4)
Elementary Education Resources (Grade 3-Grade 6)	221	(2)
Bilingual Education	223	(1)
Multicultural Education	223	(2)
Gifted Education	225	(4)
Textbooks	229	(1)
Journals	229	(1)
Nonprint Resources	230	(11)
Internet	230	(11)
Glossary	241	(6)
Index	247	(14)
About the Authors	261