Encapsulation is a process prevalent from the earliest times when living creatures were engulfed in a suitable shell to protect them from the environment and enemies. These natural processes are well understood and have been applied to numerous processes in pharmaceutical, food, agriculture, and cosmetic industries. This, thus, allows one to combine the properties of the various components along with the time point of combination, if the release from such capsules can be controlled. In the recent past, owing to the increased understanding of the material properties and behaviors at nano-scale, the research in the encapsulation field has also moved to the generation of nano-capsules, nano-containers etc. One such example is the generation of self-healing nano-containers containing corrosion inhibitors which can be used in the anti-corrosion coatings. The processes used to generate such capsules have also undergone significant developments. Various technologies based on chemical, physical and physic-chemical synthesis methods have been developed and applied successfully to generate encapsulated materials. Owing to the high potential of the developed technologies and products in a large number of commercial processes, it is of significance to compile the recent technological advancements in a comprehensive volume. This volume would not only introduce the subject of encapsulation to the readers new to this field, but also would serve as a reference for the experts working in this area.