Environmental Enrichment For Captive Animals

by Young, Robert J.

• ISBN13: 9780632064076
• ISBN10: 0632064072
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-12-02
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

Environmental enrichment is a simple and effective means of improving animal welfare in any species - companion, farm, laboratory and zoo. For many years, it has been a popular area of research, and has attracted the attention and concerns of animal keepers and carers, animal industry professionals, academics, students and pet owners all over the world. This book is the first to integrate scientific knowledge and principles to show how environmental enrichment can be used on different types of animal. Filling a major gap, it considers the history of animal keeping, legal issues and ethics, right through to a detailed exploration of whether environmental enrichment actually works, the methods involved, and how to design and manage programmes. The first book in a major new animal welfare series Draws together a large amount of research on different animals Provides detailed examples and case studies An invaluable reference tool for all those who work with or study animals in captivity

Author Biography

Robert Young is currently Professor of Animal Behaviour at PUC-Minas (Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais) in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil where he works on environmental enrichment in zoos and conducts field research on a number of different species. He has given lectures, workshops and mini-courses on the subject of environmental enrichment in the UK, USA, Denmark, Russia and Brazil.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
Acknowledgements	p. xi
Environmental Enrichment: an Historical Perspective	p. 1
Definitions	p. 1
A Short History of Animal Keeping	p. 3
Two Approaches to Environmental Enrichment	p. 7
Animal Welfare and Environmental Enrichment	p. 11
Developmental Psychology	p. 13
The Animal Rights Movement	p. 13
The Animal Welfare Movement	p. 15
The Five Freedoms: a Central Concept in Animal Welfare	p. 16
Animal-welfare Indicators	p. 18
Conclusion	p. 19
Why Bother with Environmental Enrichment?	p. 20
Why Use Enrichment?	p. 20
Justifying Enrichment	p. 21
The Ethical Imperative for Environmental Enrichment	p. 22
Zoos: a Special Case for Enrichment	p. 27
Care-givers and Enrichment	p. 29
Conclusion	p. 30
Does Environmental Enrichment Work?	p. 31
The Evidence	p. 31
How does Enrichment Improve Animal Welfare?	p. 43
Proactive v. Reactive use of Environmental Enrichment	p. 45
What Animals Want	p. 45
Prioritising Environmental Enrichment	p. 48
Solving Animal-welfare Problems using Environmental Enrichment	p. 51
Summary: Treating Welfare Problems	p. 53
Designing an Enrichment Device	p. 54
Identifying What You Want to Do	p. 54
Importance of Species-specific Behaviour	p. 54
Rewards and Schedules of Reward	p. 58
Cosmetic Design Considerations	p. 61
Safety Considerations	p. 62
Discussion and Summary of the Product Design Process	p. 66
The Enrichment Programme	p. 68
Setting Goals	p. 68
The Enrichment Diary	p. 70
The Enrichment Manual	p. 71
Changing Animal Care-giver Attitudes	p. 74
Conclusion	p. 75
Enrichment for Different Categories of Animals	p. 76
Companion Animals	p. 76
Farm Animals	p. 79
Laboratory Animals	p. 81
Zoo Animals	p. 83
Conclusion	p. 84
Food and Foraging Enrichment	p. 85
What is Food?	p. 85
How Animals Forage and Feed	p. 86
Feeding in General	p. 100
The Sensory Qualities of Food	p. 102
Conclusion	p. 105
Social Environmental Enrichment	p. 107
Social Housing of Asocial Species	p. 107
Group-housing Social Species	p. 108
Behavioural Development and Socialisation	p. 111
Rehabilitation and Group Formation	p. 112
Managing Social Behaviour	p. 113
Solitary Housing of Social Species	p. 115
The Value of Human-Animal Contact	p. 116
The Value of Contraspecific Contact	p. 118
Limited Physical Contact	p. 118
Visual, Auditory and Olfactory Contact	p. 119
Conclusion	p. 120
Housing	p. 122
Looking at Species and Housing Levels	p. 122
A Substrate Approach to Housing	p. 123
A Bottom-up Approach to Housing	p. 124
Barriers: Keeping People Out and Animals In	p. 130
The World Outside the Enclosure	p. 136
Conclusion	p. 141
Furniture, Toys and Other Objects	p. 142
Furniture	p. 142
Furniture Design and Behaviour	p. 145
Toys and Novel Objects	p. 147
Alternatives to Static Homes	p. 151
Conclusion	p. 153
Designing and Analysing Enrichment Studies	p. 155
Experimental Design	p. 155
Statistical Analysis	p. 158
Example Experimental Design and Associated Statistical Analyses	p. 162
Has Animal Welfare been Improved?	p. 165
Information Sources about Environmental Enrichment	p. 166
Books	p. 166
Pet Books	p. 169
Journals	p. 171
Magazines	p. 173
Organisations	p. 173
Videos and Television	p. 176
Information Sources on the World Wide Web	p. 177
Enrichment Manuals, Lists and CD-ROMs	p. 179
Conferences	p. 180
Training Courses	p. 181
University Courses	p. 181
Competitions	p. 182
Suppliers	p. 183
End-note	p. 183
References	p. 184
Glossary	p. 220
Index	p. 223
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