Environmental Ethics Readings in Theory and Application

by Pojman, Louis P.

• ISBN13: 9780534543716
• ISBN10: 0534543715
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-03-23
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

The most comprehensive introduction to environmental ethics available, ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS offers students a current look at the issues and topics that dominate the field today, organized into two main parts that take students seamlessly from theory to application. This Fifth Edition of the Pojmans' popular anthology, like its predecessors, includes numerous topic areas not covered in other anthologies-including an all-new section on Climate Change. Featuring articles carefully selected for clarity and accessibility, the text follows a dialogic pro-con format presenting divergent positions on each topic, ensuring that students are both exposed to and understand both sides of every topic so they can develop their own informed positions. The bulk of royalties for this book are donated to groups dedicated to protecting the environment, such as the Wilderness Society and the Sierra Club.

Author Biography

Louis P. Pojman teaches philosophy at the U.S. Military Academy in West Point, N.Y. He received his Ph.D. from Oxford University.

Table of Contents

Preface	vii
Introduction: On Ethics and Environmental Concerns	1	(2)
What Is Ethics?	3	(2)
PART ONE: Theory	5	(292)
Western Philosophy of Nature: The Roots of Our Ecological Situation	10	(19)
Genesis 1--3	11	(2)
The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis	13	(6)
Lynn White
The Cultural Basis of Our Environmental Crisis	19	(5)
Lewis W. Moncrief
The Judeo-Christian Stewardship Attitude to Nature	24	(5)
Patrick Dobel
Animal Rights	29	(46)
Rational Beings Alone Have Moral Worth	31	(2)
Immanuel Kant
A Utilitarian Defense of Animal Liberation	33	(7)
Peter Singer
The Radical Egalitarian Case for Animal Rights	40	(6)
Tom Regan
A Critique of Regan's Animal Rights Theory	46	(5)
Mary Anne Warren
Animal Liberation: A Triangular Affair	51	(11)
J. Baird Callicott
What Animal Liberation Is and Isn't About	62	(7)
S. F. Sapontzis
Against Zoos	69	(6)
Dale Jamieson
Does Nature Have Intrinsic Value? Biocentric and Ecocentric Ethics and Deep Ecology	75	(114)
Does Nature Have Intrinsic Value?	76	(1)
Naturalizing Values: Organisms and Species	76	(10)
Holmes Ralston III
Comments of Holmes Rolston's ``Naturalizing Values''	86	(3)
Ned Hettinger
Nature	89	(6)
John Stuart Mill
Biocentric Ethics	95	(1)
Reverence for Life	95	(5)
Albert Schweitzer
Biocentric Egalitarianism	100	(12)
Paul Taylor
On Being Morally Considerable	112	(7)
Kenneth Goodpaster
Ecocentric Ethics	119	(1)
Ecocentrism: The Land Ethic	119	(7)
Aldo Leopold
The Conceptual Foundations of the Land Ethic	126	(10)
J. Baird Callicott
Refocusing Ecocentrism: De-emphasizing Stability and Defending Wildness	136	(11)
Ned Hettinger
Bill Throop
Deep Ecology	147	(1)
The Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecological Movement	147	(3)
Arne Naess
Ecosophy T: Deep Versus Shallow Ecology	150	(7)
Arne Naess
Deep Ecology	157	(5)
Bill Devall
George Sessions
A Critique of Anti-Anthropocentric Ethics	162	(6)
Richard Watson
Social Ecology Versus Deep Ecology	168	(8)
Murray Bookchin
Ecological Sensibility	176	(3)
John Rodman
Environmental Justice: Reconciling Anthropocentric and Nonanthropocentric Ethics	179	(10)
James P. Sterba
Ecofeminism and Deep Ecology	189	(16)
The Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism	189	(10)
Karen J. Warren
A Critique of Ecofeminism	199	(6)
Margarita Garcia Levin
Michael Levin
Preservation of the Species, Nature, and Natural Objects	205	(44)
Biodiversity: The Key to Saving Life on Earth	206	(2)
Donella H. Meadows
Why Do Species Matter?	208	(6)
Lilly-Marlene Russow
The Golden Rule---A Proper Scale for Our Environmental Crisis	214	(4)
Stephen Jay Gould
What's Wrong with Plastic Trees?	218	(11)
Martin H. Krieger
Faking Nature	229	(6)
Robert Elliot
The Call of the Wild: The Struggle Against Domination and the Technological Fix of Nature	235	(5)
Eric Katz
Should Trees Have Standing? Toward Legal Rights for Natural Objects	240	(9)
Christopher D. Stone
Non-Western Perspectives on Environmental Ethics	249	(29)
Satyagraha for Conservation: Awakening the Spirit of Hinduism	250	(6)
O. P. Dwivedi
The Buddhist Attitude Towards Nature	256	(4)
Lily De Silva
Islamic Environmental Ethics, Law, and Society	260	(5)
Mawil Y. Izzi Deen (Samarrai)
An African Perspective on the Environmental Crisis	265	(6)
Segun Ogungbemi
Radical Environmentalism and Wildness Preservation: A Third World Critique	271	(7)
Ramachandra Guha
Obligations to Future Generations	278	(19)
Who Cares for Posterity?	278	(6)
Garrett Hardin
Limited Obligations to Future Generations	284	(5)
Martin Golding
Energy Policy and the Further Future: The Identity Problem	289	(8)
Derek Parfit
PART TWO Practice	297	(248)
Introduction	298	(1)
Population: General Considerations	299	(56)
A Special Moment in History: The Challenge of Overpopulation and Overconsumption	302	(9)
Bill McKibben
The Tragedy of the Commons	311	(7)
Garrett Hardin
The Central Immigration Issue: How Many Americans?	318	(13)
Lindsey Grant
The Unjust War Against Population	331	(10)
Jacqueline Kasun
China's Baby Budget	341	(7)
Jodi Jacobson
Licensing Parents	348	(7)
Hugh LaFollette
Population and World Hunger	355	(29)
Lifeboat Ethics	356	(7)
Garrett Hardin
Population and Food: A Critique of Lifeboat Ethics	363	(4)
William W. Murdoch
Allan Oaten
Famine, Affluence, and Morality	367	(6)
Peter Singer
Vegetarianism and ``the Other Weight Problem''	373	(7)
James Rachels
The World Food Supply: The Damage Done by Cattle-Raising	380	(4)
Tristram Coffin
Pollution: General Considerations	384	(24)
You Are What You Breathe	386	(5)
Hilary French
We All Live in Bhopal	391	(4)
George Bradford
Against the Doomsdayers!	395	(9)
Julian Simon
People or Penguins: The Case for Optimal Pollution	404	(4)
William F. Baxter
Pesticides	408	(23)
Silent Spring	409	(4)
Rachel Carson
The Blessings of Pesticides	413	(4)
Dixy Lee Ray
Louis Guzzo
Environmental Hysteria: The Alar Scare	417	(9)
Michael Fumento
Is Silent Spring Behind Us?	426	(5)
David Pimentel
Atmospheric Conditions: The Greenhouse Effect and the Ozone Layer	431	(16)
The Heat Is On: The Greenhouse Effect	432	(7)
Christopher Flavin
The Greenhouse Effect: Hype and Hysteria	439	(8)
Dixy Lee Ray
Louis Guzzo
Economics, Ethics, and the Environment	447	(42)
Of the Stationary State	452	(3)
John Stuart Mill
Sustainable Development: Economic Myths and Ecological Realities	455	(6)
William E. Rees
Consumption: The Economics of Value Added and the Ethics of Value Distributed	461	(6)
Herman E. Daly
At the Shrine of Our Lady of Fatima, or Why Political Questions Are Not All Economic	467	(7)
Mark Sagoff
A Defense of Risk--Cost--Benefit Analysis	474	(8)
Kristin Shrader-Frechette
Neoclassical Economics and Principles of Sustainable Development	482	(7)
Robert Goodland
George Ledec
Ecology and Global Justice	489	(16)
The Rio Declaration (1992)	489	(3)
Just Garbage	492	(7)
Peter S. Wenz
Deceiving the Third World: The Myth of Catching-up Development	499	(6)
Maria Mies
From Dysfunctional to Sustainable Society	505	(40)
Dysfunctional Civilization	506	(9)
Al Gore
Environmental Risks, Rights, and the Failure of Liberal Democracy	515	(13)
Laura Westra
Environmental Ethics and Democracy: A Response to Westra	528	(5)
Eugene Hargrove
An Ecological Critique of Global Advertising	533	(6)
Alan Thein Durning
Pedaling Power: Sustainable Transportation	539	(3)
Louis P. Pojman
Strategic Monkeywrenching	542	(3)
Dave Foreman
Vision of a Sustainable World	545
Lester Brown
Christopher Flavin
Sandra Postel