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This text provides students with a solid understanding of the relationship between the structure, processing, and properties of materials. Authors Donald Askeland and Pradeep Fulay teach the fundamental concepts of atomic structure and materials behaviors and clearly link them to the "materials" issues that students will have to deal with when they enter the industry or graduate school (e.g. design of structures, selection of materials, or materials failures). While presenting fundamental concepts and linking them to practical applications, the authors emphasize the necessary basics without overwhelming the students with too much of the underlying chemistry or physics. The book covers fundamentals in an integrated approach that emphasizes applications of new technologies that engineered materials enable. New and interdisciplinary developments in materials field such as nanomaterials, smart materials, micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) systems, and biomaterials are also discussed.

Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering Introduction
What is Materials Science and Engineering?
Classification of Materials
Functional Classification of Materials
Classification of Materials Based on Structure
Environmental and Other Effects
Materials Design and Selection
Summary
Glossary
Problems
Atomic Structure Introduction
The Structure of Materials: Technological Relevance
The Structure of the Atom
The Electronic Structure of the Atom
The Periodic Table
Atomic Bonding
Binding Energy and Interatomic Spacing
Summary
Glossary
Problems
Atomic and Ionic Arrangements Introduction
Short-Range Order Versus Long-Range Order
Amorphous Materials: Principles and Technological Applications
Lattice, Unit Cells, Basis, and Crystal Structure
Allotropic or Polymorphic Transformations
Points, Directions, and Planes in the Unit Cell
Interstitial Sites
Crystal Structures of Ionic Materials
Covalent Structures
Diffraction Techniques for Crystal Structure Analysis
Summary
Glossary
Problems
Imperfections in the Atomic and Ionic Arrangements Introduction
Point Defects
Other Point Defects
Dislocations
Significance of Dislocations
Schmid's Law
Influence of Crystal Structure
Surface Defects
Importance of Defects
Summary
Glossary
Problems
Atomic and Ionic Movements in Materials Introduction
Applications of Diffusion
Stability of Atoms and Ions
Mechanisms for Diffusion
Activation Energy for Diffusion
Rate of Diffusion (Fick's First Law)
Factors Affecting Diffusion
Permeability of Polymers
Composition Profile (Fick's Second Law)
Diffusion and Materials Processing
Summary
Glossary
Problems
Mechanical Properties and Behavior Introduction
Technological Significance
Terminology for Mechanical Properties
The Tensile Test: Use of the Stress-Strain Diagram
Properties Obtained from the Tensile Test
True Stress and True Strain
The Bend Test for Brittle Materials
Hardness of Materials
Strain Rate Effects and Impact Behavior
Properties Obtained from the Impact Test
Summary
Glossary
Problems
Fracture Mechanics Introduction
Fracture Mechanics
The Importance of Fracture Mechanics
Microstructural Features of Fracture in Metallic Materials
Microstructural Features of Fractures in Ceramics, Glasses, and Composites
Weibull Statistics for Failure Strength Analysis
Fatigue
Results of the Fatigue Test
Application of Fatigue Testing
Creep, Stress Rupture, and Stress Corrosion
Evaluation of Creep Behavior
Summary
Glossary
Problems
Strain Hardening and Annealing Introduction
Relationship of Cold Working to the Stress-Strain Curve
Strain-Hardening Mechanisms
Properties Versus Percent Cold Work
Microstructure, Texture Strengthening, and Residual Stresses
Characteristics of Cold Working
The Three Stages of Annealing
Control of Annealing
Annealing and Materials Processing
Hot Working
Summary
Glossary
Problems
Principles of Solidification Introduction
Technological Significance
Nucleation
Growth Mechanisms
Cooling Curves
Cast Structure
Solidification Defects
Casting Processes for Manufacturing Components
Continuous Casting, Ingot Casting, and Single Crystal Growth
Solidification of Polymers and Inorganic Glasses
Joining of Metallic Materials
Summary
Glossary
Problems
Solid Solutions and Phase Equilibrium Introduction
Phases and the Phase Diagram
Solubility and Solid Solutions
Conditions for Unlimited Solid Solubility
Solid-Solution Strengthening
Isomorphous Phase Diagrams
Relationship Between Properties and the Phase Diagram
Solidification of a Solid-Solution Alloy
Summary
Glossary
Problems
Dispersion Strengthening and Eutectic Phase Diagram Introduction
Principles and Examples of Dispersion Strengthening
Intermetallic Compounds
Phase Diagrams Containing Three-Phase Reactions
The Eutectic Phase Diagram
Strength of Eutectic Alloys
Eutectics and Materials Processing
Nonequilibrium Freezing in the Eutectic System
Summary
Glossary
Problems
Dispersion Strengthening by Phase Transformations and Heat Treatment Introduction
Nucleation and Growth in Solid-State Reactions
Alloys Strengthened by Exceeding the Solubility Limit
Age or Precipitation Hardening
Applications of Age-Hardened Alloys
Microstructural Evolution in Age or Precipitation Hardening
Effects of Aging Temperature and Time
Requirements for Age Hardening
Use of Age-Hardenable Alloys at High Temperatures
The Eutectoid Reaction
Controlling the Eutectoid Reaction
The Martensitic Reaction and Tempering
Summary
Glossary
Problems
Heat Treatment of Steels and Cast Irons Introduction
Designation and Classifications for Steels
Simple Heat Treatments
Isothermal Heat Treatments
Quench and Temper Heat Treatments
Effect of Alloying Elements
Application of Hardenability
Special Steels
Surface Treatments
Weldability of Steel
Stainless Steels
Cast Irons
Summary
Glossary
Problems
Nonferrous Alloys Introduction
Aluminum Alloys
Magnesium and Beryllium Alloys
Copper Alloys
Nickel and Cobalt Alloys
Titanium Alloys
Refractory and Precious Metals
Summary
Glossary
Problems
Ceramic Materials Introduction
Applications of Ceramics
Properties of Ceramics
Synthesis and Processing of Ceramic Powders
Characteristics of Sintered Ceramics
Inorganic Glasses
Glass-Ceramics
Processing and Applications of Clay Products
Refractories
Other Ceramic Materials
Summary
Glossary
Problems
Polymers Introduction
Classification of Polymers
Addition and Condensation Polymerization
Degree of Polymerization
Typical Thermoplastics
Structure-Property Relationships in Thermoplastics
Effect of Temperature on Thermoplastics
Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastics
Elastomers (Rubbers)
Thermosetting Polymers
Adhesives
Polymer Processing and Recycling
Summary
Glossary
Problems
Composites: Teamwork and Synergy in Materials Introduction
Dispersion-Strengthened Composites
Particulate Composites
Fiber-Reinforced Composites
Characteristics of Fiber-Reinforced Composites
Manufacturing Fibers and Composites
Fiber-Reinforced Systems and Applications
Laminar Composite Materials
Examples and Applications of Laminar Composites
Sandwich Structures
Summary
Glossary
Problems
Selected Physical Properties of Metals
The Atomic and Ionic Radii of Selected Elements Answers to Selected Problems
Index
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Essentials of Materials Science & Engineering

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