Ethics

by Thiroux, Jacques

Edition:

6th

ISBN13:

9780137542925

ISBN10:

0137542925

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

10/1/1997

Publisher(s):

Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference

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What version or edition is this?

This is the 6th edition with a publication date of 10/1/1997.

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Summary

This text introduces students with little or no background in philosophy or ethics to traditional and contemporary ethical theory. Through an abundance of examples and case studies, it shows them how to set up their own systematic, rational ethics and how to apply ethical theories to traditional and contemporary moral issues.

Preface

xiii

Chapter 1 What Is Morality?

(34)

Objectives

(1)

What is Philosophy and Ethics' Relationship to It?

(1)

Key Terms

(4)

Approaches to the Study of Morality

(2)

Morality and Its Applications

(5)

Where Does Morality Come From?

(4)

Customary or Traditional and Reflective Morality

(2)

Morality, Law, and Religion

(6)

Why Should Human Beings Be Moral?

(3)

Chapter Summary

(3)

Exercises for Review

(1)

Discussion Questions

(1)

Notes

(1)

Supplementary Reading

(2)

Chapter 2 Consequentialist (Teleological) Theories of Morality

(20)

Objectives

(1)

Psychological Egoism

(2)

Ethical Egoism

(5)

Utilitarianism

(5)

Difficulty with Consequentialist Theories in General

(1)

Chapter Summary

(2)

Exercises for Review

(1)

Discussion Questions

(1)

Notes

(1)

Supplementary Reading

(2)

Chapter 3 Nonconsequentialist (Deontological) Theories of Morality and Virtue Ethics

(28)

Objectives

(1)

Act Nonconsequentialist Theories

(3)

Rule Nonconsequentialist Theories

(7)

General Criticisms of Nonconsequentialist Theories

(2)

Virtue Ethics

(6)

Conclusions

(1)

Chapter Summary

(3)

Exercises for Review

(1)

Discussion Questions

(1)

Notes

(1)

Supplementary Reading

(2)

Chapter 4 Absolutism versus Relativism

(18)

Objectives

(1)

The Meaning of "Absolute"

(1)

The Meaning of "Relative"

(1)

Cultural Relativism and Cultural Absolutism

(2)

Propositions and Truth

(8)

Conclusion

(1)

Chapter Summary

(2)

Exercises for Review

(1)

Discussion Questions

(1)

Notes

(1)

Supplementary Reading

(2)

Chapter 5 Freedom versus Determinism

101

(20)

Objectives

101

(1)

Meaning of Determinism

102

(1)

Types and Theories of Determinism

102

(6)

Fatalism and Hard and Soft Determinism

108

(2)

Indeterminism

110

(1)

Criticisms of Hard Determinism and Arguments for Freedom

111

(3)

Conclusion: Soft Determinism

114

(1)

Chapter Summary

115

(3)

Exercises for Review

118

(1)

Discussion Questions

118

(1)

Notes

119

(1)

Supplementary Reading

119

(2)

Chapter 6 Reward and Punishment

121

(32)

Objectives

121

(1)

Definition of Key Terms

121

(1)

Reward and Punishment in Relationship to Justice

122

(1)

Elements of Justice

123

(1)

Reward

124

(7)

Punishment

131

(2)

Theories of Punishment

133

(10)

Is Synthesis Possible?

143

(2)

Chapter Summary

145

(5)

Exercises for Review

150

(1)

Discussion Questions

150

(1)

Notes

151

(1)

Supplementary Reading

151

(2)

Chapter 7 Setting Up a Moral System: Basic Assumptions and Basic Principles

153

(28)

Objectives

153

(1)

Conflicting General Moral Issues

154

(1)

Basic Assumptions

155

(5)

Basic Principles, Individual Freedom, and Their Justification

160

(10)

Priority of the Basic Principles

170

(1)

A General Way of Determining Priority--Two Categories

170

(4)

How the System of Humanitarian Ethics Works

174

(2)

Conclusion

176

(1)

Chapter Summary

177

(2)

Exercises for Review

179

(1)

Discussion Questions

179

(1)

Note

180

(1)

Supplementary Reading

180

(1)

Chapter 8 The Taking of Human Life

181

(31)

Objectives

181

(1)

The Taking of Human Life

182

(1)

Suicide

182

(3)

Cases for Study and Discussion

185

(1)

Defense of the Innocent (the Self Included)

186

(1)

Cases for Study and Discussion

187

(1)

War

188

(3)

Terrorism

191

(1)

Cases for Study and Discussion

192

(1)

Capital Punishment

193

(5)

Cases for Study and Discussion

198

(1)

Chapter Summary

199

(2)

Exercises for Review

201

(1)

Views of Major Ethical Theories on the Taking of Human Life

202

(1)

Suicide

202

(2)

Defense of the Innocent

204

(2)

War and Terrorism

206

(2)

Capital Punishment

208

(2)

Reader Reactions

210

(1)

Notes

210

(1)

Supplementary Reading

210

(2)

Chapter 9 Allowing Someone to Die, Mercy Death, and Mercy Killing

212

(52)

Objectives

212

(1)

Definition of Terms

213

(1)

Current Legal Status of Mercy Death and Mercy Killing

214

(2)

Allowing Someone to Die

216

(24)

Cases for Study and Discussion

240

(2)

Mercy Death

242

(8)

Cases for Study and Discussion

250

(1)

Mercy Killing

251

(3)

Cases for Study and Discussion

254

(1)

Chapter Summary

255

(5)

Exercises for Review

260

(1)

Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Allowing Someone to Die, Mercy Death, and Mercy Killing

260

(1)

Notes

261

(1)

Supplementary Reading

261

(3)

Chapter 10 Abortion

264

(26)

Objectives

264

(1)

Introduction to the Abortion Issue

265

(3)

When Does Human Life Begin?

268

(2)

Arguments Against Abortion

270

(4)

Arguments for Abortion

274

(5)

The More Moderate Positions on Abortion

279

(3)

Cases for Study and Discussion

282

(2)

Chapter Summary

284

(3)

Exercises for Review

287

(1)

Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Abortion

287

(1)

Notes

287

(1)

Supplementary Reading

288

(2)

Chapter 11 Lying, Cheating, Breaking Promises, and Stealing

290

(33)

Objectives

290

(1)

Introduction

290

(1)

Definitions of Key Terms

291

(1)

Nonconsequentialist and Consequentialist Views

292

(2)

Lying

294

(7)

Cases for Study and Discussion

301

(1)

Cheating

302

(3)

Cases for Study and Discussion

305

(1)

Breaking Promises

306

(4)

Cases for Study and Discussion

310

(2)

Stealing

312

(3)

Cases for Study and Discussion

315

(2)

Chapter Summary

317

(3)

Exercises for Review

320

(1)

Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Lying, Cheating, Breaking Promises, and Stealing

321

(1)

Notes

321

(1)

Supplementary Reading

321

(2)

Chapter 12 Morality, Marriage, and Human Sexuality

323

(33)

Objectives

323

(1)

Major Aspects of Human Sexuality

323

(1)

The Meaning and Purposes of Human Sexuality

324

(5)

Premarital Sex

329

(4)

Sex in Marriage-Type (Including Nonlegal) Relationships

333

(8)

Masturbation

341

(1)

Pornography

341

(2)

Prostitution

343

(1)

Sexual Perversion or "Unnatural" Sexual Activity

344

(1)

Cases for Study and Discussion

345

(1)

Chapter Summary

346

(6)

Exercises for Review

352

(1)

Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Morality, Human Sexuality, and Marriage

353

(1)

Notes

353

(1)

Supplementary Reading

353

(3)

Chapter 13 Bioethics--Ethical Issues in Medicine

356

(33)

Objectives

356

(1)

Introduction and Definition of Terms

357

(1)

Health Care Professionals and Patients and Their Families--Rights and Obligations

357

(5)

Truth Telling and Informed Consent

362

(5)

Confidentiality

367

(2)

Guilt and Innocence in Treating Patients

369

(1)

Ethical Issues in Medicine

369

(5)

Cases for Study and Discussion

374

(3)

Chapter Summary

377

(7)

Exercises for Review

384

(1)

Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Bioethical Issues

385

(1)

Notes

385

(1)

Supplementary Reading

385

(4)

Chapter 14 Business Ethics

389

(28)

Objectives

389

(1)

Introduction

390

(1)

Rights and Obligations in Business

390

(1)

Two Ways of Approaching Rights and Obligations in Business

391

(2)

The Moderate Position

393

(1)

Justice, Truth Telling, and Honesty in Business

394

(1)

Ethical Issues in Business

395

(6)

Sexual Harassment

401

(4)

Cases for Study and Discussion

405

(4)

Chapter Summary

409

(5)

Exercises for Review

414

(1)

Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Business Ethics

415

(1)

Notes

415

(1)

Supplementary Reading

415

(2)

Chapter 15 Environmental Ethics

417

(29)

Objectives

417

(1)

Key Terms

418

(1)

Nature and Morality

418

(1)

Environmental Ethical Issues

419

(2)

Our Attitude Toward Nature and What Lies Behind it

421

(3)

Arguments for Use and Exploitation of the Natural Environment

424

(1)

Arguments Against the Use and Exploitation of Nature

425

(2)

Moderate Position

427

(1)

Criteria for Animal Rights

427

(2)

Ways of Dealing with Animal Rights

429

(1)

Use of Animals for Food

430

(1)

Use of Animals for Experimentation

431

(2)

Killing Animals for Sport

433

(2)

Protection of Endangered Species

435

(1)

Conclusion

436

(1)

Cases for Study and Discussion

436

(2)

Chapter Summary

438

(5)

Exercises for Review

443

(1)

Views of the Major Ethical Theories on Environmental Ethics

444

(1)

Notes

444

(1)

Supplementary Reading

444

(2)

Appendixes Introduction

446

(1)

Appendix 1 Applying Humanitarian Ethics to the Moral Problems of the Taking of Human Life

447

(12)

Appendix 2 Applying Humanitarian Ethics to the Moral Problems of Allowing Someone to Die, Mercy Death, and Mercy Killing

459

(9)

Appendix 3 Applying Humanitarian Ethics to the Moral Problems of Abortion

468

(11)

Appendix 4 Applying Humanitarian Ethics to the Moral Problems of Lying, Cheating, Breaking Promises, and Stealing

479

(9)

Appendix 5 Applying Humanitarian Ethics to the Moral Problems of Human Sexuality

488

(7)

Appendix 6 Applying Humanitarian Ethics to Moral Problems in Medicine (Bioethics)

495

(8)

Appendix 7 Applying Humanitarian Ethics to Moral Problems in Business (Business Ethics)

503

(7)

Appendix 8 Applying Humanitarian Ethics to Environmental Ethics

510

(5)

Glossary

515

(16)

Index

531

Ethics

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