Ethics in Crime and Justice : Dilemmas and Decisions

by POLLOCK

• ISBN13: 9780534507930
• ISBN10: 053450793X
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1997-08-05
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

This text provides readers with the information needed to solve moral dilemmas within the complicated criminal justice system. It begins with a straightforward presentation of the major ethical systems followed by a discussion of moral development and the ideal of justice. The book includes not only philosophical information but practical applications as well, because of the issue-based approach, which allows each student to make individual decisions.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
1 MORALITY, ETHICS, AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR	1	(23)
Why Study Ethics?	2	(4)
Defining Terms	6	(9)
Morals and Ethics	6	(1)
Making Moral Judgments	7	(5)
Duties	12	(1)
Values	13	(2)
Morality and the Law	15	(2)
Regulations, Standards, and Ethics	16	(1)
Morality and Behavior	17	(1)
Analyzing Ethical Dilemmas	18	(3)
Conclusion	21	(1)
Review Questions	21	(1)
Ethical Dilemmas	22	(1)
Suggested Readings	23	(1)
2 DETERMINING MORAL BEHAVIOR	24	(33)
Ethical Systems	26	(1)
Deontological and Teleological Ethical Systems	27	(10)
Ethical Formalism	28	(4)
Utilitarianism	32	(5)
Other Ethical Systems	37	(12)
Religion	37	(4)
Natural Law	41	(2)
The Ethics of Virtue	43	(3)
The Ethics of Care	46	(1)
Egoism	47	(2)
Relativism and Absolutism	49	(2)
Toward a Resolution: Situational Ethics	51	(3)
Resulting Concerns	53	(1)
Conclusion	54	(1)
Review Questions	55	(1)
Ethical Dilemmas	55	(1)
Suggested Readings	56	(1)
3 DEVELOPING MORAL AND ETHICAL BEHAVIOR	57	(28)
Psychological Theories of Moral Development	58	(10)
Kohlberg's Moral Stages	59	(2)
Critics of Kohlberg	61	(4)
Learning Theory and Behaviorism	65	(2)
Other Approaches	67	(1)
Ethics, Behavior, and Criminality	68	(13)
Predicting Behavior	69	(2)
Teaching Ethics	71	(1)
Research Applications	72	(1)
Teaching Ethics in Criminal Justice	73	(3)
Morality, Criminology, and Offender Populations	76	(5)
Conclusion	81	(1)
Review Questions	82	(1)
Ethical Dilemmas	83	(1)
Suggested Readings	83	(2)
4 JUSTICE AND THE LAW	85	(48)
Origins of the Concept of Justice	87	(1)
Components of Justice	88	(25)
Distributive Justice	90	(8)
Corrective Justice	98	(15)
Paradigms of Law	113	(5)
The Consensus Paradigm	113	(1)
The Conflict Paradigm	114	(4)
Law and Social Control	118	(5)
Legal Paternalism	119	(2)
Legal Moralism	121	(2)
Immoral Laws and the Moral Person	123	(7)
The Criminal Justice Professional	127	(3)
Conclusion	130	(1)
Review Questions	131	(1)
Ethical Dilemmas	131	(1)
Suggested Readings	132	(1)
5 ETHICS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT	133	(29)
The Police Role in Society	135	(3)
Crime Fighter or Public Servant?	137	(1)
Authority and Power	138	(2)
Formal Ethics for Police Officers	140	(11)
The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics	140	(3)
The Police Subculture and Formal Ethics	143	(8)
Discretion and Duty	151	(9)
Use of Discretion	152	(1)
Discretion and Discrimination	153	(4)
The Limits of Duty	157	(3)
Conclusion	160	(1)
Review Questions	160	(1)
Ethical Dilemmas	160	(1)
Suggested Readings	161	(1)
6 LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICES	162	(42)
Graft and Gratuities	163	(11)
The Incidence of Graft	165	(2)
The Ethics of Gratuities	167	(7)
Deception in Investigation and Interrogation	174	(13)
The Use of Undercover Officers	177	(3)
The Use of Informants	180	(3)
Justifications for Undercover Operations	183	(3)
Deception in Interrogation	186	(1)
Coercion and the Use of Force	187	(10)
Loyalty and Whistleblowing	193	(4)
Training and Management Issues	197	(4)
Change Efforts	197	(3)
Ethical Leadership	200	(1)
Conclusion	201	(1)
Review Questions	202	(1)
Ethical Dilemmas	202	(1)
Suggested Readings	203	(1)
7 ETHICS AND LEGAL PROFESSIONALS	204	(31)
First, Let's Kill All the Lawyers	205	(2)
Perceptions of Judicial Processing	207	(4)
Ethical Issues for Legal Professionals	211	(8)
The Attorney-Client Relationship	215	(1)
A Higher Standard of Behavior?	216	(1)
The Use of Discretion	217	(2)
Ethical Issues for Defense Attorneys	219	(13)
Responsibility to the Client	221	(1)
Confidentiality	222	(4)
Conflicts of Interest	226	(1)
Zealous Defense	227	(5)
Conclusion	232	(1)
Review Questions	233	(1)
Ethical Dilemmas	233	(1)
Suggested Readings	234	(1)
8 THE ETHICS OF PROSECUTION	235	(22)
Ethical Issues for Prosecutors	236	(13)
Use of Discretion	236	(3)
Conflicts of Interest	239	(1)
Plea Bargaining	240	(1)
Media Relations	241	(2)
Zealous Prosecution	243	(2)
Expert Witnesses	245	(2)
Prosecutorial Misconduct	247	(2)
Ethical Issues for Judges	249	(5)
Ethical Guidelines	249	(1)
Use of Discretion	249	(3)
Judicial Misconduct	252	(2)
Conclusion	254	(1)
Review Questions	254	(1)
Ethical Dilemmas	255	(1)
Suggested Readings	256	(1)
9 THE ETHICS OF PUNISHMENT AND CORRECTIONS	257	(30)
Rationales for Punishment and Corrections	259	(13)
Retribution	262	(2)
Prevention	264	(5)
The Justice Model and the Just Deserts Model	269	(2)
Restorative Justice	271	(1)
Ethical Frameworks for Corrections	272	(4)
Utilitarianism	273	(1)
Ethical Formalism	274	(1)
Ethics of Care	275	(1)
Rawlsian Ethics	276	(1)
Punishment and Treatment Alternatives	276	(5)
Humane Punishment	277	(1)
Capital Punishment	278	(3)
Community Corrections	281	(1)
Private Corrections	282	(2)
Conclusion	284	(1)
Review Questions	285	(1)
Ethical Dilemmas	285	(1)
Suggested Readings	286	(1)
10 ETHICS FOR CORRECTIONAL PROFESSIONALS	287	(38)
Correctional Professionals	288	(2)
Use of Discretion and Authority	288	(1)
Use of Authority and Power	289	(1)
Correctional Officers	290	(16)
The Correctional Officer Subculture	292	(2)
Relationships with Inmates	294	(3)
Use of Force	297	(1)
Loyalty and Whistleblowing	298	(1)
General Conduct and the "Good Officer"	299	(3)
Corruption	302	(2)
Jail Officers	304	(2)
Treatment Staff	306	(4)
Probation and Parole Officers	310	(9)
Use of Discretion	311	(2)
Officer Subculture	313	(2)
Caseload Supervision	315	(2)
Corruption	317	(2)
Management Issues	319	(2)
Conclusion	321	(1)
Review Questions	322	(1)
Ethical Dilemmas	323	(1)
Suggested Readings	324	(1)
11 POLICY MAKING AND ETHICAL DECISION MAKING IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE	325	(22)
Ethics and Criminal Justice	326	(3)
Policy Making in Criminal Justice	329	(6)
Ideologies of Liberalism and Conservatism	330	(3)
Myths and Reality in Criminal Justice	333	(1)
Criminal Justice Researchers--Participants in Myth Making?	333	(2)
Ethical Leadership	335	(2)
Individual Decision Making	337	(7)
Why Be Ethical?	344	(1)
Review Questions	345	(1)
Ethical Dilemmas	346	(1)
GLOSSARY	347	(4)
BIBLIOGRAPHY	351	(12)
NAME INDEX	363	(4)
SUBJECT INDEX	367