Ethics in Crime and Justice : Dilemmas and Decisions

by Pollock, Joycelyn M.

Edition:

4th

ISBN13:

9780534563493

ISBN10:

053456349X

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

8/22/2003

Publisher(s):

Cengage Learning

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This is the 4th edition with a publication date of 8/22/2003.

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Summary

1. Morality, Ethics, and Human Behavior. 2. Determining Moral Behavior. 3. Developing Moral and Ethical Behavior. 4. Justice and the Law. 5. Further Issues in Retributive Justice. 6. The Ethics of Social Control. 7. Corruption and the "Code". 8. Ethics and Law Enforcement Practices. 9. Ethics and Legal Professionals. 10. Special Issues for Prosecutors and Judges. 11. The Ethics of Punishment and Corrections. 12. Ethics for Correctional Professionals. 13. Corrections in the Community. 14. Criminal Justice Policy.

PREFACE

xii

1 MORALITY, ETHICS, AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR

(25)

Why study Ethics?

(5)

Defining Terms

(7)

Morals and Ethics

(2)

Making Moral Judgments

(3)

Duties

(1)

Values

(2)

Morality and the Law

(6)

Criminal Culpability/Moral Culpability

(3)

Regulations, Standards, and Rules

(2)

Morality and Behavior

(1)

Analyzing Ethical Dilemmas

(2)

Conclusion

(1)

Review Questions

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

(1)

Suggested Readings

(1)

2 DETERMINING MORAL BEHAVIOR

(26)

Ethical Systems

(1)

Deontological and Teleological Ethical Systems

(6)

Ethical Formalism

(3)

Utilitarianism

(3)

Other Ethical Systems

(9)

Religion

(3)

Natural Law

(1)

The Ethics of Virtue

(3)

The Ethics of Care

(1)

Egoism

(1)

Relativism and Absolutism

(2)

Toward a Resolution: Situational Ethics

(2)

Resulting Concerns

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

Review Questions

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

(1)

Suggested Readings

(1)

3 DEVELOPING MORAL AND ETHICAL BEHAVIOR

(25)

Theories of Moral Development

(1)

Biological Theories

(10)

Learning Theory

(2)

Developmental Theories

(7)

Ethics, Behavior, and Criminality

(10)

Predicting Behavior

(1)

Teaching Ethics

(3)

Teaching Ethics in Criminal Justice

(2)

Morality, Criminology, and Offender

Populations

(4)

Conclusion

(1)

Review Questions

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

(1)

Suggested Readings

(1)

4 JUSTICE AND THE LAW

(28)

Origins of the Concept of Justice

(1)

Components of Justice

(17)

Distributive Justice

(6)

Corrective Justice

(10)

Paradigms of Law

(5)

The Consensus Paradigm

(1)

The Conflict Paradigm

(3)

Conclusion

102

(1)

Review Questions

103

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

103

(1)

Suggested Readings

104

(1)

5 FURTHER ISSUES IN RETRIBUTIVE JUSTICE

105

(27)

Law and Social Control

106

(5)

Legal Paternalism

107

(1)

Legal Moralism

108

(3)

Criminal and Moral Culpability

111

(6)

Punishing the Mentally Ill

111

(2)

Punishing juveniles

113

(3)

Punishing White-Collar Criminals

116

(1)

Victim's Rights

117

(6)

Victim Precipitation

122

(1)

Restorative Justice

122

(1)

Immoral Laws and the Moral Person

123

(7)

The Criminal Justice Professional

127

(1)

Balancing Law and Justice

128

(2)

Conclusion

130

(1)

Review Questions

130

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

131

(1)

Suggested Readings

131

(1)

6 THE ETHICS OF SOCIAL CONTROL

132

(34)

The Police Role in Society

134

(4)

Crime Fighter or Public Servant?

134

(4)

Authority and Power

138

(1)

Formal Ethics for Police Officers

139

(11)

The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics

140

(4)

The Police Subculture and Formal Ethics

144

(6)

Discretion, Discrimination, and Duty

150

(11)

Discretion

150

(3)

Discrimination

153

(5)

Duty

158

(3)

Crime Fighter and Pubic Servant?

161

(2)

Conclusion

163

(1)

Review Questions

163

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

164

(1)

Suggested Readings

165

(1)

7 CORRUPTION AND THE "CODE"

166

(30)

Types of Corruption

167

(12)

Gratuities

168

(6)

Graft

174

(1)

Sexual Harassment and Assault

175

(2)

Other Crimes

177

(2)

A Worldwide Problem

179

(1)

Excessive Force

180

(6)

Culture of Force

183

(2)

Deadly Force

185

(1)

Loyalty and Whistle blowing

186

(5)

Teleological Arguments

187

(1)

Deontological Arguments

188

(1)

Loyalty

188

(3)

Explanations of Deviance

191

(5)

Individual Explanations

191

(1)

Organizational Explanations

192

(1)

Societal Explanations

193

(1)

Conclusion

194

(1)

Review Questions

194

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

194

(1)

Suggested Readings

195

(1)

8 ETHICS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICES

196

(33)

Noble-Cause Corruption

197

(2)

Investigation

199

(12)

The Use of Undercover Officers

203

(3)

The Use of Informants

206

(2)

Justifications for Undercover Operations

208

(3)

Interrogation

211

(4)

Management Issues

215

(9)

Change Efforts

216

(4)

Ethical Leadership

220

(4)

Different Questions/Different Answers?

224

(2)

Conclusion

226

(1)

Review Questions

227

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

227

(1)

Suggested Readings

228

(1)

9 ETHICS AND LEGAL PROFESSIONALS

229

(30)

First, Let's Kill All the Lawyers

230

(2)

Perceptions of Judicial Processing

232

(4)

Ethical Issues for Legal Professionals

236

(7)

The Attorney-Client Relationship

238

(3)

A Higher Standard of Behavior?

241

(1)

The Use of Discretion

242

(1)

Ethical Issues for Defense Attorneys

243

(14)

Responsibility to the Client

245

(2)

Confidentiality

247

(4)

Conflicts of Interest

251

(2)

Zealous Defense

253

(4)

Conclusion

257

(1)

Review Questions

257

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

257

(1)

Suggested Readings

258

(1)

10 SPECIAL ISSUES FOR PROSECUTORS AND JUDGES

259

(28)

Ethical Issues for Prosecutors

260

(16)

Use of Discretion

260

(3)

Conflicts of Interest

263

(2)

Plea Bargaining

265

(1)

Media Relations

266

(1)

Expert Witnesses

267

(3)

Zealous Prosecution

270

(4)

Prosecutorial Misconduct

274

(2)

Ethical Issues for Judges

276

(8)

Ethical Guidelines

277

(1)

Use of Discretion

278

(5)

Judicial Misconduct

283

(1)

Conclusion

284

(1)

Review Questions

285

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

285

(1)

Suggested Readings

286

(1)

11 THE ETHICS OF PUNISHMENT AND CORRECTIONS

287

(28)

Rationales for Punishment and Corrections

289

(11)

Retribution

291

(4)

Prevention

295

(5)

Ethical Frameworks for Corrections

300

(3)

Utilitarianism

300

(1)

Ethical Formalism

301

(1)

Ethics of Care

302

(1)

Rawlsian Ethics

303

(1)

Punishment

303

(5)

Humane Punishment

304

(1)

Capital Punishment

305

(3)

Private Corrections

308

(4)

Conclusion

312

(1)

Review Questions

313

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

313

(1)

Suggested Readings

314

(1)

12 ETHICS FOR CORRECTIONAL PROFESSIONALS

315

(33)

Correctional Professionals

316

(1)

Correctional Officers

317

(19)

The Correctional Officer Subculture

320

(1)

Relationships with Inmates

321

(3)

General Conduct and the "Good Officer"

324

(2)

Use of Force

326

(3)

Corruption

329

(3)

Loyalty and Whistle blowing

332

(1)

Jail Officers

333

(3)

Treatment Staff

336

(3)

Management Issues

339

(6)

Correctional Management and the Courts

340

(2)

Correctional Management and Unions

342

(1)

Cross-Sex Supervision

343

(2)

Conclusion

345

(1)

Review Questions

346

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

346

(1)

Suggested Readings

347

(1)

13 CORRECTIONS IN THE COMMUNITY

348

(20)

The Concept of Community Corrections

349

(2)

Probation and Parole Officers

351

(7)

Use of Discretion

351

(2)

Probation/Parole Officer Subculture

353

(3)

Caseload Supervision

356

(2)

Corruption

358

(1)

Parole

358

(2)

A New Paradigm of Corrections?

360

(5)

Reintegrative Shaming versus Stigmatising Shaming

361

(2)

Ethical Issues in Restorative Justice

363

(2)

Conclusion

365

(1)

Review Questions

366

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

366

(1)

Suggested Readings

367

(1)

14 CRIMINAL JUSTICE POLICY

368

(23)

Policy Making in Criminal Justice

369

(5)

Ideologies of Liberalism and Conservatism

369

(3)

Myths and Reality in Criminal Justice

372

(1)

Criminal Justice Researchers-Participants in Myth Making?

373

(1)

Ethical Leadership

374

(3)

Individual Decision Making

377

(7)

Why Be Ethical?

384

(2)

Revisiting "Means-End" Thinking in Times of Trouble

386

(3)

Conclusion

389

(1)

Review Questions

389

(1)

Ethical Dilemmas

389

(1)

Suggested Readings

390

(1)

GLOSSARY

391

(6)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

397

(18)

NAME INDEX

415

(6)

SUBJECT INDEX

421

(5)

TABLE OF CASES

426

Ethics in Crime and Justice : Dilemmas and Decisions

9780534563493

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Table of Contents