The European Reformations

by Carter Lindberg (Boston University)

• ISBN13: 9781557865755
• ISBN10: 1557865752
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1996-01-01
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

This narrative description and analysis of the European Reformations of the sixteenth century begins with a chapter on the history and historiography of Reformation scholarship and concludes with an extended reflection on the Reformations' religious, social, and cultural legacies. The storyline sets the initia Reformationis in the context of late medieval social, economic, and religious crises, and traces its differentiation through a series of internal and external crises into various Reformation movements which acquired specificity through confessionalization. The conceptual interpretive framework is that of intellectual and religious history. Throughout the text the complementarity of events and structures, ideas and social forces, theology and popular religion are woven into the accounts of the reforming movements and their leaders. Along with textbook coverage of the dialectical relationship of the Reformations and early modern culture, attention is given to the Reformation's impact on attitudes and legislation concerning social welfare, education, toleration, women and the family, and Jews. The text is supplemented by twenty illustrations, maps, genealogies, a chronology, and bibliography.

Author Biography

Carter Lindberg is Professor in the School of Theology at Boston University. He has researched and written widely on the Reformation Period.

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations	x
Preface	xi
List of Abbreviations	xiv
History, Historiography, and Interpretations of the Reformations	1	(23)
History and Historiography	1	(7)
Interpretations of the Reformations	8	(14)
Suggestions for Further Reading	22	(2)
The Late Middle Ages: Threshold and Foothold of the Reformations	24	(32)
Agrarian Crisis, Famine, and Plague	25	(9)
Towns and Cities: Loci of Ideas and Change	34	(2)
The Printing Press	36	(1)
Of Mines and Militancy	37	(2)
Social Tensions	39	(2)
The Crisis of Values	41	(12)
The Western Schism	42	(4)
Conciliarism	46	(7)
Anticlericalism and the Renaissance Papacy	53	(2)
Suggestions for Further Reading	55	(1)
The Dawn of a New Era	56	(35)
Martin Luther (1483-1546)	56	(7)
Theological and Pastoral Responses to Insecurity	63	(8)
Theological Implications	71	(2)
Indulgences: The Purchase of Paradise	73	(3)
The Squeaky Mouse	76	(3)
Politics and Piety	79	(3)
From the Diet of Worms to the Land of the Birds	82	(6)
The Diet of Worms	88	(2)
Suggestions for Further Reading	90	(1)
Wait for No One: Implementation of Reforms in Wittenberg	91	(20)
In the Land of the Birds	91	(1)
Melanchthon: Teacher of Germany	92	(1)
Karlstadt and Proto-Puritanism	93	(3)
Bishops, Clerical Marriage, and Strategies for Reform	96	(6)
The Gospel and Social Order	102	(8)
Suggestions for Further Reading	110	(1)
Fruits of the Fig Tree: Social Welfare and Education	111	(24)
Late Medieval Poor Relief	112	(2)
Beyond Charity	114	(4)
The Institutionalization of Social Welfare	118	(4)
Bugenhagen and the Spread of Evangelical Social Welfare	122	(5)
Education for Service to God and Service to the Neighbor	127	(1)
The Catechisms and Christian Vocation	128	(3)
Was the Early Reformation a Failure?	131	(2)
Suggestions for Further Reading	133	(2)
The Reformation of the Common Man	135	(34)
``Brother Andy''	135	(8)
Thomas Muntzer	143	(15)
Muntzer's Origins and Theology	144	(4)
Muntzer's Historical Development	148	(2)
On to the Land of Hus	150	(8)
The Revolution of the Common Man, 1524-1526	158	(10)
The Role of Anticlericalism	160	(3)
Luther and the Peasants' War	163	(5)
Suggestions for Further Reading	168	(1)
The Swiss Connection: Zwingli and the Reformation in Zurich	169	(30)
The Affair of the Sausages	169	(1)
Zwingli's Beginnings	170	(3)
Magistracy and Church in Zurich	173	(1)
Zwingli's Reform Program	174	(7)
Excursus: Medieval Sacramental Theology	181	(10)
The Marburg Colloquy, 1529	191	(6)
Suggestions for Further Reading	197	(2)
The Sheep against the Shepherds: The Radical Reformations	199	(30)
The Anabaptists	201	(3)
Excursus: Reformation Understandings of Baptism	204	(6)
Zurich Beginnings	210	(7)
Anabaptist Multiplicity	217	(3)
The Munster Debacle	220	(5)
The Subversive Piety of the Spiritualists	225	(3)
Suggestions for Further Reading	228	(1)
Augsburg 1530 to Augsburg 1555: Reforms and Politics	229	(20)
The Trail of Worms	229	(3)
The Diet of Worms	232	(1)
The Diet of Speyer, 1526	233	(1)
The Diet of Speyer, 1529	234	(2)
The Diet of Augsburg, 1530, and the Augsburg Confession	236	(4)
The Right of Resistance to the Emperor	240	(2)
Reformation Ecumenism, War, and the Peace of Augsburg	242	(6)
Suggestions for Further Reading	248	(1)
``The Most Perfect School of Christ'': The Genevan Reformation	249	(26)
John Calvin (1509--1564)	249	(4)
Journey to Geneva	253	(2)
The Reformation in Geneva	255	(3)
Sojourn in Strasbourg	258	(3)
Geneva under Calvin, 1541-1564	261	(3)
Calvin's Consolidation of his Authority	264	(3)
The Servetus Case	267	(5)
Protestant Mission and Evangelism: The ``International Conspiracy''	272	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	273	(2)
Refuge in the Shadow of God's Wings: The Reformation in France	275	(23)
The Shield of Humanism	275	(3)
Evangelical Progress and Persecution	278	(3)
Calvin's Influence in France	281	(6)
The Colloquy of Poissy, 1561	287	(2)
The Wars of Religion, 1562-1598	289	(2)
The St Bartholomew's Day Massacre	291	(4)
``Paris is Worth a Mass''	295	(2)
Suggestions for Furrther Reading	297	(1)
The Blood of the Martyrs: The Reformation in the Netherlands	298	(11)
``La secte Lutheriane''	301	(1)
Dissident Movements	301	(2)
The Rise of Calvinism and the Spanish Reaction	303	(4)
A Godly Society?	307	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	308	(1)
The Reformations in England and Scotland	309	(26)
Anticlericalism and Lutheran Beginnings	309	(7)
The King's Great Matter	316	(3)
Passions, Politics, and Piety	319	(1)
Edward VI and Protestant Progress	320	(3)
Mary Tudor and Protestant Regress	323	(2)
Elizabeth I and the Via Media	325	(5)
Mary Stuart (1542--1587) and the Reformation in Scotland	330	(4)
Suggestions for Further Reading	334	(1)
Catholic Renewal and the Counter-Reformation	335	(22)
Late Medieval Renewal Movements	335	(6)
The Index and the Inquisition	341	(4)
Loyola and the Society of Jesus	345	(5)
The Council of Trent, 1545--1563	350	(6)
Suggestions for Further Reading	356	(1)
Legacies of the Reformations	357	(25)
Confessionalization	357	(2)
Politics	359	(4)
Culture	363	(1)
The Reformations and Women	363	(3)
Toleration and the ``Other''	366	(5)
Economics, Education, and Science	371	(3)
Literature and the Arts	374	(3)
Back to the Future: The Reformations and Modernity	377	(3)
Suggestions for Further Reading	380	(2)
Chronology	382	(7)
Genealogies	389	(6)
The Houses of Valois and Bourbon, to 1610	390	(1)
The Family of Charles V	391	(1)
The English Crown, 1485--1603	392	(1)
Ottoman Sultans, 1451--1648	393	(1)
Popes, 1492--1605	394	(1)
Maps	395	(7)
Europe about 1500	396	(1)
Germany at the time of the Reformations	397	(1)
The Empire of Charles V	398	(1)
The Ottoman Empire	399	(1)
The Portuguese and Spanish Overseas Empires	400	(1)
Religious Division in Europe about 1600	401	(1)
Glossary	402	(3)
Aids to Reformation Studies	405	(3)
Bibliography	408	(27)
Index	435