Evaluation of Orthopedic and Athletic Injuries

by Starkey, Chad

Edition:

2nd

ISBN13:

9780803607910

ISBN10:

0803607911

Format:

Hardcover

Pub. Date:

6/1/2001

Publisher(s):

F a Davis Co

Upgraded Edition: Click here!

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This is the 2nd edition with a publication date of 6/1/2001.

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Summary

KEY FEATURES Information presented in user-friendly format Three additional chapters new to this edition: Assessment of Posture; Distinctive boxes for each type of test added, including boxes for res Evaluation maps guide students through the evaluation process and spe Goniometry boxes explain how to take correct measurements and include New boxes accompany common injuries and highlight common clinical find All boxes include photos and illustrations to aid students in visualiz Two new highly illustrated appendices: Assessment of Muscle Length and Text conforms to or exceeds the new Athletic Training Educational Comp Each chapter starts with a review of the bony areas, clinical anatomy, and biomechanics of that part of the body and ends with a discussion of emergency or initial management of specific injuries

The Injury Evaluation Process

Systematic Evaluation Technique

(2)

Description of the Evaluative Model

(1)

The Role of the Noninjured Paired Structure

(1)

Clinical Evaluations

(16)

History

(4)

Inspection

(1)

Palpation

(2)

Range of Motion

(4)

Ligamentous and Capsular Tests

(1)

Special Tests

(1)

Neurologic Tests

(4)

Activity-Specific Functional Testing

(1)

On-Field Evaluation of Athletic Injuries

(3)

On-Field History

(1)

On-Field Inspection

(1)

On-Field Palpation

(1)

On-Field Range of Motion Testing

(1)

On-Field Ligamentous Testing

(1)

On-Field Neurologic Testing

(1)

Removal of the Athlete from the Field

(1)

Termination of The Evaluation

(1)

Standard Precautions Against Blood-Borne Pathogens

(4)

The Roles of Different Health Care Professionals

(2)

Athletic Trainer

(1)

Physical Therapist

(1)

School Nurse

(1)

Emergency Medical Technician

(1)

Physician

(1)

Documentation

(1)

References

(1)

Injury Nomenclature

Soft Tissue Injuries

(11)

Musculotendinous Injuries

(4)

Joint Structure Injuries

(4)

Articular Surface Injuries

(3)

Bony Injuries

(5)

Exostosis

(1)

Apophysitis

(1)

Fractures

(3)

Neurovascular Pathologies

(1)

Peripheral Nerve Injury

(1)

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy)

(1)

Imaging Techniques

(4)

Radiographs

(2)

Computed Tomography (CT) Scan

(1)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

(1)

Bone Scan

(1)

Ultrasonic Imaging

(1)

References

(2)

Assessment of Posture

Clinical Anatomy

(6)

The Kinetic Chain

(3)

Muscular Function

(1)

Muscular Length-Tension Relationships

(1)

Agonist and Antagonist Relationships

(1)

Muscle Imbalances

(1)

Soft Tissue Imbalances

(1)

Clinical Evaluation Of Posture

(16)

History

(1)

Inspection

(4)

Overall Impression

(1)

Views of Postural Inspection

(3)

Inspection of Leg Length Discrepancy

(2)

Palpation

(4)

Functional Tests

(2)

Common Postural Deviations

(9)

Foot and Ankle

(1)

The Knee

(1)

Spinal Column

(4)

Shoulder and Scapula

(1)

Head and Cervical Spine

(2)

Interrelationship Between Regions

(1)

Documentation of Postural Assessment

(2)

References

(2)

The Foot and Toes

Clinical Anatomy

(11)

Rearfoot

(1)

Midfoot

(1)

Forefoot and Toes

(1)

Articulations and Ligamentous Support

(1)

Muscles Acting on the Foot and Toes

(1)

Arches of the Foot

(7)

Clinical Evaluation Of Foot and Toe Injuries

(22)

History

(3)

Inspection

101

(7)

Palpation

108

(5)

Range of Motion Testing

113

(1)

Ligamentous and Capsular Testing

114

(2)

Neurologic Examination

116

(4)

Pathologies and Related Special Tests

120

(13)

Arch Pathologies

120

(4)

Plantar Fascitis

124

(2)

Tarsal Coalition

126

(1)

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

126

(2)

Metatarsal Fractures

128

(1)

Intermetatarsal Neuroma

129

(2)

Hallux Rigidus

131

(1)

First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Sprains

132

(1)

On-Field Evaluation Of Foot Injuries

133

(1)

Equipment Considerations

133

(1)

On-Field History

133

(1)

On-Field Inspection

133

(1)

On-Field Palpation

133

(1)

On-Field Range of Motion Tests

133

(1)

On-Field Management of Foot Injuries

134

(1)

Plantar Fascia Ruptures

134

(1)

Fractures and Dislocations

134

(1)

References

134

(2)

The Ankle and Lower Leg

Clinical Anatomy

136

(9)

Related Bony Structures

138

(1)

Articulations and Ligamentous Support

138

(2)

Muscles of the Lower Leg and Ankle

140

(5)

Bursae

145

(1)

Clinical Evalution of The Ankle and Lower Leg

145

(17)

History

145

(2)

Inspection

147

(3)

Palpation

150

(4)

Range of Motion Testing

154

(3)

Tests For Ligamentous Stability

157

(5)

Neurologic Testing

162

(1)

Pathologies and Related Special Tests

162

(18)

Ankle Sprains

162

(6)

Stress Fractures

168

(4)

Os Trigonum Injury

172

(1)

Achilles Tendon Pathology

172

(4)

Subluxating Peroneal Tendons

176

(1)

Neurovascular Deficit

177

(3)

On-Field Evaluation of Lower Leg and Ankle Injuries

180

(2)

Equipment Considerations

180

(2)

On-Field History

182

(1)

On-Field Inspection

182

(1)

On-Field Palpation

182

(1)

On-Field Range of Motion Tests

182

(1)

Initial Management of On-Field Injuries

182

(2)

Ankle Dislocations

182

(1)

Lower Leg Fractures

183

(1)

Management of Lower Leg Fractures and Dislocations

183

(1)

Anterior Compartment Syndrome

184

(1)

References

184

(2)

The Knee

Clinical Anatomy

186

(11)

Articulations and Ligamentous Support

187

(3)

The Menisci

190

(1)

Muscles of the Knee

191

(4)

The Screw Home Mechanism

195

(2)

Clinical Evaluation of Knee and Leg Injuries

197

(19)

History

197

(1)

Inspection

198

(3)

Palpation

201

(3)

Determination of Intracapsular Versus Extracapsular Swelling

204

(1)

Range of Motion Testing

205

(2)

Tests For Joint Stability

207

(9)

Neurologic Testing

216

(1)

Pathologies and Related Special Tests

216

(23)

Uniplanar Knee Sprains

217

(5)

Rotational Knee Instabilities

222

(6)

Meniscal Tears

228

(1)

Osterochondral Defects

229

(6)

Lliotibial Band Friction Syndrome

235

(3)

Popliteus Tendinitis

238

(1)

On-Field Evaluation of Knee Injuries

239

(1)

Equipment Considerations

239

(1)

On-Field History

240

(1)

On-Field Inspection

240

(1)

On-Field Palpation

240

(1)

On-Field Range of Motion Tests

240

(1)

On-Field Ligamentous Tests

240

(1)

On-Field Management of Knee Injuries

240

(1)

Tibiofemoral Joint Dislocation

240

(1)

Collateral and Cruciate Ligament Sprains

241

(1)

Meniscal Tears

241

(1)

References

241

(3)

The Patellofemoral Articulation

Clinical Anatomy

244

(2)

Muscular Anatomy and Related Soft Tissues

245

(1)

Bursa of the Extensor Mechanism

245

(1)

Clinical Evaluation of the Patellofemoral Joint

246

(10)

History

246

(1)

Inspection

247

(2)

Palpation

249

(5)

Range of Motion Testing

254

(1)

Ligamentous Testing

254

(1)

Neurologic Testing

254

(2)

Pathologies And Related Special Tests

256

(12)

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

256

(2)

Patellar Maltracking

258

(1)

Patellar Subluxation and Dislocation

259

(1)

Patellar Tendinitis

259

(2)

Patellar Tendon Rupture

261

(2)

Patellar Bursitis

263

(1)

Synovial Plica

263

(2)

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

265

(2)

Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Disease

267

(1)

Patellar Fracture

268

(1)

On-Field Evaluation Of Patellofemoral Injuries

268

(1)

Equipment Considerations

269

(1)

On-Field History

269

(1)

On-Field Palpation

269

(1)

On-Field Functional Tests

269

(1)

Initial Management of On-Field Injuries

269

(1)

Patellar Tendon Rupture

269

(1)

Patellar Dislocation

269

(1)

References

270

(2)

The Pelvis and Thigh

Clinical Anatomy

272

(7)

Articulations and Ligamentous Support

273

(2)

Muscular Anatomy

275

(3)

Femoral Triangle

278

(1)

Bursae

279

(1)

Clinical Evaluation of Pelvis and Thigh

279

(15)

History

279

(1)

Inspection

280

(3)

Palpation

283

(2)

Range of Motion Testing

285

(8)

Ligamentous Testing

293

(1)

Neurologic Testing

294

(1)

Pathologies And Related Special Tests

294

(4)

Muscle Strains

294

(1)

Bursitis

295

(1)

Degenerative Hip Changes

296

(1)

Piriformis Syndrome

296

(2)

On-Field Evlaution of Pelvis And Thigh Injuries

298

(1)

Initial Evaluation And Management of On-Field Injuries

299

(2)

Iliac Crest Contusion

299

(1)

Quadriceps Contusion

299

(1)

Hip Dislocation

300

(1)

Femoral Fracture

301

(1)

References

301

(2)

Evaluation of Gait

Observation Techniques

303

(1)

Gait Cycle

304

(5)

Normal Gait

307

(1)

Gait Phases

307

(2)

Qualitative Observation of Gait

309

(1)

Running Gait

309

(5)

Running Gait Cycle

309

(5)

Walking Versus Running Gait

314

(1)

Ground Reaction Forces

314

(1)

Pathologies Affecting the Gait Cycle

315

(3)

Acute Lower Extremity Strains and Sprains

315

(1)

Overuse Injuries

316

(2)

Leg Length Discrepancies

318

(1)

Functional Bracing

318

(1)

References

318

(1)

The Thoracic and Lumbar Spine

Clinical Anatomy

319

(10)

Bony Anatomy

319

(3)

Intervertebral Disks

322

(1)

Articulations and Ligamentous Anatomy

323

(1)

Lumbar and Sacral Plexus

324

(1)

Muscular Anatomy

325

(4)

Clinical Evaluation of The Thoracic and Lumbar Spine

329

(22)

History

329

(2)

Inspection

331

(3)

Palpation

334

(3)

Range of Motion Testing

337

(4)

Ligamentous Testing

341

(2)

Special Tests

343

(8)

Neurologic Testing

351

(1)

Pathologies and Related Special Tests

351

(15)

Erector Spinae Muscle Strain

353

(1)

Facet Joint Dysfunction

353

(1)

Intervertebral Disk Lesions

354

(2)

Sciatica

356

(1)

Spondylopathies

357

(4)

Sacroiliac Dysfunction

361

(5)

On-Field Evaluation of Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Injuries

366

(1)

On-Field History

366

(1)

On-Field Inspection

366

(1)

On-Field Neurologic Tests

366

(1)

On-Field Palpation

366

(1)

On-Field Management of Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Injuries

366

(1)

Thoracic Spine

366

(1)

Lumbar Spine

367

(1)

References

367

(2)

The Cervical Spine

Clinical Anatomy

369

(3)

Ligamentous Anatomy

369

(1)

Brachial Plexus

370

(1)

Muscular Anatomy

371

(1)

Clinical Evaluation of Cervical Spine

372

(9)

History

372

(4)

Inspection

376

(1)

Palpation

376

(1)

Range of Motion Testing

377

(2)

Ligamentous Testing

379

(2)

Neurologic Testing

381

(1)

Cervical Spine Pathologies and Related Special Tests

381

(8)

Brachial Plexus Pathology

381

(4)

Cervical Nerve Root Impingement

385

(4)

On-field Evaluation and Management of Cervical Spine Injuries

389

(5)

Brachial Plexus Injury

389

(5)

References

394

(1)

The Thorax and Abdomen

Clinical Antomy

395

(4)

Muscular Anatomy

396

(1)

Respiratory Tract Anatomy

396

(1)

Cardiovascular Anatomy

397

(1)

Digestive Tract Anatomy

397

(1)

Lymphatic Organ Anatomy

398

(1)

Urinary Tract Anatomy

398

(1)

Reproductive Tract Anatomy

399

(1)

Clinical Evaluation of the Thorax and Abdomen

399

(11)

History

400

(1)

Inspection

401

(3)

Palpation

404

(2)

Vital Signs

406

(1)

Neurologic Signs

407

(3)

Pathologies of the Thorax and Abdomen and Related Special Tests

410

(10)

Injuries to the Thorax

410

(4)

Pathology of the Abdominal and Urinary Organs

414

(4)

Pathology of the Reproductive Organs

418

(2)

On-Field Evaluation and Management of Thoracic and Abdominal Injuries

420

(3)

Rib Fractures

420

(1)

Flail Chest

421

(1)

Pneumothorax and Hemothorax

421

(1)

Cardiac Contusions

422

(1)

Solar Plexus Injury

422

(1)

Breast Injuries

422

(1)

Hollow Organ Injuries

423

(1)

References

423

(1)

The Shoulder and Upper Arm

Clinical Anatomy

424

(13)

Bony Anatomy

424

(2)

Joints of the Shoulder Complex

426

(4)

Muscles of the Shoulder Complex

430

(7)

Scapulothoracic Rhythm

437

(1)

Bursa of the Shoulder Complex

437

(1)

Clinical Evaluation of Shoulder Injuries

437

(22)

History

437

(2)

Inspection

439

(3)

Palpation

442

(2)

Range of Motion Testing

444

(12)

Ligamentous and Capsular Testing

456

(1)

Neurologic Testing

457

(2)

Pathologies of the Shoulder Complex and Related Special Tests

459

(25)

Sternoclavicular Joint Sprains

459

(1)

Acromioclavicular Joint Sprains

460

(3)

Glenohumeral Instability

463

(7)

Rotator Cuff Pathology

470

(6)

Biceps Tendon Pathology

476

(4)

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

480

(4)

On-Field Evaluation of Shoulder Injuries

484

(3)

Equipment Considerations

485

(1)

On-Field History

485

(1)

On-Field Inspection

486

(1)

On-Field Palpation

486

(1)

On-Field Functional Tests

487

(1)

On-Field Neurologic Tests

487

(1)

Initial Management of on-Field Shoulder Injuries

487

(1)

Scapular Fractures

487

(1)

Clavicular Injuries

487

(1)

Glenohumeral Dislocations

488

(1)

Humeral Fractures

488

(1)

References

488

(2)

The Elbow and Forearm

Clinical Anatomy

490

(7)

Articulations and Ligamentous Anatomy

491

(2)

Muscular Anatomy

493

(3)

Nerves

496

(1)

Bursae

496

(1)

Clinical Evaluation of the Elbow and Forearm

497

(11)

History

497

(1)

Inspection

498

(2)

Palpation

500

(3)

Range of Motion Testing

503

(4)

Ligamentous Testing

507

(1)

Neurologic Testing

507

(1)

Pathologies and Related Special Tests

508

(8)

Elbow Sprains

508

(3)

Epicondylitis

511

(2)

Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture

513

(1)

Osteochondritis Dessicans of the Capitulum

514

(1)

Nerve Trauma

514

(2)

On-Field Evaluation of Elbow and Forearm Injuries

516

(1)

On-Field History

516

(1)

On-Field Inspection

516

(1)

On-Field Palpation

516

(1)

On-Field Range of Motion Tests

516

(1)

On-Field Neurologic Tests

517

(1)

On-Field Management of Elbow and Forearm Injuries

517

(1)

Elbow Dislocations

517

(1)

Fracture About the Elbow

517

(1)

References

517

(2)

The Wrist, Hand, and Fingers

Clinical Anatomy

519

(9)

Articulations and Ligamentous Support

520

(2)

Muscular Anatomy

522

(6)

The Carpal Tunnel

528

(1)

Clinical Evaluation of Injuries to Wrist, Hand, and Fingers

528

(24)

History

528

(2)

Inspection

530

(3)

Palpation

533

(4)

Range of Motion Testing

537

(8)

Ligamentous and Capsular Testing

545

(3)

Neurologic Testing

548

(4)

Pathologies of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers and Related Special Tests

552

(12)

Wrist Pathology

552

(4)

Hand Pathology

556

(4)

Finger Pathology

560

(2)

Thumb Pathology

562

(2)

On-Field Evaluation and Management of Wrist, Hand and Finger Injuries

564

(1)

Wrist Fractures and Dislocations

564

(1)

Interphalangeal Joint Dislocations

565

(1)

Hand and Finger Fractures

565

(1)

Lacerations

565

(1)

References

565

(2)

The Eye

Clinical Anatomy

567

(3)

Eye Structures

567

(1)

Muscular Anatomy

568

(2)

Visual Acuity

570

(1)

Clinical Evaluation of Eye Injuries

570

(6)

History

570

(2)

Inspection

572

(2)

Palpation

574

(1)

Functional Testing

574

(2)

Neurologic Testing

576

(1)

Eye Pathologies and Related Special Tests

576

(6)

Orbital Fractures

576

(1)

Corneal Abrasions

577

(1)

Corneal Lacerations

577

(2)

Iritis

579

(1)

Detached Retina

579

(1)

Ruptured Globe

580

(1)

Conjunctivitis

580

(1)

Foreign Bodies

580

(2)

On-Field Evaluation and Management of Eye Injuries

582

(1)

Contact Lens Removal

582

(1)

Orbital Fractures

582

(1)

Penetrating Eye Injuries

582

(1)

Chemical Burns

583

(1)

References

583

(1)

The Face and Related Structures

Clinical Anatomy

584

(6)

Temporomandibular Joint Anatomy

584

(1)

The Ear

585

(1)

The Nose

586

(1)

The Throat

586

(1)

The Mouth

586

(1)

The Teeth

587

(1)

Muscular Anatomy

587

(3)

Clinical Evaluation of Facial Injuries

590

(7)

History

590

(1)

Inspection

591

(3)

Palpation

594

(2)

Functional Testing

596

(1)

Neurologic Testing

597

(1)

Facial Area Pathologies and Related Special Tests

597

(9)

Ear Pathology

597

(2)

Nasal Injuries

599

(1)

Throat Injury

600

(1)

Facial Fractures

601

(2)

Dental Conditions

603

(2)

Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction

605

(1)

On-Field Evaluation and Management of Injuries to the Face and Related Areas

606

(2)

Lacerations

606

(1)

Laryngeal Injuries

607

(1)

Facial Fractures

607

(1)

Temporomandibular Injuries

607

(1)

Nasal Fracture and Epistaxis

608

(1)

Dental Injuries

608

(1)

References

608

(2)

Head and Neck Injuries

Clinical Anatomy

610

(3)

The Brain

611

(1)

The Meninges

612

(1)

Cerebrospinal Fluid

612

(1)

Blood Circulation in the Brain

613

(1)

Evaluation of Head and Neck Injuries

613

(13)

Evaluation Scenarios

614

(1)

Evaluation of Athlete's Position

614

(1)

Determination of Consciousness

614

(1)

History

615

(2)

Inspection

617

(1)

Palpation

618

(1)

Functional Testing

619

(6)

Neurologic Testing

625

(1)

Head and Neck Pathologies and Related Special Tests

626

(11)

Head Trauma

626

(8)

Cervical Spinal Cord Trauma

634

(3)

On-Field Evaluation and Management of Head and Neck Injuries

637

(10)

Equipment Considerations

638

(3)

Initial Inspection

641

(1)

Initial Action

642

(4)

History

646

(1)

Inspection

646

(1)

Palpation

646

(1)

Neurologic Testing

647

(1)

Removing the Athlete From the Field

647

(4)

Walking the Athlete Off the Field

647

(1)

Using a Spine Board

647

(3)

Home Instructions

650

(1)

References

651

(2)

Environmental Injury

Clinical Anatomy and Physiology

653

(3)

Heat Transfer

653

(1)

Blood Flow and Heat Exchange

654

(1)

Sweating Mechanism

655

(1)

Heat Conservation

655

(1)

Influence of Ambient Temperature

655

(1)

Clinical Evaluation of Environmental Injuries

656

(1)

History

656

(1)

Inspection

657

(1)

Palpation

657

(1)

Functional Testing

657

(1)

Environmental Pathologies and Related Special Tests

657

(7)

Heat Injuries

657

(2)

Prevention of Heat Injuries

659

(2)

Cold Injuries

661

(2)

Prevention of Cold Injuries

663

(1)

On-Field Evaluation and Management of Environmental Injuries

664

(2)

Heat Injuries

664

(1)

Cold Injuries

665

(1)

References

666

(1)

Cardiopulmonary Conditions

Clinical Anatomy

667

(1)

Clinical Evaluation of Cardiopulmonary Injuries

668

(4)

History

668

(2)

Inspection and Palpation

670

(1)

Functional Testing

671

(1)

Cardiopulmonary Pathologies and Related Special Tests

672

(6)

Syncope

672

(1)

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

672

(1)

Myocardial Infarction

673

(1)

Arrhythmias

674

(1)

Bradycardia

674

(1)

Tachycardia

674

(1)

Mitral Valve Prolapse

675

(1)

Hypertension

675

(1)

Asthma

675

(1)

Hyperventilation

676

(2)

On-Field Evaluation and Management of Cardiopulmonary Conditions

678

(1)

Asthma

678

(1)

Hyperventilation

678

(1)

References

679

(1)

General Medical Conditions

Respiratory Infections

680

(4)

Upper Respiratory Infections

680

(3)

Lower Respiratory Infections

683

(1)

Management of Athletes with Respiratory Infections

684

(1)

Viral Syndromes

684

(2)

Mononucleosis

684

(1)

Measles

685

(1)

Mumps

685

(1)

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

686

(3)

Chlamydia

686

(1)

Genital Warts

686

(1)

Gonorrhea

687

(1)

Syphilis

687

(1)

Herpes Simplex

688

(1)

Bloodborne Pathogens

689

(2)

Hepatitis

689

(1)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

690

(1)

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

691

(1)

Endocrine System Disorders

691

(3)

Diabetes Mellitus

691

(2)

Hyperthyroidism

693

(1)

Hypothyroidism

693

(1)

Pancreatitis

694

(1)

Systemic Diseases

694

(4)

Marfan Syndrome

694

(1)

Iron Deficiency Anemia

695

(1)

Sickle Cell Anemia and Sickle Cell Trait

695

(1)

Lyme Disease

696

(1)

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

696

(1)

Fibromyalgia

697

(1)

Cancer

698

(6)

Signs and Symptoms of Cancer

698

(1)

Leukemia

698

(1)

Lymphomas

699

(1)

Brain Tumors

699

(1)

Melanoma

700

(1)

Oral Cancer

700

(1)

Breast Cancer

701

(1)

Cervical Cancer

702

(1)

Ovarian Cancer

703

(1)

Testicular Cancer

703

(1)

Prostate Cancer

703

(1)

Colon Cancer

703

(1)

Effect of Cancer on Athletic Participation

704

(1)

Neurologic Disorders

704

(1)

Migraine Headaches

704

(1)

Epilepsy

704

(1)

Bacterial Meningitis

705

(1)

Disordered Eating

705

(2)

Anorexia Nervosa

706

(1)

Bulimia Nervosa

706

(1)

Obesity

706

(1)

Skin Conditions

707

(10)

Skin Infestations

707

(3)

Inflammatory Skin Conditions

710

(4)

Infectious Skin Disorders

714

(2)

Skin Growths

716

(1)

References

717

(3)

APPENDICES

Appendix A: Reflex Testing

720

(4)

Appendix B: Assessment of Muscle Length

724

(7)

Appendix C: Functional Testing of the Lower Extremity

731

(2)

Glossary

733

(7)

Credits

740

(3)

Index

743

Evaluation of Orthopedic and Athletic Injuries

9780803607910

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