Family Therapy: Concepts and Methods

by Nichols, Michael P.; Schwartz, Richard C.

• ISBN13: 9780205317370
• ISBN10: 0205317375
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-06-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

Family Therapy: Concepts and Methods, the best-selling family therapy book on the market, is the most readable, comprehensive, and timely text available for introductory family therapy courses. This edition emphasizes contemporary approaches such as narrative and solution-focused therapies, and highlights such issues as poverty, social class, ethnicity, and spirituality. There is more emphasis on clinical practice, with clinical examples added throughout the book. There is a new chapter on Research in Family Therapy (Chapter 15). The chapter on Integrative Models (Chapter 13) has been completely updated and now includes information on working with family violence and conducting community family therapy.

Author Biography

Richard C. Schwartz was formerly an Associate Professor at The Family Institute at Northwestern University and the Department of Psychiatry of the University of Illinois College of Medicine. Michael P. Nichols is a Professor at the College of William and Mary.

Table of Contents

Foreword	xv
Salvador Minuchin
Preface	xix
Part I The Context of Family Therapy
The Foundations of Family Therapy	1	(12)
The Myth of the Hero	3	(1)
Psychotherapeutic Sanctuary	4	(2)
Family versus Individual Therapy	6	(1)
Psychology and Social Context	7	(1)
The Power of Family Therapy	7	(1)
Contemporary Cultural Influences	8	(1)
Thinking in Lines; Thinking in Circles	9	(2)
Recommended Readings	11	(1)
References	11	(2)
The Evolution of Family Therapy	13	(52)
The Undeclared War	14	(2)
Small Group Dynamics	16	(5)
The Child Guidance Movement	21	(3)
The Influence of Social Work	24	(1)
Research on Family Dynamics and the Etiology of Schizophrenia	25	(9)
Gregory Bateson---Palo Alto	26	(3)
Theodore Lidz---Yale	29	(2)
Lyman Wynne---National Institutes of Mental Health	31	(2)
Role Theorists	33	(1)
Marriage Counseling	34	(2)
From Research to Treatment: The Pioneers of Family Therapy	36	(18)
John Bell	36	(1)
Palo Alto	36	(6)
Murray Bowen	42	(3)
Nathan Ackerman	45	(3)
Carl Whitaker	48	(2)
Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy	50	(1)
Salvador Minuchin	50	(2)
Other Early Centers of Family Therapy	52	(2)
The Golden Age of Family Therapy	54	(3)
Summary	57	(4)
Recommended Readings	61	(1)
References	61	(4)
Early Models and Basic Techniques: Group Process and Communications Analysis	65	(38)
Sketches of Leading Figures	66	(1)
Theoretical Formulations	67	(3)
Normal Family Development	70	(1)
Development of Behavior Disorders	71	(2)
Goals of Therapy	73	(1)
Conditions for Behavior Change	74	(2)
Techniques	76	(4)
Lessons from the Early Models	80	(4)
System's Anxiety	84	(1)
The Stages of Family Therapy	85	(8)
The Initial Telephone Call	85	(2)
The First Interview	87	(2)
The Early Phase of Treatment	89	(2)
The Middle Phase of Treatment	91	(1)
Termination	92	(1)
Family Assessment	93	(5)
The Presenting Problem	93	(1)
Understanding the Referral Route	94	(1)
Identifying the Systemic Context	94	(1)
Stage of the Life Cycle	94	(1)
Family Structure	95	(1)
Communication	95	(1)
Drug and Alcohol Abuse	96	(1)
Domestic Violence and Sexual Abuse	96	(1)
Extramarital Involvements	96	(1)
Gender	96	(1)
Cultural Factors	97	(1)
The Ethical Dimension	97	(1)
Working with Managed Care	98	(1)
Recommended Readings	99	(1)
References	100	(3)
The Fundamental Concepts of Family Therapy	103	(34)
Systems Theory	104	(5)
History of Systems Thinking	104	(5)
Functionalism	109	(2)
Structuralism	111	(2)
The Legacy of Cybernetics and Structural-Functionalism	113	(1)
General Systems Theory	114	(3)
Satir's Humanizing Influence	117	(1)
Bowen and Differentiation of Self	118	(1)
The Road Not Taken	119	(3)
Enduring Concepts and Methods	122	(12)
Interconnectedness	122	(1)
Sequences of Interaction	122	(1)
Triangles	123	(1)
Circular Causality	124	(1)
Indirect Communication	124	(1)
Family Structure	125	(1)
Function of the Symptom	126	(1)
Circumventing Resistance	127	(1)
Nonpathological View of People	127	(1)
Family of Origin	128	(1)
Family Life Cycle	129	(2)
Focusing on Strengths	131	(1)
Family Narratives	131	(1)
The Influence of Culture	132	(1)
The One-Way Mirror and Videotaping	133	(1)
Conclusions	134	(1)
Recommended Readings	135	(1)
References	135	(2)
Part II The Classic Schools of Family Therapy
Bowen Family Systems Therapy	137	(36)
Sketches of Leading Figures	138	(2)
Theoretical Formulations	140	(5)
Differentiation of Self	140	(1)
Triangles	141	(1)
Nuclear Family Emotional Process	142	(1)
Family Projection Process	142	(1)
Multigenerational Transmission Process	142	(1)
Sibling Position	143	(1)
Emotional Cutoff	144	(1)
Societal Emotional Process	144	(1)
Normal Family Development	145	(2)
Development of Behavior Disorders	147	(5)
Goals of Therapy	152	(1)
Conditions for Behavior Change	153	(2)
Techniques	155	(10)
Bowenian Therapy with Couples	156	(3)
Bowenian Therapy with One Person	159	(6)
Evaluating Therapy Theory and Results	165	(2)
Summary	167	(2)
Recommended Readings	169	(1)
References	170	(3)
Experiential Family Therapy	173	(26)
Sketches of Leading Figures	174	(1)
Theoretical Formulations	175	(2)
Normal Family Development	177	(2)
Development of Behavior Disorders	179	(1)
Goals of Therapy	180	(1)
Conditions for Behavior Change	181	(4)
Techniques	185	(8)
Evaluating Therapy Theory and Results	193	(1)
Summary	194	(2)
Recommended Readings	196	(1)
References	196	(3)
Psychoanalytic Family Therapy	199	(36)
Sketches of Leading Figures	200	(2)
Theoretical Formulations	202	(3)
Freudian Drive Psychology	202	(1)
Self Psychology	202	(1)
Object Relations Theory	202	(3)
Normal Family Development	205	(3)
Development of Behavior Disorders	208	(5)
Goals of Therapy	213	(2)
Conditions for Behavior Change	215	(2)
Techniques	217	(11)
Evaluating Therapy Theory and Results	228	(1)
Summary	229	(1)
Recommended Readings	230	(1)
References	230	(5)
Structural Family Therapy	235	(30)
Sketches of Leading Figures	236	(1)
Theoretical Formulations	237	(4)
Normal Family Development	241	(2)
Development of Behavior Disorders	243	(4)
Goals of Therapy	247	(1)
Conditions for Behavior Change	248	(2)
Techniques	250	(10)
Joining and Accommodating	251	(1)
Working with Interaction	252	(1)
Diagnosing	253	(1)
Highlighting and Modifying Interactions	254	(2)
Boundary Making	256	(1)
Unbalancing	257	(2)
Challenging Unproductive Assumptions	259	(1)
Evaluating Therapy Theory and Results	260	(1)
Summary	261	(2)
Recommended Readings	263	(1)
References	263	(2)
Cognitive-Behavioral Family Therapy	265	(42)
Sketches of Leading Figures	265	(3)
Theoretical Formulations	268	(3)
Normal Family Development	271	(1)
Development of Behavior Disorders	272	(3)
Goals of Therapy	275	(1)
Conditions for Behavior Change	276	(3)
Techniques	279	(16)
Behavioral Parent Training	279	(6)
Behavioral Couples Therapy	285	(5)
The Cognitive-Behavioral Approach to Family Therapy	290	(3)
Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction	293	(2)
Evaluating Therapy Theory and Results	295	(2)
Summary	297	(1)
Recommended Readings	298	(1)
References	299	(8)
Part III Recent Developments in Family Therapy
Family Therapy Enters the Twenty-First Century	307	(40)
Erosion of Boundaries	308	(1)
Postmodernism	309	(1)
Constructivism	310	(1)
Collaborative, Conversational Approaches	311	(3)
The Hermeneutic Tradition	314	(1)
Social Constructionism	315	(1)
The Narrative Revolution	316	(1)
Family Therapy's Answer to Managed Care: Solution-Focused Therapy	316	(1)
Feminism and Family Therapy	317	(2)
The Apolitical Machine	317	(1)
Mother Blaming	318	(1)
Looking through the Lens of Gender	318	(1)
Family Violence	319	(1)
Multiculturalism	320	(3)
Race	323	(2)
Poverty and Social Class	325	(2)
Gay and Lesbian Issues	327	(1)
Spirituality	328	(1)
Tailoring Treatments to Populations and Problems	329	(1)
Empirically Based Treatment Programs	330	(1)
Medical Family Therapy and Psychoeducation	331	(4)
Psychoeducation and Schizophrenia	331	(3)
Medical Family Therapy	334	(1)
The Self in the System	335	(2)
Managed Care	337	(1)
Conclusions	338	(2)
Recommended Readings	340	(1)
References	341	(6)
From Strategic to Solution-Focused: The Evolution of Brief Therapy	347	(40)
The MRI, Strategic, and Milan Systemic Models	347	(1)
Sketches of Leading Figures	348	(1)
Theoretical Formulations	349	(4)
Normal Family Development	353	(1)
Development of Behavior Disorders	354	(1)
Goals of Therapy	355	(2)
Conditions for Behavior Change	357	(1)
Techniques	358	(11)
The MRI Approach	358	(3)
Haley and Madanes Approach	361	(4)
The Milan Model	365	(3)
Other Contributions	368	(1)
Evaluating Therapy Theory and Results	369	(1)
Summary	370	(1)
Solution-Focused Therapy	371	(1)
Sketches of Leading Figures	371	(1)
Theoretical Formulations	372	(2)
Normal Family Development	374	(1)
Development of Behavior Disorders	374	(1)
Goals of Therapy	374	(1)
Conditions for Behavior Change	375	(1)
Techniques	376	(3)
The Woman Who Was Stronger Than She Thought	377	(2)
Evaluating Therapy Theory and Results	379	(2)
Summary	381	(1)
Recommended Readings	382	(1)
References	382	(5)
Narrative Therapy	387	(26)
Sketches of Leading Figures	388	(2)
Theoretical Formulations	390	(4)
Normal Family Development	394	(1)
Development of Behavior Disorders	395	(2)
Goals of Therapy	397	(1)
Conditions for Behavior Change	398	(1)
Techniques	399	(7)
Beginning Therapy	400	(1)
Externalizing: The Person Is Not the Problem	400	(1)
Who's in Charge, the Person or the Problem?	401	(1)
Reading between the Lines of the Problem Story	402	(1)
Reauthoring the Whole Story	403	(1)
Reinforcing the New Story	403	(1)
Deconstructing Dominant Cultural Discourses	404	(1)
Enriching the Story---Telling and Retelling	404	(1)
A Case of Sneaky Poo	405	(1)
Evaluating Therapy Theory and Results	406	(2)
A Therapy of Social Justice	408	(1)
Summary	408	(1)
Recommended Readings	409	(1)
References	410	(3)
Integrative Models	413	(22)
Eclecticism	414	(1)
Selective Borrowing	415	(1)
Specially Designed Integrative Models	416	(11)
Models Designed to Increase Comprehensiveness	416	(4)
Models That Combine Two Distinct Approaches	420	(4)
Models Designed for Specific Clinical Problems	424	(3)
The Internal Family Systems Model	427	(5)
Subpersonalities or ``Parts''	427	(1)
The Self as Healer	428	(2)
Identifying Parts and Using Parts Language	430	(1)
Reassuring the Rag Doll	430	(2)
Summary	432	(1)
Recommended Readings	433	(1)
References	433	(2)
Part IV The Evaluation of Family Therapy
Comparative Analysis	435	(50)
Theoretical Purity and Technical Eclecticism	435	(1)
Family Therapist---Artist or Scientist?	436	(1)
Theoretical Formulations	437	(11)
Families as Systems	437	(1)
Stability and Change	437	(1)
Past or Present	438	(1)
Communication	439	(2)
Process/Content	441	(2)
Monadic, Dyadic, or Triadic Model	443	(1)
The Nuclear Family in Context	444	(2)
The Personal as Political	446	(1)
Boundaries	447	(1)
Normal Family Development	448	(3)
Development of Behavior Disorders	451	(7)
Inflexible Systems	452	(1)
The Function of Symptoms	453	(2)
Underlying Dynamics	455	(1)
Pathological Triangles	456	(2)
Goals of Therapy	458	(1)
Conditions for Behavior Change	459	(8)
Action or Insight?	459	(2)
Change in the Session or Change at Home	461	(1)
Duration of Treatment	462	(1)
Resistance	463	(1)
Family--Therapist Relationship	464	(3)
Techniques	467	(10)
Who to Invite	467	(2)
Treatment Team	469	(1)
Entering the Family System	469	(3)
Assessment	472	(2)
Decisive Interventions	474	(3)
Context and Applicability of the Schools of Family Therapy	477	(3)
Selection of a Theoretical Position: Rational and Irrational Factors	480	(1)
Summary	481	(2)
Recommended Readings	483	(1)
References	483	(2)
Family Therapy Research: Science into Practice, Practice into Science	485	(38)
Myrna L. Friedlander
How Effective Is Family Therapy?	486	(16)
Overall Efficacy of Family Therapy	486	(1)
Family Therapy for Adult Disorders	487	(6)
Family Therapy for Children's Disorders	493	(4)
Family Therapy for Interpersonal Problems	497	(4)
Implications	501	(1)
What Makes Family Therapy Effective?	502	(10)
The Therapeutic Relationship	503	(2)
The Process of Change	505	(6)
Implications	511	(1)
Practice into Science	512	(1)
References	513	(10)
Appendix A Recommended Readings	523	(2)
Appendix B Glossary	525	(6)
Appendix C Careers and Training	531	(8)
Name Index	539	(12)
Subject Index	551