Family Therapy: History, Theory, And Practice

by Gladding, Samuel T.

• ISBN13: 9780131725638
• ISBN10: 0131725637
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

The fourth edition ofFamily Therapy: History, Theory, and Practice is a comprehensive and developmental textbook. It covers all aspects of working with families. It begins by helping students understand the differences between functional and dysfunctional families. It then explains basic processes involved in treating couples and families before it delves into a dozen theoretical ways of treating families. This text covers the history of family therapy, multicultural aspects of family therapy, ways of working with various types of families, ethical and legal issues in involved in family therapy, and ways of assessing families. This is the most thorough and well written text in the field.

Table of Contents

PART ONE Understanding Families and Family Dynamics	1	(50)
Individual and Family Life Cycles	3	(26)
What Is a Family?	5	(2)
Types of Families	7	(2)
Individual and Family Development	9	(10)
Individual Life Cycle Development	10	(1)
Family Life Development	11	(8)
Unifying Individual and Family Life Cycles	19	(3)
Implications of Life Cycles for Family Therapy	22	(2)
Match of Life Cycles Between Family and Therapist	22	(1)
Ethnicity and Life Cycles	23	(1)
Illness and Life Cycles	23	(1)
Poverty, Professionalism, and Life Cycles	24	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	24	(5)
Healthy and Dysfunctional Families	29	(22)
The Family System and Health	30	(2)
Qualities of Healthy Families	32	(4)
Commitment	33	(1)
Appreciation	33	(1)
Willingness to Spend Time Together	33	(1)
Effective Communication Patterns	33	(1)
Religious/Spiritual Orientation	34	(1)
Ability to Deal with Crisis in a Positive Manner	34	(1)
Encouragement of Individuals	35	(1)
Clear Roles	35	(1)
Growth-Producing Structure and Development Patterns	35	(1)
Family Life Stressors	36	(3)
Expected Life Stressors	37	(1)
Unexpected Life Stressors	37	(2)
Family Structure and Functionality	39	(5)
Symmetrical/Complementary Families	40	(1)
Centripetal/Centrifugal Families	40	(1)
Cohesion/Adaptability	41	(3)
Coping Strategies of Families	44	(3)
Implications of Health in Working with Families	47	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	48	(3)
PART TWO Therapeutic Approaches to Working with Families	51	(210)
Rationale and History of Family Therapy	53	(24)
The Rationale for Family Therapy	54	(1)
Reasons for Working with Families as Opposed to Working with Individuals	55	(1)
Family Therapy Through the Decades	56	(15)
Family Therapy: Before 1940	56	(2)
Family Therapy: 1940 to 1949	58	(1)
Family Therapy: 1950 to 1959	58	(2)
Family Therapy: 1960 to 1969	60	(3)
Family Therapy: 1970 to 1979	63	(3)
Family Therapy: 1980 to 1989	66	(2)
Family Therapy: 1990 to 1999	68	(2)
Family Therapy: 2000 to the Present	70	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	71	(6)
The Process of Family Therapy	77	(28)
The Personhood of Family Therapists	78	(1)
Common Problems of Beginning Family Therapists	79	(5)
Overemphasis	79	(2)
Underemphasis	81	(3)
Appropriate Process	84	(12)
Pre-Session Planning and Tasks	84	(2)
Initial Session(s)	86	(4)
Middle Phase of Treatment	90	(4)
Termination	94	(2)
Adlerian Family Therapy: An Example of Appropriate Process	96	(2)
Background of Adlerian Theory	96	(1)
Initial Session(s)	97	(1)
Middle Phase of Treatment	97	(1)
Termination	98	(1)
Managed Care and the Process of Therapy	98	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	99	(6)
Couple and Marriage Enrichment and Therapy	105	(24)
Types of Couple and Marriage Treatments	106	(1)
Preventive Approaches to Working with Couples	107	(1)
Major Theorists for Prevention	108	(4)
David and Vera Mace	108	(1)
Marriage Education	109	(1)
Marriage Enrichment	109	(3)
Marriage and Couple Therapy	112	(10)
Major Theorists	112	(1)
Therapeutic Approaches for Working with Couples	113	(1)
Behavioral Couple Therapy (BCT)	113	(4)
Cognitive-Behavioral Couple Therapy (CBCT)	117	(1)
Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT)	118	(4)
Divorce Therapy and Mediation	122	(2)
Divorce Therapy	123	(1)
Family Mediation	124	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	124	(5)
Psychodynamic and Bowen Family Therapies	129	(26)
Psychodynamic Family Therapy	131	(1)
Major Theorists	131	(1)
Nathan Ackerman	131	(1)
Premises of the Theory	132	(2)
Treatment Techniques	134	(1)
Transference	134	(1)
Dream and Daydream Analysis	134	(1)
Confrontation	134	(1)
Focusing on Strengths	135	(1)
Life History	135	(1)
Complementarity	135	(1)
Role of the Therapist	135	(1)
Process and Outcome	136	(1)
Unique Aspects of Psychodynamic Family Therapy	136	(3)
Emphases	136	(1)
Comparison with Other Theories	137	(2)
Bowen Family Therapy	139	(1)
Major Theorists	140	(1)
Murray Bowen	140	(1)
Premises of the Theory	140	(3)
Treatment Techniques	143	(3)
Genograms	143	(2)
Going Home Again	145	(1)
Detriangulation	145	(1)
Person-to-Person Relationships	146	(1)
Differentiation of Self	146	(1)
Asking Questions	146	(1)
Role of the Therapist	146	(1)
Process and Outcome	147	(1)
Unique Aspects of the Bowen Family Therapy Approach	148	(3)
Emphases	148	(1)
Comparison with Other Theories	148	(3)
Summary and Conclusion	151	(4)
Experiential Family Therapy	155	(24)
Major Theorists	156	(2)
Virginia Satir	156	(1)
Carl Whitaker	157	(1)
Premises of the Theory	158	(1)
Treatment Techniques	159	(9)
Therapists Who Use Few Techniques: Carl Whitaker	159	(1)
Therapists Who Use Structured Techniques: Virginia Satir	160	(6)
Other Experiential Techniques	166	(2)
Role of the Therapist	168	(1)
Process and Outcome	169	(2)
Unique Aspects of Experiential Family Therapy	171	(3)
Emphases	171	(1)
Comparison with Other Theories	172	(2)
Summary and Conclusion	174	(5)
Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Family Therapies	179	(22)
Major Theorists	180	(2)
Gerald Patterson	181	(1)
Neil Jacobson	181	(1)
Premises of the Theory	182	(2)
Types of Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Family Therapies	184	(2)
Behavioral Parent Training	184	(1)
Functional Family Therapy	184	(1)
Behavioral Treatment of Sexual Dysfunctions	185	(1)
Cognitive-Behavioral Family Therapy	186	(1)
Treatment Techniques	186	(6)
General Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches	187	(1)
Specific Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Techniques	187	(5)
Role of the Therapist	192	(1)
Process and Outcome	193	(1)
Unique Aspects of Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches	193	(4)
Emphases	194	(1)
Comparison with Other Theories	194	(3)
Summary and Conclusion	197	(4)
Structural Family Therapy	201	(18)
Major Theorists	202	(1)
Salvador Minuchin	202	(1)
Premises of the Theory	203	(4)
Treatment Techniques	207	(4)
Joining	207	(1)
Disequilibrium Techniques	208	(3)
Role of the Therapist	211	(1)
Process and Outcome	212	(1)
Unique Aspects of Structural Family Therapy	212	(3)
Emphases	212	(1)
Comparison with Other Theories	213	(2)
Summary and Conclusion	215	(4)
Strategic and Systemic Family Therapies	219	(20)
Strategic Family Therapy	221	(1)
Major Theorists	221	(1)
Jay Haley	221	(1)
Premises of the Theory	222	(1)
Treatment Techniques	223	(2)
Reframing	223	(1)
Directive	223	(1)
Paradox	223	(1)
Ordeals	224	(1)
Pretend	224	(1)
Positioning	224	(1)
Role of the Therapist	225	(1)
Process and Outcome	225	(1)
Unique Aspects of Strategic Family Therapy	226	(1)
Emphases	226	(1)
Comparison with Other Theories	226	(1)
Systemic (Milan) Family Therapy	227	(1)
Major Theorists	227	(2)
Mara Selvini Palazzoli	227	(2)
Premises of the Theory	229	(1)
Treatment Techniques	229	(2)
Hypothesizing	229	(1)
Positive Connotation	230	(1)
Circular Questioning	230	(1)
Invariant/Variant Prescriptions	230	(1)
Rituals	230	(1)
Role of the Therapist	231	(1)
Process and Outcome	231	(1)
Unique Aspects of Systemic Therapy	231	(3)
Emphases	231	(1)
Comparison with Other Theories	232	(2)
Summary and Conclusion	234	(5)
Solution-Focused and Narrative Family Therapies	239	(22)
Solution-Focused Family Therapy	240	(1)
Major Theorists	240	(1)
Steve deShazer	240	(1)
Bill O'Hanlon	241	(1)
Premises of the Theory	241	(1)
Treatment Techniques	242	(2)
Role of the Therapist	244	(2)
Process and Outcome	246	(1)
Unique Aspects of Solution-Focused Family Therapy	246	(3)
Emphases	246	(1)
Comparison with Other Theories	247	(2)
Narrative Family Therapy	249	(1)
Major Theorists	249	(1)
Michael White	249	(1)
Premises of the Theory	250	(1)
Treatment Techniques	250	(2)
Externalization of the Problem	250	(1)
Influence (Effect) of the Problem on the Person	251	(1)
Influence (Effect) of the Person on the Problem	251	(1)
Raising Dilemmas	251	(1)
Predicting Setbacks	251	(1)
Using Questions	251	(1)
Letters	252	(1)
Celebrations and Certificates	252	(1)
Role of the Therapist	252	(2)
Process and Outcome	254	(1)
Unique Aspects of Narrative Family Therapy	254	(3)
Emphases	254	(1)
Comparison with Other Theories	255	(2)
Summary and Conclusion	257	(4)
PART THREE Special Populations in Family Therapy	261	(100)
Working with Single-Parent Families	263	(24)
Types of Single-Parent Families	264	(4)
Single Parenthood as a Result of Divorce	265	(1)
Single Parenthood as a Result of Death	265	(2)
Single Parenthood by Choice	267	(1)
Single Parenthood as a Result of Temporary Circumstances	267	(1)
Dynamics Associated with the Formation of Single-Parent Families	268	(3)
Dynamics of Single-Parent Families Formed through Divorce	268	(1)
Dynamics of Single-Parent Families Formed through Death	269	(1)
Dynamics of Single-Parent Families Formed through Choice	269	(1)
Dynamics of Single-Parent Families Formed through Temporary Circumstances	270	(1)
Single-Parent Mothers and Fathers	271	(2)
Families of Single-Parent Mothers	271	(1)
Families of Single-Parent Fathers	272	(1)
Effects of Divorce or Death on Children in Single-Parent Households	273	(1)
Children Who Lose a Parent by Divorce	273	(1)
Children Who Lose a Parent by Death	274	(1)
Strengths and Challenges Connected with Single-Parent Families	274	(2)
Strengths of Single-Parent Families	274	(1)
Challenges of Single-Parent Families	275	(1)
Approaches for Treating Single-Parent Families	276	(3)
Prevention Approaches	276	(1)
Family Theory Approaches	277	(1)
Other Approaches for Treating Single-Parent Families	278	(1)
Role of the Therapist	279	(1)
Process and Outcome	279	(2)
Summary and Conclusion	281	(6)
Working with Remarried Families	287	(22)
Forming Remarried Families	288	(3)
Common Concerns of Remarried Families	289	(1)
Dealing with the Death of a Parent	289	(1)
Dealing with the Divorce of a Couple	289	(2)
Making Healthy Adjustments in Remarried Families	291	(1)
Transitions for Children in Remarried Families	292	(1)
Transitions for Parents and Stepparents in Remarried Families	292	(1)
Dynamics Associated with Remarried Families	292	(1)
Issues Within Remarried Families	293	(1)
Strengths and Challenges of Remarried Families	294	(5)
Strengths of Remarried Families	294	(4)
Challenges of Remarried Families	298	(1)
Approaches for Treating Remarried Families	299	(3)
Guidance in Retaining Old Loyalties	299	(1)
Focus on Parental Involvement	300	(1)
Provide Education	300	(1)
Assist in the Creation of Family Traditions and Rituals	300	(1)
Apply Structural Family Therapy	301	(1)
Apply Experiential Family Therapy	301	(1)
Do Transgenerational Work	301	(1)
Role of the Therapist	302	(1)
Process and Outcome	303	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	304	(5)
Working with Culturally Diverse Families	309	(28)
What Is a Culture?	311	(1)
Dynamics Associated with Culturally Diverse Families	312	(1)
Issues Within Culturally Diverse Families	313	(2)
Sensitivity	313	(1)
Experience	314	(1)
Acceptance	314	(1)
Ingenuity	315	(1)
Specificity	315	(1)
Intervention	315	(1)
Approaches for Treating Culturally Diverse Families	315	(12)
Gay and Lesbian Families	316	(1)
African-American Families	317	(3)
Asian-American Families	320	(1)
Hispanic/Latino American Families	321	(2)
Native American Indian Families	323	(2)
Arab Americans	325	(1)
European Americans	326	(1)
Guidelines for Selecting Treatment Approaches in Working with Culturally Diverse Families	327	(1)
Role of the Therapist	328	(1)
Process and Outcome	329	(1)
Initial Phase of Working with Culturally Diverse Families	329	(1)
Middle Phase of Working with Culturally Diverse Families	329	(1)
Final Phase of Working with Culturally Diverse Families	330	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	330	(7)
Working with Substance-Related Disorders, Domestic Violence, Child Abuse, and Infidelity	337	(24)
Substance-Related Disorders and Families	338	(8)
Manifestation of Substance-Related Disorders	339	(2)
Engaging Substance-Related Disorder Families in Treatment	341	(1)
Approaches for Treating Substance-Related Disorder Families After Engagement	342	(4)
Domestic Violence and Families	346	(7)
Assessment of Domestic Violence	348	(1)
Approaches for Treating Domestic Violence	349	(4)
Child Abuse and Neglect in Families	353	(2)
Approaches for Treating Child Abuse and Neglect	354	(1)
Infidelity	355	(2)
Approaches for Treating Infidelity	356	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	357	(4)
PART FOUR Professional Issues and Research in Family Therapy	361	(56)
Ethical Legal, and Professional Issues in Family Therapy	363	(26)
Overview of Ethics in Families and Family Therapy	364	(1)
Ethics and Values	365	(2)
How Do Values Influence Ethical Practice?	367	(1)
Guidelines for Making Ethical Decisions	367	(3)
Codes of Ethics	367	(1)
Educational Resources	368	(1)
Professional Consultation	368	(1)
Interaction with Colleagues and Supervisors	369	(1)
Meta-ethical Principles	369	(1)
Common Ethical Concerns	370	(4)
Confidentiality	370	(1)
Gender Issues	371	(1)
Sex Between a Therapist and a Family Member	372	(1)
Theoretical Techniques	372	(1)
Multicultural Therapy Issues	372	(1)
Use of the Internet for On-Line Therapy	373	(1)
Addressing Unethical Behavior	374	(1)
Legal Issues in Family Therapy	374	(1)
The Legal System	374	(5)
Types of Law	375	(1)
Legal Situations that Involve Family Therapists	376	(2)
Issues of Law in Family Therapy	378	(1)
Professional Identification as a Family Therapist	379	(5)
Demographics: Who Are Marriage and Family Therapists?	379	(1)
Organizations Associated with Family Therapy	380	(2)
Education of Family Therapists	382	(1)
Issues in Professional Identification	383	(1)
Summary and Conclusion	384	(5)
Research and Assessment in Family Therapy	389	(28)
Importance of Research in Family Therapy	391	(1)
Research Findings in Family Therapy	391	(2)
Two Types of Family Therapy Research	393	(2)
Difficulties in Family Therapy Research	395	(4)
Design	396	(1)
Sampling	396	(1)
Instrumentation	397	(1)
Procedure	397	(1)
Theory	398	(1)
Statistics	398	(1)
Validity/Reliability	399	(1)
The Importance of Assessing Families	399	(2)
Dimensions of Assessing Families	400	(1)
Methods Used in Assessing Families	401	(12)
Informal Methods of Assessing Families	401	(1)
Formal Methods of Assessing Families	401	(3)
Family Therapy Scales	404	(4)
Marital and Couple Therapy Scales	408	(5)
Summary and Conclusion	413	(4)
Appendix A Family Therapy Through the Decades	417	(4)
Appendix B AAMFT Code of Ethics	421	(7)
Appendix C IAMFC Ethical Codes	428	(8)
Glossary	436	(22)
References	458	(35)
Name Index	493	(10)
Subject Index	503