Financing Education in a Climate of Change

by Percy E. Burrup; Vern Brimley

Edition:

4th

ISBN13:

9780205111596

ISBN10:

0205111599

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

1/1/1988

Publisher(s):

Allyn & Bacon, Inc.

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Summary

In 1994, Congress passed the Improving America's Schools Act. Thereafter came the AMERICA 2000 and GOALS 2000 plans, and the President's ten point proposal, "A Call to Action," recommending costly national tests, And now we are witness to school vouchers, a burgeoning number of charter schools, and the privatization of school districts. The common link among these educational policies, recommendations and changes is finance. This book explores the all-important subject of educational finance through scrutiny of both the past and present. This comprehensive book examines school finance, encompassing the historical, economic, and legal perspectives. An excellent reference guide, the book is written simultaneously in both a scholarly and reader-friendly manner. Other topics covered include lotteries, choice, vouchers, risk-management, business issues for principals, and the equity issue as it relates to the individual school. Educational administrators, teachers, school board members, legislators, and business administrators.

Preface	p. xi
The Economics of Education	p. 1
Economics and Social Progress	p. 3
Education: An Important Industry	p. 4
Resource Allocation to Education	p. 8
Education as Human Capital	p. 14
Creation of Wealth and Education	p. 19
Increasing Expenditures and the Economy	p. 19
Noneconomic Benefits of Education	p. 20
Education Produces External Benefits	p. 21
Cost-Quality Relationship in Education	p. 23
Financing Education Adequately	p. 30
Education Deserves Higher Priority	p. 35
The Increasing Costs of Education	p. 36
The Consequences of Not Educating People	p. 44
Education and Accountability	p. 51
Underinvestment Is Poor Economy	p. 53
Financing Education Equitably	p. 59
Inequalities in Financing Education	p. 60
Equity: An Objective of School Finance Reform	p. 62
Equity at the School Level	p. 65
Measures of School District Wealth	p. 72
Historical Influences on Equity	p. 76
The Equalization Principle	p. 80
Improving State Equalization Practices	p. 80
Foundation Program Variations	p. 81
The Impact of Average Daily Attendance on Equity	p. 85
Confusion in Current School Finance Practices	p. 86
Patterns for Developing School Finance Systems	p. 92
Concern for Equal Rights	p. 92
Full State Funding	p. 93
District Power Equalization	p. 96
Property Reassessment and Local District Revenues	p. 102
Determining the Best Finance Plan	p. 102
Equalization of Services	p. 103
Emphasis on Weighting Factors	p. 104
Principal Types of Weightings	p. 105
Sources of Revenue	p. 116
The Taxation System	p. 116
Characteristics of a Good Tax System	p. 118
Criteria for Evaluating Tax Structure	p. 122
Taxes for Education	p. 123
Property Tax	p. 123
Income Tax	p. 127
Sales Tax	p. 128
Sumptuary Tax	p. 130
Severance Tax	p. 130
Potential New Taxes	p. 131
Lotteries	p. 132
Private Foundations	p. 135
School-Business Partnerships	p. 135
Eroding Local Control	p. 142
Diminishing Local Control	p. 142
Decreasing Rural Influence on Education	p. 143
Decreasing Urban Economic Advantages	p. 144
School Districts: Basic Administrative Units	p. 144
The Administration of Local School Districts	p. 148
Local Fiscal Control	p. 153
Advantages of Local Control	p. 157
Fiscal Independence of School Districts	p. 158
Trends in Local Taxation Practices	p. 158
Measures of Local Taxpaying Ability	p. 159
Local, State, and Federal Tax Responsibility	p. 159
Education: A State Function	p. 164
Early Development of State Responsibility	p. 165
Development of School Finance Policies	p. 167
Developmental Stages of School Finance Theory	p. 171
The Varying State Roles	p. 179
State Financial Support	p. 189
State Ability to Support Education	p. 193
Federal Interest in Education	p. 197
Historical Role of the Federal Government	p. 197
Federal Involvement: A Fluctuating Role	p. 200
Federal Expenditures	p. 203
Limited Federal Aid: A Reality	p. 204
Federal Fiscal Advantages and Disadvantages	p. 205
Distributing Federal Funds	p. 206
Federal-State-Local Finance Sharing	p. 208
Federal Aid in Lieu of Taxes	p. 210
Increased Governmental Services	p. 210
The Future of Federal Aid-to-Education Programs	p. 212
Department of Education	p. 213
The Influence and Climate of the Courts	p. 218
Court Decision Guidelines	p. 219
Power of the Courts	p. 221
Equal Protection and the Courts before 1971	p. 222
Serrano v. Priest (1971)	p. 222
Consequences of Serrano	p. 224
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez (1973)	p. 226
State Court Cases	p. 228
Complexity of Judicial Review	p. 230
Meeting Court Mandates	p. 232
Court Cases and Equity	p. 233
Principles Established by Court Decisions	p. 237
Pressure for Reform	p. 237
Finance Studies and Reform Efforts	p. 238
Factors Limiting School Finance Reform	p. 239
California's Proposition 13	p. 239
Finance Reform or Tax Reduction	p. 241
Public Funds and Nonpublic Schools	p. 246
A Controversial Issue	p. 246
Nonpublic School Enrollments	p. 248
The Law and Church-State Relations	p. 249
Intervention by the Courts	p. 251
Educational Choice	p. 255
Controversy Not Solved	p. 262
Financing School Facilities	p. 267
Complete Local Support	p. 268
Factors Restricting Local Responsibility	p. 269
State Capital-Outlay Financing	p. 270
The Federal Government and Capital Outlays	p. 272
State Support	p. 273
Debt Limitations Liberalized	p. 276
Equity in Financing Educational Facilities	p. 276
Equalization of School Building Costs	p. 277
Capital-Outlay Finance Plans	p. 278
School Bonding Practices	p. 281
Impact Fees	p. 288
Other Alternatives	p. 289
Administering the School Budget	p. 293
Evolution of Budgetary Practices	p. 293
The Budget	p. 294
Administration of the Budget	p. 300
Budgeting at the School Level	p. 303
School/District Coordination	p. 306
Systems of Budget Administration	p. 310
Challenge of Leadership	p. 315
Accounting and Auditing	p. 319
The School Accounting System	p. 320
Standard Accounting Practices	p. 322
The Use of Clearing Accounts	p. 324
Encumbrance Accounting	p. 325
Cost Accounting	p. 326
Accrual Accounting	p. 326
Computerized Accounting Systems	p. 327
Receiving and Depositing Funds	p. 328
Expending School Funds	p. 328
Financial Reports	p. 329
Auditing	p. 330
Protecting School Funds	p. 334
Business Aspects of the School Community	p. 338
The Business Office	p. 338
Supplies and Equipment	p. 340
Purchasing	p. 341
Supply Management	p. 345
Risk Management and Insurance	p. 347
Insurance	p. 350
Transportation	p. 356
School Food Services	p. 357
Human Resources and School Finance	p. 363
Expanding Role of Human Resource Administration	p. 364
Issues in School Human Resources	p. 366
Salary Schedules and Merit Pay	p. 370
Trends in Salary Scheduling	p. 373
Benefits	p. 374
Teachers and School Finance	p. 377
The Changing Assignments of Teachers	p. 378
Administrative and Supervisory Salaries	p. 380
Noncertificated Personnel Salaries	p. 381
Payroll Policies and Procedures	p. 381
Current Certification Issues	p. 383
Early Retirement	p. 384
The Road Ahead in School Finance	p. 388
The Unpredictable Future of Public School Finance	p. 390
Unresolved Issues	p. 391
Some Characteristics of Educational Structure	p. 392
School Finance Goals	p. 393
The Challenge	p. 394
Some Important Federal Programs	p. 397
Index	p. 409
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Financing Education in a Climate of Change

9780205111596

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Table of Contents