The First Crusade

by Peters, Edward M.

• ISBN13: 9780812216561
• ISBN10: 0812216563
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1998-06-18
• Publisher: Univ of Pennsylvania Pr

Summary

The First Crusade received its name and shape late. To its contemporaries, the event was a journey and the men who took part in it pilgrims. Only later were those participants dubbed Crusaders--"those signed with the Cross." In fact, many developments with regard to the First Crusade, like the bestowing of the cross and the elaboration of Crusaders' privileges, did not occur until the late twelfth century, almost one hundred years after the event itself. In a greatly expanded second edition, Edward Peters brings together the primary texts that document eleventh-century reform ecclesiology, the appearance of new social groups and their attitudes, the institutional and literary evidence dealing with Holy War and pilgrimage, and, most important, the firsthand experiences by men who participated in the events of 1095-1099. Peters supplements his previous work by including a considerable number of texts not available at the time of the original publication. The new material, which constitutes nearly one-third of the book, consists chiefly of materials from non-Christian sources, especially translations of documents written in Hebrew and Arabic. In addition, Peters has extensively revised and expanded the Introduction to address the most important issues of recent scholarship.

Author Biography

Edward Peters is Henry Charles Lea Professor of History at the University of Pennsylvania. His publications include The Magician, the Witch, and the Law, The First Crusade,Heresy and Authority in Medieval Europe, and, with Alan C. Kors, Witchcraft in Europe, 400-1700: A Documentary History, all available from the University of Pennsylvania Press.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi	(2)
Abbreviations	xiii
Introduction	1	(24)
I. Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont, November 27, 1095	25	(22)
1. The Speech of Urban: The Gesta Version	25	(1)
2. The Speech of Urban: The Version of Robert of Rheims	26	(3)
3. The Speech of Urban: The Version of Baldric of Dol	29	(4)
4. The Speech of Urban: The Version of Guibert of Nogent	33	(4)
5. The Privilege of Urban to the Pilgrims	37	(1)
6. The Truce of God Proclaimed in the Diocese of Cologne	38	(3)
7. The Truce of God Proclaimed at the Council of Clermont	41	(1)
8. Urban's Letter to the Faithful in Flanders	42	(1)
9. Urban in Anjou, Lent, 1096: The Chronicle of Fulk le Rechin	42	(2)
10. Urban's Letter to His Supporters in Bologna	44	(1)
11. Urban's Letter to the Monks of Vallombrosa	44	(1)
12. Urban's Letter to the Counts of Besalu, Empurias, Rousillon, and Cerdana and Their Followers	45	(2)
II. The Chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres, Book I (1095-1100)	47	(55)
Martha E. McGinty
III. Peter the Hermit and the "Crusade of the People" (March-October, 1096)	102	(50)
1. Peter the Hermit: The Version of Guibert of Nogent	103	(1)
2. Peter the Hermit: The Version of Albert of Aachen	103	(4)
3. Peter the Hermit: The Version of William of Tyre	107	(2)
4. The Slaughter of the Jews: The Version of Albert of Aachen	109	(3)
5. The Slaughter of the Jews: The Version of Ekkehard of Aura	112	(1)
6. Gezerot Tatnu 4856: The Version of the Anonymous of Mainz	112	(13)
7. Gezerot Tatnu 4856: The Version of Solomon ben Simson	125	(14)
8. Folcmar and Gottschalk in Hungary: The Version of Albert of Aachen	139	(1)
9. Folcmar and Gottschalk in Hungary: The Version of Ekkehard of Aura	140	(1)
10. The Crusaders in Hungary: The Version of Solomon ben Simson	140	(3)
11. The End of the "Crusade of the People":The Version of Anna Comnena	143	(1)
12. The End of the "Crusade of the People": The Gesta Version	144	(2)
13. The End of the "Crusade of the People": The Version of Albert of Aachen	146	(4)
14. The Byzantines Save Peter the Hermit: The Version of Anna Comnena	150	(2)
IV. The Journey to Constantinople (August, 1096-May, 1097)	152	(7)
1. The Gesta Version	152	(1)
2. The Deserters: The Version of Albert of Aachen	153	(1)
3. Bohemund: The Gesta Version	153	(3)
4. Raymond of Toulouse and Ademar of Le Puy: The Version of Raymond d'Aguilers	156	(3)
V. The Crusaders at Constantinople (October, 1096-May, 1097)	159	(21)
1. Hugh of Vermandois: The Version of Anna Comnena	159	(2)
2. Godfrey of Bouillon: The Gesta Version	161	(1)
3. Godfrey of Bouillon: The Version of Albert of Aachen	162	(6)
4. Godfrey of Bouillon: The Version of Anna Comnena	168	(3)
5. The Byzantines: The Version of Peter Tudebode	171	(2)
6. Bohemund: The Gesta Version	173	(1)
7. Bohemund: The Version of Anna Comnena	174	(3)
8. Raymond of Toulouse and Ademar of Le Puy: The Version of Raymond d'Aguilers	177	(1)
9. Raymond of Toulouse: The Gesta Version	178	(1)
10. Raymond of Toulouse: The Version of Anna Comnena	179	(1)
VI. The Siege and Capture of Nicaea (May-June, 1097)	180	(7)
1. The Gesta Version	180	(2)
2. The Version of Raymond d'Aguilers	182	(2)
3. The Version of Anna Comnena	184	(1)
4. The Letter of Emperor Alexius I to the Abbot of Monte Cassino	185	(2)
VII. The Siege and Capture of Antioch, Kerbogha's Attack, and the Discovery of the Holy Lance (October, 1097-July, 1098)	187	(51)
1. Nicaea to Antioch: The Version of Peter Tudebode	188	(1)
2. The Gesta Version	189	(2)
3. The Version of Raymond d'Aguilers	191	(2)
4. The Suffering of the Crusaders: The Gesta Version	193	(3)
5. The Suffering of the Crusaders: The Version of Raymond d'Aguilers	196	(3)
6. The Suffering of the Crusaders: The Version of Peter Tudebode	199	(3)
7. The Fall of Antioch: The Gesta Version	202	(3)
8. The Fall of Antioch: The Version of Raymond d'Aguilers	205	(1)
9. Kerbogha's Attack: The Gesta Version	206	(5)
10. Kerbogha's Attack: The Version of Raymond d'Aguilers	211	(2)
11. The Discovery of the Holy Lance: The Gesta Version	213	(2)
12. The Discovery of the Holy Lance: The Version of Raymond d'Aguilers	215	(6)
13. The Defeat of Kerbogha: The Gesta Version	221	(3)
14. The Defeat of Kerbogha: The Version of Raymond d'Aguilers	224	(4)
15. The Firanj Seize Antioch: The Version of Ibn al-Athir	228	(3)
16. The Firanj Seize Antioch: The Version of Ibn al-Qalanisi	231	(2)
17. Kerbogha's Attack: The Version of Ibn al-Athir	233	(2)
18. Kerbogha's Attack: The Version of Ibn al-Qalanisi	235	(1)
19. The Firanj Take Ma'arrat an-Nu`man: The Version of Ibn al-Athir	235	(1)
20. The Firanj Take Ma'arrat an-Nu`man: The Version of Ibn al-Qalanisi	236	(2)
VIII. The Siege and Capture of Jerusalem (June-July, 1099)	238	(45)
1. The March to Jerusalem: The Gesta Version	238	(1)
2. The March to Jerusalem: The Version of Raymond d'Aguilers	239	(6)
3. The Fall of Jerusalem: The Version of Peter Tudebode	245	(4)
4. The Fall of Jerusalem: The Version of Raymond d'Aguilers	249	(6)
5. The Fall of Jerusalem: The Gesta Version	255	(1)
6. The Frankish Triumph: The Version of Raymond d'Aguilers	256	(5)
7. "The Vision of Peace": The Gesta Version	261	(1)
8. "The Vision of Peace": The Version of Raymond d'Aguilers	261	(2)
9. "May God Restore It Forever": The Geniza Letters	263	(9)
10. The Firanj Conquer Jerusalem: The Version of Ibn al-Athir	272	(2)
11. The Firanj Conquer Jerusalem: The Version of Ibn al-Qalanisi	274	(1)
12. Ascalon and Its Aftermath: The Version of Ibn al-Qalanisi	275	(2)
13. Ascalon and Its Aftermath: The Version of Peter Tudebode	277	(4)
14. The Latins in the Levant: From the Chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres, Book III	281	(2)
IX. Letters of the Crusaders	283	(15)
1. The Patriarch of Jerusalem to the Church in the West (Antioch, January 1098)	283	(1)
2. Anselm of Ribemont to Manasses II, Archbishop of Rheims (Antioch, February 10, 1098)	284	(3)
3. Stephen, Count of Blois and Chartres, to His Wife, Adele (Antioch, March 29, 1098)	287	(2)
4. Anselm of Ribemont to Manasses II, Archbishop of Rheims (Antioch, July 1098)	289	(2)
5. The People of Lucca on Crusade to All Faithful Christians (Antioch, October 1098)	291	(1)
6. Godfrey of Bouillon, Raymond of St. Gilles, and Daimbert to Pope Paschal II (Laodicea, September 1099)	292	(4)
7. Manasses II, Archbishop of Rheims, to Lambert, Bishop of Arras (1099)	296	(1)
8. Pope Paschal II to the Clergy in Gaul (1099)	297	(1)
X. Three Problematic Texts	298	(11)
1. The "Encyclical" of "Sergius IV"	298	(4)
Thomas G. Waldman
2. La Chanson d'Antioche	302	(5)
3. Nomen a solemnibus	307	(2)
Bibliographical Essay	309