Foundations of Macroeconomics

by Bade, Robin; Parkin, Michael

• ISBN13: 9780321178589
• ISBN10: 0321178580
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-03-01
• Publisher: Addison-Wesley

Summary

Everyone agrees that they only way to learn economics is to do it. Rote memorization does not work. the keys to success in economics are active involvement and working problems. to help students succeed, the Bade/Parkin package is designed to encourage learning by doing. After all, practice makes perfect! Practice is the cornerstone of the innovative Bade/Parkin approach. Each chapter of Foundations of Economics concentrates on a manageable number of core concepts. A full page Checkpoint containing a Practice Problem with solution and a parallel Exercise immediately follows each main idea. Checkpoints serve as stopping points and encourage students to practice using a concept before moving on. Different learning styles need different learning tools, and eFoundations, Bade/Parkin's extensive web environment, puts students in the driver's seat and allows them to use technology in the way that suits them best.

Table of Contents

PART 1 INTRODUCTION
Getting Started	1	(34)
Chapter Checklist	1	(1)
Definitions and Questions	2	(6)
Microeconomics	3	(1)
Macroeconomics	3	(1)
Macroeconomic Questions	3	(4)
Checkpoint 1.1	7	(1)
Economics: A Social Science	8	(5)
Observing and Measuring	8	(1)
Model Building	9	(1)
Testing	9	(1)
Unscrambling Cause and Effect	10	(2)
Checkpoint 1.2	12	(1)
Macroeconomic Ideas	13	(5)
Rational Choice and Incentives	13	(2)
The Standard of Living and Productivity	15	(1)
The Cost of Living and the Quantity of Money	15	(1)
Expenditure and Productivity Fluctuations	16	(1)
Checkpoint 1.3	17	(1)
Why Economics Is Worth Studying	18	(17)
Understanding	18	(1)
Expanded Career Opportunities	19	(1)
The Costs of Studying Economics	20	(1)
Benefits Versus Costs	20	(1)
Checkpoint 1.4	20	(1)
Chapter Checkpoint	21	(4)
Appendix: Making and Using Graphs	25	(1)
Appendix Checklist	25	(1)
Basic Idea	25	(1)
Interpreting Data Graphs	26	(2)
Interpreting Graphs Used in Economic Models	28	(3)
The Slope of a Relationship	31	(1)
Relationships Among More Than Two Variables	32	(2)
Appendix Checkpoint	34
Eye on the Past Adam Smith and the Birth of Economics as a Modern Social Science	10	(25)
The U.S. and Global Economies	35	(24)
Chapter Checklist	35	(1)
What, How, and For Whom?	36	(6)
What Do We Produce?	36	(1)
How Do We Produce?	37	(2)
For Whom Do We Produce?	39	(2)
Checkpoint 2.1	41	(1)
Circular Flows	42	(7)
Households and Firms	42	(1)
Markets	42	(1)
Real Flows and Money Flows	42	(2)
Governments	44	(1)
Governments in the Circular Flow	45	(1)
Federal Government Expenditures and Revenue	46	(1)
State and Local Government Expenditures and Revenue	47	(1)
Checkpoint 2.2	48	(1)
Macroeconomic Performance	49	(10)
Standard of Living	49	(3)
Cost of Living	52	(1)
Economic Fluctuations	52	(2)
Checkpoint 2.3	54	(1)
Chapter Checkpoint	55
Eye on the Past Changes in Human Capital	38	(10)
Eye on the Global Economy Production and People in the World Today	48	(11)
The Economic Problem	59	(22)
Chapter Checklist	59	(1)
Production Possibilities	60	(6)
Production Possibilities Frontier	60	(5)
Checkpoint 3.1	65	(1)
Opportunity Cost	66	(4)
The Opportunity Cost of a Bottle of Water	66	(1)
The Opportunity Cost of a CD	67	(1)
Opportunity Cost Is a Ratio	67	(1)
Increasing Opportunity Cost	68	(1)
Increasing Opportunity Costs Are Everywhere	68	(1)
Checkpoint 3.2	69	(1)
Specialization and Trade	70	(4)
Comparative Advantage	70	(2)
Achieving the Gains from Trade	72	(1)
Absolute Advantage	72	(1)
Checkpoint 3.3	73	(1)
Expanding Production Possibilities	74	(7)
Economic Growth in an Industry	74	(1)
Checkpoint 3.4	75	(2)
Chapter Checkpoint	77
Eye on the Global Economy Economic Growth in the United States and Hong Kong	76	(5)
Demand and Supply	81	(30)
Chapter Checklist	81	(1)
Competitive Markets	82	(1)
Demand	83	(5)
The Law of Demand	83	(1)
Demand Schedule and Demand Curve	83	(2)
Changes in Demand	85	(2)
Checkpoint 4.1	87	(1)
Supply	88	(5)
The Law of Supply	88	(1)
Supply Schedule and Supply Curve	88	(2)
Changes in Supply	90	(2)
Checkpoint 4.2	92	(1)
Market Equilibrium	93	(8)
Price: A Market's Automatic Regulator	94	(1)
Effects of Changes in Demand	95	(1)
Effects of Changes in Supply	96	(2)
Changes in Both Demand and Supply	98	(2)
Checkpoint 4.3	100	(1)
Price Rigidities	101	(10)
Price Ceiling	101	(2)
Price Floor	103	(1)
Sticky Price	104	(2)
Checkpoint 4.4	106	(1)
Chapter Checkpoint	107
Eye on the Global Economy A Change in the Demand for Roses	97	(1)
Eye on the Global Economy A Change in the Supply of Wheat	97	(8)
Eye on the U.S. Economy The Federal Minimum Wage	105	(6)
PART 2 MONITORING THE MACROECONOMY
GDP and the Standard of Living	111	(24)
Chapter Checklist	111	(1)
GDP, Income, and Expenditure	112	(5)
GDP Defined	112	(1)
Circular Flows in the U.S. Economy	113	(1)
Expenditure Equals Income	114	(2)
Checkpoint 5.1	116	(1)
Measuring U.S. GDP	117	(6)
The Expenditure Approach	117	(1)
Expenditures Not in GDP	118	(1)
The Income Approach	119	(2)
Valuing the Output of Industries	121	(1)
Checkpoint 5.2	122	(1)
Nominal GDP Versus Real GDP	123	(4)
Calculating Real GDP	123	(2)
Calculating the GDP Deflator	125	(1)
Checkpoint 5.3	126	(1)
Real GDP and the Standard of Living	127	(8)
Goods and Services Omitted from GDP	127	(1)
Other Influences on the Standard of Living	128	(2)
Checkpoint 5.4	130	(1)
Chapter Checkpoint	131
Eye on the U.S. Economy Is a Computer Program an Intermediate Good or a Final Good?	118	(7)
Eye on the U.S. Economy Deflating the GDP Balloon	125	(4)
Eye on the Global Economy The Human Development Index	129	(6)
Jobs and Unemployment	135	(24)
Chapter Checklist	135	(1)
Labor Market Indicators	136	(5)
Current Population Survey	136	(1)
Population Survey Criteria	136	(1)
Two Main Labor Market Indicators	137	(1)
Discouraged Workers	138	(1)
Part-Time Workers	138	(1)
Aggregate Hours	139	(1)
Checkpoint 6.1	140	(1)
Labor Market Trends and Fluctuations	141	(6)
Unemployment	141	(1)
The Participation Rate	142	(1)
Part-Time Workers	143	(1)
Aggregate and Average Hours	144	(2)
Checkpoint 6.2	146	(1)
The Sources and Types of Unemployment	147	(12)
Sources of Unemployment	147	(1)
How Unemployment Ends	148	(1)
Labor Market Flows: A Summary	148	(1)
Types of Unemployment	149	(2)
Duration and Demographics of Unemployment	151	(1)
Full Employment	152	(1)
Unemployment and Real GDP	152	(2)
Checkpoint 6.3	154	(1)
Chapter Checkpoint	155
Eye on the U.S. Economy The Current Population Survey	139	(3)
Eye on the U.S. Economy The Labor Market in the Great Depression	142	(1)
Eye on the Global Economy Unemployment Around the World	143	(2)
Eye on the Global Economy Women in the Labor Force	145	(14)
The CPI and the Cost of Living	159	(22)
Chapter Checklist	159	(1)
The Consumer Price Index	160	(6)
Reading the CPI Numbers	160	(1)
Constructing the CPI	160	(1)
The CPI Basket	160	(1)
The Monthly Price Survey	161	(1)
Calculating the CPI	162	(1)
Measuring Inflation	163	(2)
Checkpoint 7.1	165	(1)
The CPI and the Cost of Living	166	(5)
The Biased CPI	166	(1)
The Magnitude of the Bias	167	(1)
Two Consequences of the CPI Bias	167	(1)
The GDP Deflator: A Better Measure?	168	(2)
Checkpoint 7.2	170	(1)
Nominal and Real Values	171	(10)
Dollars and Cents at Different Dates	171	(1)
Nominal and Real Values in Macroeconomics	171	(1)
Nominal and Real Wage Rates	172	(2)
Nominal and Real Interest Rates	174	(2)
Checkpoint 7.3	176	(1)
Chapter Checkpoint	177
Eye on the Past 700 Years of Inflation and Deflation	164	(8)
Eye on the Past The Nominal and Real Price of a First-Class Letter	172	(2)
Eye on the Past The Nominal and Real Wage Rates of the Presidents of the United States	174	(7)
PART 3 THE REAL ECONOMY	181	(82)
AS-AD and Potential GDP	181	(28)
Chapter Checklist	181	(1)
Understanding Macroeconomic Performance	182	(1)
The AS-AD Model	183	(6)
Aggregate Supply	183	(1)
Aggregate Demand	184	(2)
Macroeconomic Equilibrium	186	(2)
Checkpoint 8.1	188	(1)
Potential GDP	189	(9)
The Production Function	190	(1)
The Labor Market	191	(5)
The Functional Distribution of Income	196	(1)
Checkpoint 8.2	197	(1)
The Natural Unemployment Rate	198	(11)
Job Search	199	(1)
Job Rationing	200	(4)
Checkpoint 8.3	204	(1)
Chapter Checkpoint	205
Eye on the U.S. Economy Real GDP Growth, Inflation, and the Business Cycle	187	(2)
Eye on the U.S. Economy Potential GDP in the 1960s and 1990s	189	(7)
Eye on the U.S. Economy Explaining the Differences Between the 1960s and 1990s	196	(2)
Eye on the Past Average Unemployment Rates over Five Decades	198	(2)
Eye on the Global Economy Unemployment Benefits and the Natural Unemployment Rate	200	(3)
Eye on the U.S. Economy Unemployment and the Minimum Wage	203	(6)
Investment and Saving	209	(24)
Chapter Checklist	209	(1)
Capital, Investment, Wealth, and Saving	210	(5)
Capital and Investment	210	(2)
Wealth and Saving	212	(1)
Financial Markets	212	(1)
Global Financial Markets	212	(2)
Checkpoint 9.1	214	(1)
Investment, Saving, and Interest	215	(10)
Investment Demand	215	(3)
Saving Supply	218	(3)
Financial Market Equilibrium	221	(1)
Checkpoint 9.2	222	(3)
Government in the Financial Market	225	(8)
Government Budget and Government Saving	225	(1)
Effect of Government Saving	225	(1)
Government Deficit and Crowding Out	226	(2)
Checkpoint 9.3	228	(1)
Chapter Checkpoint	229
Eye on the U.S. Economy Investment and Capital, 1971--2001	211	(13)
Eye on the Global Economy Saving, Investment, and the Real Interest Rate Roller Coaster---1973 to 2002	224	(9)
Economic Growth	233	(30)
Chapter Checklist	233	(1)
The Basics of Economic Growth	234	(4)
Calculating Growth Rates	234	(1)
The Magic of Sustained Growth	235	(2)
Checkpoint 10.1	237	(1)
The Sources of Economic Growth	238	(7)
Aggregate Hours	238	(1)
Labor Productivity	238	(2)
Sources of Growth: A Summary	240	(1)
The Productivity Curve	241	(3)
Checkpoint 10.2	244	(1)
Theories of Economic Growth	245	(10)
Classical Growth Theory	245	(2)
Neoclassical Growth Theory	247	(2)
New Growth Theory	249	(3)
Growth in the Global Economy	252	(2)
Checkpoint 10.3	254	(1)
Achieving Faster Growth	255	(8)
Preconditions for Economic Growth	255	(1)
Policies to Achieve Faster Growth	256	(1)
How Much Difference Can Policy Make?	257	(1)
Checkpoint 10.4	258	(1)
Chapter Checkpoint	259
Eye on the Past How Fast Has Real GDP per Person Grown?	236	(6)
Eye on the U.S. Economy Labor Productivity and Economic Growth Since 1962	242	(10)
Eye on the U.S. Economy Labor Productivity and Capital per Hour: 1960--2001	252	(1)
Eye on the Global Economy Persistent Gaps or Convergence?	253	(10)
PART 4 THE MONEY ECONOMY	263	(78)
Money and the Monetary System	263	(26)
Chapter Checklist	263	(1)
What is Money?	264	(8)
Definition of Money	264	(1)
Medium of Exchange	265	(1)
Unit of Account	265	(1)
Store of Value	265	(1)
Money Today	266	(1)
Credit Cards, Debit Cards, E-Checks, and E-Cash	267	(2)
Official Measures of Money: M1 and M2	269	(2)
Checkpoint 11.1	271	(1)
The Monetary System	272	(7)
Commercial Banks	272	(2)
Thrift Institutions	274	(1)
Money Market Funds	274	(1)
Relative Size of Monetary Institutions	275	(1)
The Economic Functions of Monetary Institutions	276	(2)
Checkpoint 11.2	278	(1)
The Federal Reserve System	279	(10)
The Structure of the Federal Reserve	279	(2)
The Fed's Power Center	281	(1)
The Fed's Policy Tools	281	(1)
The Monetary Base	282	(1)
How the Fed's Policy Tools Work: A Quick First Look	283	(1)
Checkpoint 11.3	284	(1)
Chapter Checkpoint	285
Eye on the Global Economy The U.S. Dollar Abroad	270	(7)
Eye on the Global Economy Big Banks	277	(12)
Money Creation and Control	289	(24)
Chapter Checklist	289	(1)
How Banks Create Money	290	(10)
Creating a Bank	290	(6)
The Limits to Money Creation	296	(2)
The Deposit Multiplier	298	(1)
Checkpoint 12.1	299	(1)
Influencing the Quantity of Money	300	(13)
How Required Reserve Ratios Work	300	(1)
How the Discount Rate Works	300	(1)
How an Open Market Operation Works	300	(3)
The Multiplier Effect of an Open Market Operation	303	(3)
The Money Multiplier	306	(2)
Checkpoint 12.2	308	(1)
Chapter Checkpoint	309
Eye on the Past The ``Invention'' of Banking	291	(16)
Eye on the U.S. Economy The Money Multiplier	307	(6)
Money, Interest, and Inflation	313	(28)
Chapter Checklist	313	(1)
Where We Are and Where We're Heading	314	(1)
The Real Economy	314	(1)
The Money Economy	314	(1)
Money and the Interest Rate	315	(8)
The Demand for Money	315	(2)
Changes in the Demand for Money	317	(1)
Shifts in the Demand for Money Curve	318	(1)
The Nominal Interest Rate	319	(2)
Changing the Interest Rate	321	(1)
Checkpoint 13.1	322	(1)
Money, the Price Level, and Inflation	323	(10)
The Money Market in the Long Run	323	(2)
A Change in the Quantity of Money	325	(2)
The Quantity Theory of Money	327	(2)
Inflation and the Quantity Theory of Money	329	(2)
Hyperinflation	331	(1)
Checkpoint 13.2	332	(1)
The Cost of Inflation	333	(8)
Tax Costs	333	(1)
Shoe-Leather Costs	334	(1)
Confusion Costs	334	(1)
Uncertainty Costs	335	(1)
How Big Is the Cost of Inflation?	336	(1)
Checkpoint 13.3	336	(1)
Chapter Checkpoint	337
Eye on the U.S. Economy Money and Credit Cards	320	(10)
Eye on the U.S. Economy The Quantity Theory of Money in Action	330	(1)
Eye on the Past Hyperinflation in Germany in the 1920s	331	(10)
PART 5 ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS	341	(132)
AS-AD and the Business Cycle	341	(28)
Chapter Checklist	341	(1)
Business-Cycle Definitions and Facts	342	(4)
Dating Business-Cycle Turning Points	342	(1)
U.S. Business-Cycle History	342	(1)
Recent Cycles	343	(2)
Checkpoint 14.1	345	(1)
Aggregate Supply	346	(6)
Aggregate Supply Basics	346	(1)
Aggregate Supply and Potential GDP	346	(3)
Changes in Aggregate Supply	349	(2)
Checkpoint 14.2	351	(1)
Aggregate Demand	352	(6)
Aggregate Demand Basics	352	(1)
Aggregate Demand and the AD Curve	352	(2)
Changes in Aggregate Demand	354	(3)
Checkpoint 14.3	357	(1)
Understanding the Business Cycle	358	(11)
Aggregate Demand Fluctuations	358	(2)
Aggregate Supply Fluctuations	360	(2)
Adjustment Toward Full Employment	362	(2)
Checkpoint 14.4	364	(1)
Chapter Checkpoint	365
Eye on the Past Oil Price Cycles in the U.S. and Global Economies	361	(2)
Eye on the U.S. Economy The National Bureau Calls a Recession	363	(6)
Aggregate Expenditure	369	(28)
Chapter Checklist	369	(1)
A Quick Review and Preview	370	(1)
The Economy at Full Employment	370	(1)
Departures from Full Employment	370	(1)
Fixed Price Level	370	(1)
Expenditure Plans and Real GDP	371	(7)
Planned and Unplanned Expenditures	371	(1)
Autonomous Expenditure and Induced Expenditure	372	(1)
The Consumption Function	372	(4)
Imports and GDP	376	(1)
Checkpoint 15.1	377	(1)
Equilibrium Expenditure	378	(6)
Aggregate Planned Expenditure and Real GDP	378	(2)
Equilibrium Expenditure	380	(1)
Convergence to Equilibrium	381	(2)
Checkpoint 15.2	383	(1)
The Expenditure Multiplier	384	(6)
The Basic Idea of the Multiplier	384	(1)
The Size of the Multiplier	385	(1)
Why Is the Multiplier Greater Than 1?	386	(1)
The Multiplier and the MPC	386	(1)
Imports and Income Taxes	387	(1)
Business-Cycle Turning Points	388	(1)
Checkpoint 15.3	389	(1)
The AD Curve and Equilibrium Expenditure	390	(7)
Deriving the AD Curve from Equilibrium Expenditure	390	(2)
Checkpoint 15.4	392	(1)
Chapter Checkpoint	393
Eye on the U.S. Economy The U.S. Consumption Function	376	(6)
Eye on the Past Say's Law and Keynes' Principle of Effective Demand	382	(15)
Fiscal and Monetary Policy Effects	397	(26)
Chapter Checklist	397	(1)
The Federal Budget and Fiscal Policy	398	(12)
The Federal Budget	398	(3)
Discretionary Fiscal Policy: Demand-Side Effects	401	(3)
Discretionary Fiscal Policy: Supply-Side Effects	404	(3)
Limitations of Discretionary Fiscal Policy	407	(1)
Automatic Fiscal Policy	408	(1)
Checkpoint 16.1	409	(1)
The Federal Reserve and Monetary Policy	410	(13)
The Monetary Policy Process	410	(1)
Influencing the Interest Rate	411	(2)
The Ripple Effects of the Fed's Actions	413	(2)
Monetary Stabilization in the AS-AD Model	415	(2)
Limitations of Monetary Stabilization Policy	417	(1)
Checkpoint 16.2	418	(1)
Chapter Checkpoint	419
Eye on the Past Federal Receipts and Expenditures	399	(1)
Eye on the Global Economy The U.S. Budget in Global Perspective	399	(8)
Eye on the U.S. Economy The 2003 Stimulus Package	407	(10)
Eye on the U.S. Economy The Fed in Action	417	(6)
The Short-Run Policy Tradeoff	423	(24)
Chapter Checklist	423	(1)
The Short-Run Phillips Curve	424	(6)
Aggregate Supply and the Short-Run Phillips Curve	425	(3)
Why Bother with the Phillips Curve?	428	(1)
Checkpoint 17.1	429	(1)
Short-Run and Long-Run Phillips Curves	430	(9)
The Long-Run Phillips Curve	430	(1)
Long-Run Adjustment in the AS-AD Model	431	(1)
Expected Inflation	432	(1)
The Natural Rate Hypothesis	433	(1)
Changes in the Natural Unemployment Rate	434	(1)
Does the Natural Unemployment Rate Change?	435	(3)
Checkpoint 17.2	438	(1)
Expected Inflation	439	(8)
What Determines the Expected Inflation Rate?	439	(1)
How Responsive Is the Tradeoff to a Change in Expected Inflation?	440	(1)
What Can Policy Do to Lower Expected Inflation?	440	(2)
Checkpoint 17.3	442	(1)
Chapter Checkpoint	443
Eye on the Past The U.S. Phillips Curve	427	(1)
Eye on the Global Economy Inflation and Unemployment	428	(6)
Eye on the Past A Live Test of the Natural Rate Hypothesis	434	(2)
Eye on the U.S. Economy The Shifting Short-Run Tradeoff	436	(11)
Fiscal and Monetary Policy Debates	447	(26)
Chapter Checklist	447	(1)
Fiscal Policy Versus Monetary Policy	448	(6)
Policy Effects	448	(3)
Goal Conflicts	451	(1)
Timing and Flexibility	452	(1)
And the Winner Is?	452	(1)
Checkpoint 18.1	453	(1)
Rules Versus Discretion	454	(8)
Discretionary Policy	454	(1)
Fixed-Rule Policies	454	(1)
Feedback-Rule Policies	454	(1)
Stabilizing Aggregate Demand Shocks	455	(3)
Stabilizing Aggregate Supply Shocks	458	(3)
Checkpoint 18.2	461	(1)
Targeting Inflation	462	(11)
Real GDP Versus the Price Level	462	(4)
Zero Versus Positive Inflation	466	(2)
Checkpoint 18.3	468	(1)
Chapter Checkpoint	469
Eye on the Past Price Level Targeting	465	(2)
Eye on the U.S. Economy The Fed's Targeting and the Taylor and McCallum Rules	467	(6)
PART 6 THE GLOBAL ECONOMY	473
International Trade	473	(30)
Chapter Checklist	473	(1)
Trade Patterns and Trends	474	(4)
Trade in Goods	474	(1)
Trade in Services	474	(1)
Trends in the Volume of Trade	474	(1)
Trading Partners and Trading Blocs	475	(2)
Balance of Trade and International Borrowing	477	(1)
Checkpoint 19.1	477	(1)
The Gains from International Trade	478	(8)
Why the United States Exports Airplanes	478	(1)
Why the United States Imports T-Shirts	479	(2)
Gains From Trade and the PPF	481	(4)
Checkpoint 19.2	485	(1)
International Trade Restrictions	486	(5)
Tariffs	486	(2)
Nontariff Barriers	488	(2)
Checkpoint 19.3	490	(1)
The Case Against Protection	491	(12)
Three Arguments for Protection	491	(1)
Fatally Flawed Arguments for Protection	492	(3)
Why Is International Trade Restricted?	495	(3)
Checkpoint 19.4	498	(1)
Chapter Checkpoint	499
Eye on the Global Economy The Major Items That We Trade with Other Nations	475	(1)
Eye on the Global Economy The Major U.S. Trading Partners and Volumes of Trade	476	(10)
Eye on the Past The History of the U.S Tariff	486	(11)
Eye on the Global Economy Competing with Low-Wage Nations	497	(6)
International Finance	503
Chapter Checklist	503	(1)
Financing International Trade	504	(7)
Balance of Payments Accounts	504	(2)
Borrowers and Lenders, Debtors and Creditors	506	(1)
Current Account Balance	507	(1)
Net Exports	507	(3)
Checkpoint 20.1	510	(1)
The Exchange Rate	511
Demand in the Foreign Exchange Market	512	(1)
The Law of Demand for Foreign Exchange	512	(1)
Changes in the Demand for Dollars	513	(2)
Supply in the Foreign Exchange Market	515	(1)
The Law of Supply of Foreign Exchange	515	(1)
Changes in the Supply of Dollars	516	(2)
Market Equilibrium	518	(1)
Changes in the Exchange Rate	519	(1)
Exchange Rate Expectations	520	(2)
The Fed in the Foreign Exchange Market	522	(2)
Checkpoint 20.2	524	(1)
Chapter Checkpoint	525
Eye on the Past The U.S. Balance of Payments	505	(4)
Eye on the Global Economy Current Account Balances Around the World	509	(2)
Eye on the Past The Dollar and the Yen Since 1982	511	(10)
Eye on the Global Economy Purchasing Power Parity	521	(2)
Eye on the Global Economy The Bouncing Euro	523
Glossary	1	(1)
Index	1	(1)
Credits	1