Foundations for Mental Health and Community Counseling : An Introduction to the Profession

by Gerig, Mark S.

• ISBN13: 9780131178007
• ISBN10: 0131178008
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-07-05
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

Foundations for Community and Mental Health Counseling: An Introduction to the Professionintroduces readers to the exciting profession of mental health counseling. Learn from the authorrs"s vast experiences in behavioral health, professional associations, and counselor education. Examine the historical and theoretical foundations of mental health and community counseling. Learn about the education, licensure, and certification process of mental health and professional counselors and their work settings and professional practice. Consider contemporary trends in the profession, such as managed care and community mental health. Referenced throughout the book is the recently issued 2005 ACA Code of Ethics.

Table of Contents

Part 1: THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS	1	(88)
What Is a Licensed Mental Health or Professional Counselor?	2	(18)
What Is a Counselor? Enter a Land of Confusion!	5	(1)
What It Means to Be a Mental Health, Community, or Licensed Professional Counselor: Some Helpful Definitions	6	(2)
Relevant Professional Organizations	8	(4)
Other Specialties Within the Counseling Profession	12	(3)
Addictions Counseling	12	(1)
Career Counseling	13	(1)
Gerontological Counseling	13	(1)
Marriage and Family Counseling	13	(1)
Rehabilitation Counseling	14	(1)
School Counseling	14	(1)
Mental Health Counseling and the Allied Mental Health Professions	15	(1)
Conclusion: The Process of Consolidating Professional Identity	16	(2)
Discussion Questions	18	(1)
Suggested Activities	18	(2)
The Counseling Profession in Historical Perspective	20	(18)
Early Views and Treatment of Mental Health and Illness	22	(1)
The Emergence of Psychiatry	23	(1)
Roots of the Counseling-Related Professions	24	(2)
Movement Toward the Professionalization of Counseling	26	(4)
The Private Practice of Psychology	27	(1)
The Child Guidance Movement	27	(1)
Carl Rogers and Nondirective Counseling	27	(1)
Marriage and Family Counseling	28	(1)
Rapid Expansion of Assessment and Increased Sophistication of Vocational Counseling	28	(1)
Post-World War II and the Veterans Administration	29	(1)
The Influence of Professional Organizations	30	(1)
The Professionalization and Expansion of Mental Health Counseling	31	(3)
Problems in the Mental Health System	31	(1)
Increased Effectiveness of Psychopharmacological Interventions	31	(1)
Innovations in Counseling Theories and Techniques	32	(1)
Limited Availability and Access to Community-Based Services	32	(1)
The Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963	32	(1)
Emergence of Mental Health Counseling	33	(1)
Licensure of Mental Health and Professional Counselors	34	(1)
The Consolidation of the Mental Health Counseling Profession	34	(1)
Conclusion	35	(2)
Discussion Questions	37	(1)
Suggested Activities	37	(1)
Theoretical Foundations for Mental Health and Community Counselors	38	(22)
Theory and Personal Characteristics of the Counselor	40	(3)
Self-Schema	40	(1)
Worldview	41	(1)
Interpersonal Style	42	(1)
Process of Change: The Transtheoretical Model	43	(1)
The Role of Theory in Counseling	44	(2)
Foundational Theories for Mental Health and Community Counselors	46	(11)
Theories of Human Development	46	(2)
Ecological Perspective	48	(3)
Theories of Mental Health and the Prevention of Mental Illness	51	(3)
Approaches to Mental Health Promotion	54	(1)
Prevention in the Context of Promoting Mental Health	55	(2)
Conclusion: The Comprehensive Mental Health Counseling Model	57	(1)
Discussion Questions	58	(1)
Suggested Activities	58	(2)
Traditional and Contemporary Theories of Counseling	60	(29)
Traditional Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy	62	(18)
Psychoanalysis	62	(5)
Individual Psychology (Adlerian Therapy)	67	(2)
Behavior Therapy	69	(4)
Cognitive Approaches	73	(3)
Humanistic Therapies and Existential Theory	76	(2)
Family Therapy	78	(2)
Contemporary Trends in Counseling Theories	80	(7)
Pluralism	80	(1)
Postmodernism	81	(2)
Spirituality in Counseling	83	(1)
Biologicalization of Psychopathology and Human Behavior	84	(1)
The Contemporary Economic Context	84	(1)
Technological Advances	85	(2)
Conclusion	87	(1)
Discussion Questions	88	(1)
Suggested Activities	88	(1)
Part 2: THE CREDENTIALING AND PRACTICE OF MENTAL HEALTH AND COMMUNITY COUNSELING	89	(112)
Education, Licensure, and Certification	90	(18)
Academic Preparation of Mental Health and Community Counselors	92	(3)
The CACREP Model of Training for Mental Health and Community Counselors	92	(3)
Standards for Mental Health and Community Counselors Programs	95	(5)
The Credentialing of Mental Health and Community Counselors	100	(3)
Contemporary Issues	103	(2)
Licensure for All 50 States	103	(1)
CACREP Specializations and State Licensure	103	(1)
Licensure and the Lack of Professional Unity	104	(1)
Portability of Licenses	105	(1)
Conclusion	105	(1)
Discussion Questions	106	(1)
Suggested Activities	107	(1)
Employment Settings: Where Mental Health and Community Counselors Work and What They Do	108	(30)
Application of Comprehensive Mental Health Counseling Model	109	(1)
Stages of Helping	110	(17)
Establishing the Relationship	110	(2)
Problem Identification, Assessment, and Goal Setting	112	(7)
Planning of Strategy and Its Implementation	119	(8)
The Traditional Continuum of Mental Health Care and Expanded Settings of Professional Practice	127	(2)
Mental Health and Community Counselors on the Job	129	(7)
Agency/Community Mental Health Centers	129	(1)
Private Practice	130	(1)
Substance Abuse Treatment Program	131	(1)
Small College Counseling Center	132	(1)
University Health Service	133	(2)
Secondary School Setting	135	(1)
Conclusion	136	(1)
Discussion Questions	137	(1)
Suggested Activities	137	(1)
Appraisal and Research in the Practice of Mental Health and Community Counseling	138	(22)
Appraisal	140	(10)
The Uses of Tests	140	(1)
Key Concepts and Principles in Appraisal	141	(2)
Categories of Appraisal Techniques	143	(5)
Ethical Practice in Appraisal	148	(2)
Research and Program Evaluation	150	(7)
Key Concepts and Principles in Research	151	(1)
Specific Models of Research Design	152	(4)
Program Evaluation	156	(1)
Ethical Practice in Research	157	(1)
Conclusion	158	(1)
Discussion Questions	158	(1)
Suggested Activities	159	(1)
Professional Practice in Multicultural Contexts	160	(24)
Diversity and Multiculturalism in America	162	(1)
Multiculturalism as the Fourth Force in Counseling	163	(1)
Key Definitions and Concepts	164	(2)
Barriers to Effective Multicultural Counseling	166	(5)
Cultural Encapsulation	166	(1)
Misapplication of Traditional Theories and Techniques	167	(1)
Systemic Barriers Within Counseling Delivery Systems	168	(1)
Language Barriers and Miscommunication	169	(1)
Mistrust	170	(1)
Foundational Principles in Multicultural Counseling	171	(5)
Activation of Schemas and Confirmatory Bias	171	(1)
Between- Versus Within-Group Differences	172	(1)
Racial/Cultural Identity Development	173	(1)
Acculturation	174	(1)
Multiple Identities	175	(1)
The Culturally Competent Counselor	176	(5)
Conclusion	181	(1)
Discussion Questions	182	(1)
Suggested Activities	183	(1)
Ethical and Legal Issues	184	(17)
The Significance of Ethical Codes and the Law	186	(1)
The Relationship Between the Law and Codes of Ethics	187	(2)
Foundational Principles of Ethical Codes	189	(1)
Codes of Ethics	190	(1)
The Role of the ACA Ethics Committee and the Investigation of Alleged Violations	191	(1)
Specific Ethical and Legal Issues	192	(7)
Competence and Scope of Practice	192	(1)
Informed Consent: Client's Rights and Responsibilities	193	(1)
Confidentiality and Privileged Communication	194	(2)
Protection of Clients and Others From Harm	196	(2)
Professional Boundaries and Dual Relationships	198	(1)
Conclusion	199	(1)
Discussion Questions	200	(1)
Suggested Activities	200	(1)
Part 3: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES AND TRENDS	201	(47)
Managed Care and Third-Party Reimbursement	202	(14)
Managed Care in Context	204	(2)
Financial Risk and the Rise of Insurance Companies	204	(1)
The Push Toward Managed Care	205	(1)
What Is Managed Care?	206	(5)
Procedures for Reducing Utilization	207	(2)
Procedures for Controlling Price per Unit	209	(2)
Impact on the Practice of Mental Health Counseling	211	(2)
Surviving in the Era of Managed Health Counseling	213	(1)
Discussion Questions	214	(1)
Suggested Activities	215	(1)
The Changing Face of Community Mental Health	216	(22)
Community Mental Health in the United States	218	(2)
A Model of Mental Health Delivery Systems	220	(2)
Assessment of the Needs and Wants of Service Recipients	220	(1)
Mission	220	(1)
Goals	220	(1)
Programs	221	(1)
Working Knowledge, Skills, and Resource Supports	222	(1)
Environmental Supports: Technology and Facility	222	(1)
Program Evaluation	222	(1)
Funding Programs Through Grants	222	(2)
Contemporary Trends in Community Mental Health	224	(3)
The Post-Deinstitutionalization Era	224	(1)
Least Restrictive Treatment	224	(1)
Assertive Community Treatment Programs	225	(1)
Consumer Movement and Self-Help	225	(2)
Specific Issues in Community Mental Health	227	(9)
Community Mental Health and the Homeles	227	(2)
Community Mental Health and the Chronic Mentally Ill	229	(1)
Community Mental Health and the Dual-Diagnosed Client	230	(2)
Community Mental Health and Corrections	232	(2)
Community Mental Health and AIDS/HIV	234	(2)
Conclusion	236	(1)
Discussion Questions	236	(1)
Suggested Activities	237	(1)
The Future of Mental Health and Community Counseling	238	(10)
Current Factors Influencing the Profession	239	(3)
Professional Credentialing	240	(1)
Political and Economic Climate	240	(1)
New Models and Delivery Systems	241	(1)
Strengths of the Contemporary Mental Health Counseling Profession	242	(1)
The Struggles of the Contemporary Mental Health Counseling Profession	243	(1)
The Mental Health Counseling Model: Bringing Coherence and Direction to the Profession	244	(2)
Conclusion	246	(1)
Discussion Questions	246	(1)
Suggested Activities	247	(1)
Appendix A: National Professional Associations	248	(1)
Appendix B: Licensure Boards	249	(7)
References	256	(13)
Index	269