Fractal Models in Exploration Geophysics

by Dimri; Srivastava; Vedanti

• ISBN13: 9780080451589
• ISBN10: 0080451586
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2012-07-17
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

The first part of this book presents an overview of the seismic data processing sequence that includes basic tools and recent advancements like processing of multicomponent seismic data and seismic migration at an angle. There has been a tremendous improvement in migration techniques. Multicomponent seismics has become an important core activity of exploration seismology. The processing of multicomponent seismic data fills a separate chapter. The part II of the book is organized to describe the basics of fractal theory and its applicaiton in exploration seismology. The third part focuses on the mapping of complex seismic reservoir that includes mapping of rock properties and irregular geometry of the reservoir. The fundamentals of latest methods like Amplitude Variation with Offset (AVO), Inversion and time lapse (4D) seismics is also provided.

Table of Contents

Foreword	p. ix
Preface	p. xi
Acknowledgments	p. xiii
Volume in Series	p. xv
Introduction of Fractals: Application to Gravity and Magnetic Data	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Fractal and Scaling	p. 2
Behavior of Physical Properties	p. 2
Interpretation of Gravity and Magnetic Data	p. 5
Spectral Analysis	p. 6
Scaling Spectral Analysis	p. 9
Nonstationary Gravity and Magnetic Profiles	p. 11
Field Example: Kuppam-Palani, South India	p. 13
Characterization of Time Series for Fractal Behavior	p. 18
Simulation of One-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Fractal Time/Space Series	p. 18
Examples: Synthesis of Fractal Time Series	p. 23
Fractal Dimension and Design of Geophysical Surveys	p. 23
Conclusion	p. 27
Structural Modeling Using Fractals	p. 29
Introduction	p. 29
Tessellation	p. 29
Automated Perturbation of Model: Some Synthetic Examples	p. 31
Computation of Gravity Response: A Case Study	p. 39
Conclusion	p. 43
Fractal Inversion	p. 47
Introduction	p. 47
Seismic Inversion	p. 49
Generation of Fractal-Based Initial Model	p. 51
Very Fast Simulated Annealing	p. 53
Stochastic Inversion	p. 55
Deterministic Inversion	p. 57
Analysis of Results	p. 59
Conclusion	p. 61
Seismic Reservoir Monitoring	p. 65
Introduction	p. 65
Rock Physics Study	p. 66
Changes Due to Pressure	p. 69
Acquisition of 4D Seismic Data	p. 73
Repeatability	p. 75
Processing of 4D Seismic Data	p. 77
Analysis of 4D Seismic Data	p. 77
Poststack Versus Prestack Analysis	p. 82
Fractal-Based 4D Inversion	p. 84
Time-Lapse Amplitude vs Offset AVO: Distinguish Between Pressure and Saturation Changes	p. 87
Conclusion with Limitations and Challenges in Time-Lapse Study	p. 87
Reservoir Geophysics: Some Basic Concepts	p. 89
Introduction	p. 89
Hydrocarbon Reservoir	p. 89
Reservoir Rock Properties	p. 92
Fractal Porosity	p. 97
Permeability	p. 100
Reservoir Rock Capillary Properties	p. 108
Properties of Reservoir Fluids	p. 111
Conclusion	p. 118
Fluid Flow and Recovery	p. 119
Introduction	p. 119
Fluid Flow in the Reservoir	p. 119
Fractal Behavior of Flow and Media	p. 122
Oil Recovery	p. 125
Material Balance Equations	p. 127
Mechanism of Secondary Recovery	p. 132
Water Alternating Gas (CO2) Injection	p. 132
Numerical Reservoir Simulation: An Overview	p. 136
Advantages and Disadvantages of Reservoir Simulation	p. 147
Conclusion	p. 147
References	p. 149
Index	p. 159
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