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Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology Applications Manual,9780130311177

Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology Applications Manual

by Martini, Frederic

Edition:

5th

ISBN13:

9780130311177

ISBN10:

0130311170

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

8/1/2000

Publisher(s):

Prentice Hall

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Table of Contents

Preface

vii

UNIT 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO DIAGNOSTICS

1

(13)

The Scientific Method

2

(3)

Forming A Hypothesis

2

(1)

Avoiding Bias

3

(1)

The Need for Repeatability

4

(1)

The Diagnosis of Disease

5

(9)

Homeostasis and Disease

5

(1)

Symptoms and Signs

6

(1)

The Steps in Diagnosis

6

(8)

The Purpose of Diagnosis

10

(4)

UNIT 2: APPLIED RESEARCH TOPICS

14

(27)

The Application of Principles in Chemistry

15

(8)

The Medical Importance of Radioisotopes

15

(2)

Radioisotopes and Clinical Testing

15

(1)

Radiopharmaceuticals

16

(1)

Solutions and Concentrations

17

(1)

The Pharmaceutical Use of Isomers

18

(1)

Topics in Metabolism

18

(1)

Artificial Sweeteners

19

(1)

Fat Substitutes

19

(1)

A Closer Look: The Control of Enzyme Activity

19

(3)

Substrate and Product Concentrations

21

(1)

Enzyme Concentration

21

(1)

Competitive Inhibition

21

(1)

Enzyme Activation States

21

(1)

Metabolic Anomalies

22

(1)

Anomalies in Amino Acid Metabolism

22

(1)

Anomalies in Lipid Metabolism: Hypercholesterolemia

22

(1)

Anomalies in Carbohydrate Metabolism: Galactosemia

22

(1)

Topics in Cellular Biology

23

(11)

A Closer Look: The Nature of Pathogens

23

(7)

Bacteria

23

(1)

Viruses

24

(3)

Prions

27

(1)

Unicellular Pathogens and Multicellular Parasites

28

(2)

Methods of Microanatomy

30

(1)

Light Microscopy

30

(1)

Electron Microscopy

31

(1)

Cell Structure and Function

31

(3)

Drugs and the Cell Membrane

31

(1)

Lysosomal Storage Diseases

32

(1)

Mitochondrial DNA, Disease, and Evolution

33

(1)

Topics in Molecular Biology

34

(7)

Genetic Engineering and Gene Therapy

34

(3)

Mapping the Human Genome

34

(1)

Gene Manipulation and Modification

34

(3)

Genetic Engineering---Questions to Think About

37

(1)

A Closer Look: Cancer

37

(4)

Cancer Causes

37

(1)

Detection and Incidence of Cancer

38

(1)

Clinical Staging and Tumor Grading

38

(2)

Cancer Treatment

40

(1)

Cancer and Survival

40

(1)

UNIT 3: THE BODY SYSTEMS: CLINICAL AND APPLIED TOPICS

41

(159)

The Integumentary System

42

(9)

Examination of the Skin

42

(5)

Diagnosing Skin Conditions

42

(2)

Environmental Stress, Inflammation, and Infections of the Skin

44

(1)

Skin Tumors and Skin Cancers

45

(2)

Secondary Disorders of the Skin

47

(2)

Baldness and Hirsutism

47

(1)

Acne

48

(1)

Trauma to the Skin

48

(1)

Treatment of Skin Conditions

49

(2)

Synthetic Skin

49

(2)

The Skeletal System

51

(11)

The Symptoms of Bone and Joint Disorders

52

(1)

Examination of the Skeletal System

52

(5)

Heterotopic Bone Formation

54

(1)

Congenital Disorders ofthe Skeleton

55

(1)

Stimulation of Bone Growth and Repair

56

(1)

Degenerative Disorders of the Skeletal System

57

(5)

Osteoporosis and Age-Related Skeletal Abnormalities

57

(1)

Kyphosis, Lordosis, and Scoliosis

57

(1)

Problems with the Ankle and Foot

57

(1)

A Matter of Perspective

58

(1)

Diagnosing and Treating Disc Problems

59

(1)

Arthroscopic Surgery and the Diagnosis of Joint Injuries

59

(1)

Rheumatism, Arthritis, and Synovial Function

60

(1)

Hip Fractures, Aging, and Professional Athletes

61

(1)

The Muscular System

62

(8)

Signs and Symptoms of Muscular System Disorders

62

(1)

Diagnostic Testts

63

(1)

Disorders of the Muscular System

63

(7)

Disruption of Normal Muscle Organization

63

(4)

Problems with the Control of Muscle Activity

67

(1)

Hernias

68

(1)

Sports Injuries

69

(1)

The Nervous System

70

(27)

The Symptoms of Neurological Disorders

70

(1)

The Neurological Examination

71

(1)

Disorders of the Nervous System

72

(20)

Headaches

72

(1)

Axoplasmic Transport and Disease

72

(2)

Demyelination Disorders

74

(1)

Neurotoxins in Seafood

74

(1)

Neuroactive Drugs

75

(1)

Tay-Sachs Disease

75

(1)

Meningitis

76

(1)

Spinal Anesthesia

76

(1)

Multiple Sclerosis

76

(1)

Spinal Cord Injuries and Experimental Treatments

76

(1)

Shingles and Hansen's Disease

77

(1)

Peripheral Neuropathies

78

(1)

Damage and Repair of Peripheral Nerves

79

(1)

Reflexes and Diagnostic Testing

79

(1)

Cranial Trauma

80

(1)

Aphasia

81

(1)

The Cerebral Nuclei and Parkinson's Disease

81

(1)

Cerebellar Dysfunction

82

(1)

Tic Douloureux

82

(1)

Cranial Reflexes and Cranial Nerve Tests

82

(1)

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

83

(1)

Seizures and Epilepsies

84

(1)

Amnesia

85

(1)

Altered States

85

(1)

Sleep Disorders

86

(1)

Huntington's Disease

87

(1)

Pharmacology and Drug Abuse

87

(2)

Alzheimer's Disease

89

(1)

Hypersensitivity and Sympathetic Function

89

(1)

Pharmacology and the Autonomic Nervous System

89

(2)

A Closer Look: Transduction

91

(1)

Analyzing Sensory Disorders

92

(5)

A Closer Look: Pain Mechanisms, Pathways, and Control

93

(1)

Assessment of Tactile Sensitivities

94

(1)

Otitis Media and Mastoiditis

94

(1)

Vertigo and Meniere's Disease

95

(1)

Testing and Treating Hearing Deficits

95

(2)

The Endocrine System

97

(8)

A Classification of Endocrine Disorders

97

(1)

Disorders Due to Endocrine Gland Abnormalities

97

(1)

Disorders Due to Endocrine or Neural Regulatory Mechanism Abnormalities

98

(1)

Disorders Due to Target Tissue Abnormalities

98

(1)

The Symptoms of Endocrine Disorders

98

(1)

The Diagnosis of Endocrine Disorders

98

(1)

Disorders of The Endocrine System

99

(6)

Thyroid Gland Disorders

99

(1)

Disorders of Parathyroid Functions

99

(3)

Disorders of tthe Adrenal Cortex

102

(1)

Disorders of the Adrenal Medullae

103

(1)

Light and Behavior

103

(1)

Diabetes Mellitus

103

(2)

The Cardiovascular System

105

(24)

The Physical Examination and The Cardiovascular System

106

(2)

Diagnostic Procedures

107

(1)

Disorders of the Cardiovascular System

108

(21)

Polycythemia

108

(1)

Thalassemia

109

(2)

Transfusions andSynthetic Blood

111

(1)

Sickel Cell Anemia

112

(1)

Bilirubin Tests and Jaundice

113

(1)

Iron Deficiencies and Excesses

113

(1)

Erythrocytosis and Blood Doping

114

(1)

Blood Tests and RBCs

114

(1)

The Leukemias

115

(1)

A Closer Look: The Clotting System

116

(1)

Testing the Clotting System

116

(2)

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

118

(1)

Infection and Inflammation of the Heart

118

(1)

The Cardiomyopathies

118

(1)

RHD and Valvular Stenosis

119

(1)

Problems with Pacemaker Function

120

(1)

Diagnosing Abnormal Heartbeats

121

(1)

Monitoring the Heart

122

(1)

Heart Failure

123

(2)

Aneurysms

125

(1)

Problems with Venous Valve Function

125

(1)

Hypertension and Hypotension

126

(1)

Other Types of Shock

127

(1)

The Causes and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease

128

(1)

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

129

(16)

The Physical Examination and The Lymphatic System

129

(1)

Disorders of The Lymphatic System

130

(15)

Infected Lymphoid Nodules

130

(3)

Lymphomas

133

(1)

Disorders of the Spleen

134

(1)

A Closer Look: The Complement System

134

(1)

Complications of Inflammation

134

(1)

Transplants and Immunosuppressive Drugs

135

(1)

Immunization

136

(2)

Lyme Disease

138

(1)

AIDS

138

(4)

Technology, Immunity, and Disease

142

(1)

Fetal Infections

142

(1)

Delayed Hypersensitivity and Skin Tests

143

(1)

Immune Complex Disorders

143

(1)

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

143

(1)

Autoimmune Disorders

143

(2)

The Respiratory System

145

(12)

Symptoms of Respiratory Disorders

145

(1)

The Physical Examination and the Respiratory System

145

(1)

Disorders of the Respiratory System

146

(11)

Overloading the Respiratory Defenses

149

(1)

Cystic Fibrosis

150

(1)

Tuberculosis

151

(1)

Asthma

151

(1)

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)

152

(1)

Boyle's Law and Air Overexpansion Syndrome

152

(1)

CPR

153

(1)

Decompression Sickness

153

(1)

Bronchitis, Emphysema, and COPD

153

(1)

Mountain Sickness

154

(1)

Shallow Water Blackout

154

(1)

Chemoreceptor Accommodation and Opposition

155

(1)

Lung Cancer

155

(2)

The Digestive System

157

(17)

Symptoms and Signs of Digestive Systtem Disorders

157

(1)

The Physical Examination and the Digestive System

157

(6)

Disorders of the Digestive System

163

(10)

Achalasia andEsophagitis

162

(1)

Peptic Ulcers

162

(3)

Drastic Weightt-Loss Techniques

165

(1)

Liver Disease

165

(2)

Cholecystitis

167

(1)

Colon Inspection and Cancer

167

(1)

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

167

(1)

Diarrhea

167

(1)

Lactose Intolerance

168

(1)

A Closer Look: Aerobic Metabolism

169

(1)

Protein Deficiency Diseases

170

(1)

Phenylketonuria

170

(1)

Gout

171

(1)

Obesity

171

(1)

Adaptations to Starvation

172

(1)

Thermoregulatory Disorders

173

(1)

Accidential Hypothermia

173

(1)

Fevers

173

(1)

The Urinary System

174

(9)

The Physical Examination and the Urinary System

174

(3)

Disorders of the Urinary System

177

(4)

PAH and the Calculation of Renal Blood Flow

177

(1)

Conditions Affecting Filtration

178

(1)

Inherited Problems with Tubular Function

178

(1)

Diuretics

179

(1)

Urinalysis

179

(1)

Water and Weight Loss

180

(1)

Diagnostic Classification of Acid-Base Disorders

181

(2)

The Anion Gap

181

(1)

The Nomogram

181

(2)

The Reproductive System and Development

183

(17)

The Physical Examination and the Reproductive System

183

(4)

Assessment of the Male Reproductive System

183

(2)

Assessment of the Female Reproductive System

185

(2)

Normal and Abnormal Signs Associated with Pregnancy

187

(1)

Disorders of the Reproductive System

187

(4)

The Diagnosis and Treatment of Ovarian Cancer

187

(1)

Uterine Tumors and Cancers

188

(1)

Vaginitis

189

(1)

Experimental Contraceptive Methods

189

(1)

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

190

(1)

Disorders of Development

191

(9)

Teratogens and Abnormal Development

191

(2)

Ectopic Pregnancies

193

(1)

Problems with Placentation

194

(1)

Problems with the Maintenance of a Pregnancy

194

(1)

Complexity and Prefection

194

(1)

Monitoring Postnatal Development

195

(3)

Death and Dying

198

(2)

COMPANION ATLAS

200

(1)

Embryology Summaries

200

(38)

Surface Anatomy and Cadaver Atlas

238

(43)

Scanning Atlas

281

Index

1

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