Fundamentals of Ceramics

by Barsoum; Michel

• ISBN13: 9780750309028
• ISBN10: 0750309024
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-11-27
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Updated and improved, this revised edition of Michel Barsoum's classic text Fundamentals of Ceramics presents readers with an exceptionally clear and comprehensive introduction to ceramic science. Barsoum offers introductory coverage of ceramics, their structures, and properties, with a distinct emphasis on solid state physics and chemistry. Key equations are derived from first principles to ensure a thorough understanding of the concepts involved.The book divides naturally into two parts. Chapters 1 to 9 consider bonding in ceramics and their resultant physical structures, and the electrical, thermal, and other properties that are dependent on bonding type. The second part (Chapters 11 to 16) deals with those factors that are determined by microstructure, such as fracture and fatigue, and thermal, dielectric, magnetic, and optical properties. Linking the two sections is Chapter 10, which describes sintering, grain growth, and the development of microstructure.Fundamentals of Ceramics is ideally suited to senior undergraduate and graduate students of materials science and engineering and related subjects.

Table of Contents

Preface to Second Printing	xiii
Preface to First Printing	xv
Introduction	1	(12)
Introduction	1	(1)
Definition of Ceramics	2	(2)
Elementary Crystallography	4	(2)
Ceramic Microstructures	6	(1)
Traditional Versus Advanced Ceramics	7	(1)
General Characteristics of Ceramics	7	(1)
Applications	8	(2)
The Future	10	(3)
Problems	11	(1)
Additional Reading	12	(1)
Bonding in Ceramics	13	(39)
Introduction	13	(1)
Structure of Atoms	14	(9)
Ionic Versus Covalent Bonding	23	(2)
Ionic Bonding	25	(3)
Ionically Bonded Solids	28	(5)
Covalent Bond Formation	33	(4)
Covalently Bonded Solids	37	(1)
Band Theory of Solids	38	(9)
Summary	47	(5)
Appendix 2A: Kinetic Energy of Free Electrons	47	(1)
Problems	48	(3)
Additional Reading	51	(1)
Structure of Ceramics	52	(36)
Introduction	52	(2)
Ceramic Structures	54	(5)
Binary Ionic Compounds	59	(6)
Composite Crystal Structures	65	(2)
Structure of Covalent Ceramics	67	(3)
Structure of Silicates	70	(5)
Lattice Parameters and Density	75	(4)
Summary	79	(9)
Appendix 3A: Ionic Radii	80	(4)
Problems	84	(3)
Additional Reading	87	(1)
Effect of Chemical Forces on Physical Properties	88	(22)
Introduction	88	(1)
Melting Points	88	(6)
Thermal Expansion	94	(5)
Young's Modulus and the Strength of Perfect Solids	99	(3)
Surface Energy	102	(4)
Summary	106	(4)
Problems	106	(3)
Additional Reading	109	(1)
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Considerations	110	(27)
Introduction	110	(1)
Free Energy	111	(11)
Chemical Equilibrium and the Mass Action Expression	122	(1)
Chemical Stability Domains	123	(3)
Electrochemical Potentials	126	(1)
Charged Interfaces, Double Layers, and Debye Lengths	127	(2)
Gibbs-Duhem Relation for Binary Oxides	129	(2)
Kinetic Considerations	131	(2)
Summary	133	(4)
Appendix 5A: Derivation of Eq. (5.27)	133	(1)
Problems	134	(1)
Additional Reading	135	(2)
Defects in Ceramics	137	(38)
Introduction	137	(1)
Point Defects	138	(28)
Linear Defects	166	(2)
Planar Defects	168	(2)
Summary	170	(5)
Problems	171	(3)
Additional Reading	174	(1)
Diffuson and Electrical Conductivity	175	(67)
Introduction	175	(1)
Diffusion	176	(16)
Electrical Conductivity	192	(20)
Ambipolar Diffusion	212	(12)
Relationships Between Self-, Tracer, Chemical, Ambipolar, and Defect Diffusion Coefficients	224	(3)
Summary	227	(15)
Appendix 7A: Relationship Between Fick's First Law and Eq. (7.30)	229	(1)
Appendix 7B: Effective Mass and Density of States	230	(2)
Appendix 7C: Derivation of Eq. (7.79)	232	(1)
Appendix 7D: Derivation of Eq. (7.92)	233	(1)
Problems	234	(7)
Additional Reading	241	(1)
Phase Equilibria	242	(23)
Introduction	242	(1)
Phase Rule	243	(1)
One-Component Systems	244	(3)
Binary Systems	247	(8)
Ternary Systems	255	(2)
Free-Energy Composition and Temperature Diagrams	257	(5)
Summary	262	(3)
Problems	263	(1)
Additional Reading	264	(1)
Formation, Structure, and Properties of Glasses	265	(37)
Introduction	265	(1)
Glass Formation	266	(14)
Glass Structure	280	(3)
Glass Properties	283	(10)
Glass-Ceramics	293	(3)
Summary	296	(6)
Appendix 9A: Derivation of Eq. (9.7)	297	(1)
Problems	297	(3)
Additional Reading	300	(2)
Sintering and Grain Growth	302	(54)
Introduction	302	(2)
Solid-State Sintering	304	(33)
Liquid-Phase Sintering	337	(6)
Hot Pressing and Hot Isostatic Pressing	343	(2)
Summary	345	(11)
Appendix 10A: Derivation of the Gibbs-Thompson Equation	346	(1)
Appendix 10B: Radii of Curvature	346	(1)
Appendix 10C: Derivation of Eq. (10.20)	347	(2)
Appendix 10D: Derivation of Eq. (10.22)	349	(1)
Problems	350	(4)
Additional Reading	354	(2)
Mechanical Properties: Fast Fracture	356	(44)
Introduction	356	(2)
Fracture Toughness	358	(15)
Strength of Ceramics	373	(7)
Toughening Mechanisms	380	(7)
Designing With Ceramics	387	(7)
Summary	394	(6)
Problems	395	(4)
Additional Reading	399	(1)
Creep, Subcritical Crack Growth, and Fatigue	400	(42)
Introduction	400	(1)
Creep	401	(14)
Subcritical Crack Growth	415	(7)
Fatigue of Ceramics	422	(3)
Lifetime Predictions	425	(7)
Summary	432	(10)
Appendix 12A: Derivation of Eq. (12.24)	433	(2)
Problems	435	(5)
Additional Reading	440	(2)
Thermal Properties	442	(23)
Introduction	442	(1)
Thermal Stresses	443	(4)
Thermal Shock	447	(5)
Spontaneous Microcracking of Ceramics	452	(4)
Thermal Tempering of Glass	456	(2)
Thermal Conductivity	458	(2)
Summary	460	(5)
Problems	461	(3)
Additional Reading	464	(1)
Dielectric Properties	465	(42)
Introduction	465	(1)
Basic Theory	466	(5)
Equivalent Circuit Description of Linear Dielectrics	471	(5)
Polarization Mechanisms	476	(16)
Dielectric Loss	492	(2)
Dielectric Breakdown	494	(1)
Capacitors and Insulators	494	(3)
Summary	497	(10)
Appendix 14A: Local Electric Field	498	(1)
Problems	499	(6)
Additional Reading	505	(2)
Magnetic and Nonlinear Dielectric Properties	507	(46)
Introduction	507	(1)
Basic Theory	508	(6)
Microscopic Theory	514	(5)
Para-, Ferro-, Antiferro-, and Ferrimagnetism	519	(6)
Magnetic Domains and the Hysteresis Curve	525	(4)
Magnetic Ceramics and their Applications	529	(8)
Piezo- and Ferroelectric Ceramics	537	(10)
Summary	547	(6)
Appendix 15A: Orbital Magnetic Quantum Number	548	(1)
Problems	549	(2)
Additional Reading	551	(2)
Optical Properties	553	(36)
Introduction	553	(2)
Basic Principles	555	(10)
Absorption and Transmission	565	(8)
Scattering and Opacity	573	(3)
Fiber Optics and Optical Communication	576	(4)
Summary	580	(9)
Appendix 16A: Coherence	581	(1)
Appendix 16B: Assumptions Made in Deriving Eq. (16.24)	581	(1)
Problems	582	(5)
Additional Reading	587	(2)
Index	589