Gendered Lives : Communication, Gender, and Culture

by WOOD

Edition:

3rd

ISBN13:

9780534562595

ISBN10:

0534562590

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

7/31/1998

Publisher(s):

Wadsworth Publishing

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Author Biography

Julia T. Wood is the Lineberger Distinguished Professor of Humanities and Professor of Communication Studies at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Julia T. Wood joined the Department of Communication Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill at the age of 24. She is now a professor in that department, where she teaches courses and conducts research on gender, communication, and culture, and on communication in personal relationships. During her career, she has authored 15 books and edited 8 others. In addition, she has published more than 70 articles and book chapters and has presented numerous papers at professional conferences. She has won 8 awards for undergraduate teaching and 8 awards for her scholarship

INTRODUCTION OPENING THE CONVERSATION

(11)

The Social Construction of Inequality

(2)

Feminism--Feminisms

(2)

Becoming Aware

(1)

Why I Wrote This Book

(2)

Communication as the Fulcrum of Change

(1)

The Challenge of Studying Communication, Gender, and Culture

(1)

Discussion Questions

(1)

PART I CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS

(150)

CHAPTER 1 THE STUDY OF COMMUNICATION, GENDER, AND CULTURE

(26)

Communication, Gender, and Culture as an Area of Study

(3)

Knowledge of Gender, Communication, and Culture

(1)

Student Interest

(1)

The Value of Studying Communication, Gender, and Culture

(1)

The Meaning of Gender in a Transitional Era

(3)

Confusing Attitudes

(1)

Differences Between Women and Men

(2)

Relationships Among Gender, Culture, and Communication

(16)

Gender and Sex

(1)

Sex

(2)

Gender

(7)

Culture

(3)

Communication

(1)

Communication is a dynamic process

(1)

Communication is systemic

(1)

Communication has two levels of meaning

(1)

Meanings are created through human interaction with symbols

(2)

Summary

(1)

Discussion Questions

(3)

CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO GENDER DEVELOPMENT

(24)

Theories in Everyday Life

(2)

Theoretical Approaches to Gender

(20)

Biological Influences on Gender

(4)

Interpersonal Influences on Gender

(1)

Psychodynamic views of gender development

(3)

Psychological theories

(3)

Cultural Influences on Gender

(1)

Anthropology

(2)

Symbolic interactionism

(3)

Standpoint theory

(4)

Summary

(1)

Discussion Questions

(1)

CHAPTER 3 THE RHETORICAL SHAPING OF GENDER: WOMEN'S MEN'S AND GENDER MOVEMENTS IN AMERICA

(40)

Women's Movements

(19)

The First Wave of Women's Movements

(1)

Women's rights movements

(3)

The cult of domesticity

(1)

The Second Wave of Women's Movements

(1)

Radical feminism

(2)

Liberal feminism

(3)

Separatism

(1)

Structural feminists

(1)

Lesbian feminists

(1)

Revalorists

(1)

Womanists

(2)

Power feminism

(3)

Men's Movements

(11)

Profeminist Men's Movements

(3)

Promasculinist Men's Movements

(1)

Free men

(1)

Mythopoetic men

(3)

Promise Keepers

(2)

Million Man March

(1)

Other Movements Focused on Gender

(5)

The Backlash

(3)

Ecofeminism

(2)

Summary

100

(1)

Discussion Questions

101

(3)

CHAPTER 4 GENDERED VERBAL COMMUNICATION

104

(32)

The Nature of Human Communication

105

(1)

Verbal Communication Expresses Cultural Views of Gender

106

(13)

Language Defines Gender

106

(1)

Male generic language excludes women

107

(2)

Women are defined by appearance and relationships

109

(2)

Language names what exists

111

(1)

Language Organizes Perceptions of Gender

112

(1)

Stereotyping gender

113

(1)

Encouraging polarized thinking

114

(1)

Language Evaluates Gender

115

(1)

Language Enables Hypothetical Thought

116

(1)

Language Allows Self-Reflection

117

(2)

Language Is a Process

119

(1)

Gendered Interaction: Masculine and Feminine Styles of Verbal Communication

119

(14)

Gendered Speech Communities

120

(1)

The Lessons of speech Childplay

121

(1)

Boy's games

121

(1)

Girl's games

122

(1)

Gendered Communication Practices

123

(1)

Women's speech

124

(2)

Men's speech

126

(3)

Misinterpretations Between Women and Men

129

(1)

Showing support

129

(1)

"Troubles talk"

130

(1)

The point of the story

131

(1)

Relationship talk

132

(1)

Public speaking

132

(1)

Summary

133

(1)

Discussion Questions

134

(2)

CHAPTER 5 GENDERED NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

136

(27)

Functions of Nonverbal Communications

137

(6)

Nonverbal Communication Can Supplement Verbal Communication

137

(1)

Nonverbal Communication Can Regulate Interaction

138

(1)

Nonverbal Communication Can Establish the Relationship Level of Meaning

138

(1)

Responsiveness

139

(3)

Liking

142

(1)

Power, or control

142

(1)

Forms of Nonverbal Communication

143

(14)

Artifacts

143

(3)

Proximity and Personal Space

146

(2)

Haptics (Touch)

148

(1)

Kinesics (Facial and Body Motion)

149

(1)

Paralanguage

150

(1)

Physical Characteristics

151

(6)

Implications of Gendered Nonverbal Communication

157

(4)

The Cultural Context of Nonverbal Communication

158

(1)

Respecting Differences in Nonverbal Communication

159

(2)

Summary

161

(1)

Discussion Questions

161

(2)

PART II GENDERED COMMUNICATION IN PRACTICE

163

(226)

CHAPTER 6 GENDERED FAMILY DYNAMICS

164

(34)

Entering a Gendered Society

165

(3)

Self-as-Object

166

(1)

Monitoring

167

(1)

Gendering Communication in the Family

168

(14)

Unconscious Processes: Identification and Internalization

168

(4)

Ego Boundaries

172

(2)

Parallel Attitudes About Gender

174

(1)

Parental Communication About Gender

175

(3)

Parental Modeling

178

(2)

Different Contribution of Mothers and Fathers

180

(2)

The Personal Side of the Gender Drama

182

(12)

Growing Up Masculine

182

(5)

Growing Up Feminine

187

(7)

Summary

194

(2)

Discussion Questions

196

(23)

CHAPTER 7 GENDERED CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS

198

(32)

The Meaning of Personal Relationships

200

(3)

Defining Personal Relationships

200

(1)

Gender and Closeness

200

(1)

"Male deficit model"

200

(2)

Alternate paths model

202

(1)

Gendered Friendships

203

(8)

Commonalities in Men's and Women's Friendships

203

(1)

Differences Between Women's and Men's Friendships

204

(1)

Women's Friendships: Closeness in Dialogue

204

(2)

Men's Friendships: Closeness in the Doing

206

(4)

Friendships Between Women and Men

210

(1)

Gendered Romantic Relationships

211

(15)

Developing Romantic Intimacy

212

(2)

Engaging in Committed Relationships

214

(1)

Gendered modes of expressing care

215

(3)

Gendered Preferences for autonomy and connection

281

(1)

Responsibility for relational health

219

(1)

Gendered power dynamics

220

(6)

Summary

226

(1)

Discussion Questions

227

(3)

CHAPTER 8 GENDERED EDUCATION: COMMUNICATION IN SCHOOL SETTINGS

230

(26)

The Organization of Schools

231

(5)

School Perpetuate Gender Inequities

233

(1)

Schools Limit Career Aspirations

233

(2)

Schools Have Few Female and Minority Role Models

235

(1)

Curricular Content

236

(5)

Mistrepresentation of White Men as Standard

236

(2)

The Invisibility of Women

238

(2)

Misrepresentation of Human Experiences

240

(1)

Educational Processes

241

(11)

Unequal Attention to Male and Female Students

242

(1)

Not Taking Women Students Seriously

242

(2)

Classroom Communication

244

(1)

Gender biases in teachers communication

244

(4)

Communication among peers

248

(1)

Instructional style

249

(3)

Summary

242

(2)

Discussion Questions

254

(2)

CHAPTER 9 GENDERED ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION

256

(42)

Institutional Stereotypes of Women and Men

258

(10)

Stereotypes of Women

258

(1)

Sex Object

258

(1)

Mother

259

(2)

Child

261

(2)

Iron Maiden

263

(1)

Stereotypes of Men

263

(1)

Sturdy oak

263

(1)

Fighter

264

(1)

Breadwinner

265

(2)

Evaluation of the Facts

267

(1)

Stereotypes of Professional Communication

268

(8)

Male Standards in Institutions

268

(2)

The Stereotype That Masculine Communication Equals Professional Communication

270

(2)

The Stereotype That Communication Styles Are Unchanging

272

(2)

The Stereotype That Men and Women Cannot Work Together Effectively

274

(2)

Gendered Communication Systems in Organizations

276

(10)

Leave Policies and Work Schedules

276

(1)

Leave policies

276

(4)

Work schedules

280

(1)

Communication Climates in Organizations

281

(1)

Hostile environments for women

281

(1)

The informal network

282

(1)

Mentor relationships

283

(1)

Glass Ceilings-and Walls?

284

(2)

Efforts to Redress Gendered Inequity in Institutions

286

(8)

Equal Opportunity Laws

286

(1)

Affirmative Action Policies

287

(3)

Quotas and Goals

290

(1)

Quotas

290

(1)

Goals

291

(2)

Increasing Sensitivity to Gender Issues

293

(1)

Summary

294

(1)

Discussion Questions

295

(3)

CHAPTER 10 GENDERED MEDIA: THE INFLUENCE OF MEDIA ON VIEWS OF GENDER

298

(32)

The Prevalence of Media in Cultural Life

299

(2)

Themes in Media

301

(14)

Underrepresentation of Women and Minorities

301

(2)

Stereotypical Portrayals of Women and Men

303

(1)

Stereotypical portrayals of men

303

(1)

Stereotypical portrayals of women

304

(3)

Stereotypical Images of Relationships Between Men and Women

307

(1)

Women's dependence/men's independence

307

(2)

Men's authority/women's incompetence

309

(1)

Women as primary caregivers/men as breadwinners

310

(3)

Women as victims and sex objects/men as aggressors

313

(2)

Bias in News Coverage

315

(4)

Implications of Media Representations of Gender

319

(7)

Fostering Unrealistic and Limited Gender Ideals

319

(3)

Pathologizing the Human Body

322

(3)

Normalizing Violence Against Women

325

(1)

Summary

326

(1)

Discussion Questions

327

(3)

CHAPTER 11 GENDERED POWER AND VIOLENCE

330

(35)

The Social Construction of Gendered Violence

331

(1)

The Many Faces of Gendered Violence

332

(20)

Gender Intimidation

333

(1)

Sexual Assault

334

(5)

Abuse Between Intimates

339

(5)

Sexual Harassment

344

(1)

Quid pro quo

344

(1)

Hostile environment

344

(1)

Whose perspective counts?

345

(1)

Genital Mutilation

346

(1)

Male circumcision

346

(1)

Sunna

347

(1)

Excision or clitoridectomy

347

(1)

Infibulation

347

(4)

Gender-Based Murder

351

(1)

Social Foundations of Gendered Violence

352

(6)

Normalization of Violence in Media

352

(2)

Normalization of Violence by Institutions

354

(1)

Family

354

(1)

Law enforcement

355

(1)

Counselors

356

(1)

Normalization of Violence in Language

356

(2)

Resisting Gendered Violence: Where Do We Go from Here?

358

(3)

Personal Efforts to Reduce Gendered Violence

358

(2)

Social Efforts to Reduce Gendered Violence

360

(1)

Summary

361

(1)

Discussion Questions

363

(3)

EPILOGUE LOOKING BACKWARD, LOOKING FORWARD

365

(24)

The Cultural Construction and Reconstruction of Gender

365

(2)

Looking Backward, Looking Forward

367

(14)

Communication

367

(1)

Women's communication

367

(1)

Men's communication

368

(1)

Gender and communication in the future

368

(1)

Women's and Men's Movements

368

(1)

Liberal feminism

368

(1)

The future of feminism

369

(1)

Men's movements

370

(1)

Gender in Education

371

(1)

Reducing gender discrimination

371

(1)

Future gender issues in education

371

(1)

Gender in Media

372

(1)

Changes in women in media

372

(1)

Mediated gender in the future

373

(1)

Liberal and structural feminist views of women

374

(2)

Gender in Personal Relationships

376

(1)

Changes in gender relations

376

(1)

Addressing gender divisions

376

(2)

Gender and Violence

378

(2)

Gender in Institutional Settings

380

(1)

Women's positions in institutions

380

(1)

Valuing diversity in institutional life

380

(1)

Social support for families

381

(1)

Creating the Future

381

(5)

Defining Masculinity and Femininity

382

(1)

Responding to Differences

383

(1)

Redefining Culture

384

(1)

Taking a Voice

385

(1)

Discussion Questions

386

(3)

GLOSSARY

389

(6)

REFERENCES

395

(46)

INDEX

441

Gendered Lives : Communication, Gender, and Culture

9780534562595

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