Gendered Lives With Infotrac: Communication, Gender, and Culture

by Wood, Julia T.

Edition:

5th

ISBN13:

9780534581633

ISBN10:

0534581633

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

6/17/2002

Publisher(s):

Wadsworth Publishing

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Author Biography

Julia T. Wood is the Lineberger Distinguished Professor of Humanities and Professor of Communication Studies at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Julia T. Wood joined the Department of Communication Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill at the age of 24. She is now a professor in that department, where she teaches courses and conducts research on gender, communication, and culture, and on communication in personal relationships. During her career, she has authored 15 books and edited 8 others. In addition, she has published more than 70 articles and book chapters and has presented numerous papers at professional conferences. She has won 8 awards for undergraduate teaching and 8 awards for her scholarship

Introduction

Opening the Conversation

(12)

The Social Construction of Inequality

(2)

Feminism---Feminisms

(2)

Becoming Aware

(2)

Why I Wrote This Book

(2)

Communication as the Fulcrum of Change

(1)

The Challenge of Studying Communication, Gender, and Culture

(1)

Discussion Questions

(2)

PART I CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS

The Study of Communication, Gender, and Culture

(24)

Communication, Gender, and Culture as an Area of Study

(2)

Knowledge of Gender, Communication, and Culture

(1)

Student Interest

(1)

The Value of Studying Communication, Gender, and Culture

(1)

The Meaning of Gender in a Transitional Era

(3)

Confusing Attitudes

(2)

Differences Between Women and Men

(1)

Relationships Among Gender, Culture, and Communication

(17)

Gender and Sex

(1)

Sex

(2)

Gender

(7)

Culture

(2)

Communication

(1)

Communication is a dynamic process

(1)

Communication is systemic

(1)

Communication has two levels of meaning

(1)

Meanings are created through human interaction with symbols

(2)

Summary

(1)

Discussion Questions

(2)

Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development

(23)

Theoretical Approaches to Gender

(19)

Biological Influences on Gender

(4)

Interpersonal Influences on Gender

(1)

Psychodynamic theory of gender development

(2)

Psychological theories of gender development

(4)

Cultural Influences on Gender

(1)

Anthropology

(2)

Symbolic interactionism

(2)

Standpoint theory

(3)

Summary

(1)

Discussion Questions

(2)

The Rhetorical Shaping of Gender: Women's, Men's, and Gender Movements in America

(42)

Women's Movements

(19)

The First Wave of Women's Movements in the United States

(1)

The women's rights movement

(2)

The cult of domesticity

(2)

The Second Wave of Women's Movements in the United States

(1)

Radical feminism

(3)

Liberal feminism

(3)

Separatism

(1)

Cultural feminists

(2)

Lesbian feminists

(1)

Revalorists

(1)

Womanists

(2)

Multiracial feminism

(1)

Power feminism

(2)

The Third Wave of Women's Movements in the United States

(3)

Men's Movements

(12)

Profeminist Men's Movements

(3)

Promasculinist Men's Movements

(1)

Free Men

(2)

Mythopoetic men

(3)

Promise Keepers

(2)

Million Man March

(1)

Other Movements Focused on Gender

(5)

The Backlash

(2)

Ecofeminism

(2)

Summary

100

(1)

Discussion Questions

100

(2)

Gendered Verbal Communication

102

(28)

The Nature of Human Communication

103

(1)

Verbal Communication Expresses Cultural Views of Gender

103

(12)

Language Defines Gender

104

(1)

Male generic language excludes women

104

(1)

Language defines men and women differently

105

(3)

Language names what exists

108

(1)

Language Organizes Perceptions of Gender

109

(1)

Stereotyping gender

110

(1)

Encouraging polarized thinking

111

(1)

Language Evaluates Gender

111

(1)

Language Enables Hypothetical Thought

112

(2)

Language Allows Self Reflection

114

(1)

Language Is a Process

115

(1)

Gendered Interaction: Masculine and Feminine Styles of Verbal Communication

115

(13)

Gendered Speech Communities

116

(1)

The Lessons of Childplay

117

(1)

Boys' games

117

(1)

Girls' games

118

(1)

Gendered Communication Practices

119

(1)

Feminine speech

119

(3)

Masculine speech

122

(2)

Gender-Based Misinterpretations in Communication

124

(1)

Showing support

125

(1)

``Troubles talk''

125

(1)

The point of the story

126

(1)

Relationship talk

127

(1)

Public speaking

127

(1)

Summary

128

(1)

Discussion Questions

129

(1)

Gendered Nonverbal Communication

130

(23)

Functions of Nonverbal Communication

131

(4)

Nonverbal Communication Can Supplement Verbal Communication

131

(1)

Nonverbal Communication Can Regulate Interaction

131

(1)

Nonverbal Communication Can Establish the Relationship Level of Meaning

132

(1)

Responsiveness

132

(2)

Liking

134

(1)

Power or control

134

(1)

Forms of Nonverbal Communication

135

(13)

Artifacts

136

(2)

Proximity and Personal Space

138

(2)

Haptics (Touch)

140

(1)

Kinesics (Facial and Body Motion)

141

(1)

Paralanguage

142

(1)

Physical Characteristics

143

(5)

Implications of Gendered Nonverbal Communication

148

(3)

The Cultural Context of Nonverbal Communication

149

(1)

Respecting Differences in Nonverbal Communication

150

(1)

Summary

151

(1)

Discussion Questions

152

(1)

PART II GENDERED COMMUNICATION IN PRACTICE

Gendered Family Dynamics

153

(28)

Entering a Gendered Society

154

(1)

Self as-Object

154

(1)

Monitoring

154

(1)

Gendering Communication in the Family

155

(12)

Unconscious Processes: Identification and Internalization

155

(4)

Ego Boundaries

159

(1)

Parental Attitudes About Gender

160

(1)

Parental Communication About Gender

161

(3)

Parental Modeling

164

(1)

Different Contributions of Mothers and Fathers

165

(2)

The Personal Side of the Gender Drama

167

(11)

Growing Up Masculine

167

(5)

Growing Up Feminine

172

(6)

Summary

178

(1)

Discussion Questions

179

(2)

Gendered Close Relationships

181

(25)

The Meaning of Personal Relationships

182

(3)

Defining Personal Relationships

182

(1)

Gender and Closeness

182

(1)

The male deficit model

182

(1)

The alternate paths model

183

(2)

Gendered Friendships

185

(7)

Commonalities in Women's and Men's Friendships

185

(1)

Differences Between Women's and Men's Friendships

185

(1)

Women's Friendships: Closeness in Dialogue

186

(2)

Men's Friendships: Closeness in the Doing

188

(2)

Friendships Between Women and Men

190

(2)

Gendered Romantic Relationships

192

(11)

Developing Romantic Intimacy

192

(2)

Engaging in Committed Relationships

194

(1)

Gendered modes of expressing care

195

(2)

Gendered preferences for autonomy and connection

197

(1)

Gendered responsibility for relational health

198

(1)

Gendered power dynamics

199

(4)

Summary

203

(1)

Discussion Questions

204

(2)

Gendered Education: Communication in Schools

206

(20)

The Organization of Schools

208

(5)

Schools Perpetuate Gender Inequities

208

(1)

Schools Limit Career Aspirations

209

(1)

Schools Have Too Few Female and Minority Role Models

209

(4)

Curricular Content

213

(3)

Misrepresentation of White Men as Standard

213

(1)

The Invisibility of Women

214

(1)

Misrepresentation of Human Experiences

215

(1)

Educational Processes

216

(7)

Unequal Attention to Male and Female Students

216

(1)

Not Taking Women Students Seriously

216

(2)

Classroom Communication

218

(1)

Gender biases in teachers' communication

218

(2)

Communication among peers

220

(1)

Instructional style

221

(2)

Summary

223

(1)

Discussion Questions

224

(2)

Gendered Organizational Communication

226

(35)

Institutional Stereotypes of Women and Men

227

(9)

Stereotypes of Women

227

(1)

Sex object

227

(1)

Mother

228

(1)

Child

229

(1)

Iron maiden

230

(3)

Stereotypes of Men

233

(1)

Sturdy oak

233

(1)

Fighter

233

(1)

Breadwinner

234

(1)

Evaluation of Stereotypes

235

(1)

Misunderstandings of Professional Communication

236

(6)

Male Standards in Institutions

236

(1)

Masculine Norms for Professional Communication

237

(2)

Static (or Unchanging) Views of Communication

239

(2)

Misperceptions of Men's and Women's Ability to Work Together

241

(1)

Gendered Communication Systems in Organizations

242

(8)

Leave Policies and Work Schedules

242

(1)

Leave policies

242

(2)

Work schedules

244

(2)

Communication Climates in Organizations

246

(1)

Unwelcoming environments for women

246

(1)

The informal network

247

(1)

Mentor relationships

248

(1)

Glass Ceilings---and Walls

248

(2)

Efforts to Redress Gendered Inequity in Institutions

250

(7)

Equal Opportunity Laws

250

(1)

Affirmative Action Policies

251

(3)

Quotas and Goals

254

(1)

Quotas

254

(1)

Goals

254

(2)

Increasing Sensitivity to Gender Issues

256

(1)

Summary

257

(1)

Discussion Questions

258

(3)

Gendered Media

261

(32)

The Prevalence of Media in Cultural Life

262

(1)

Themes in Media

263

(16)

Underrepresentation of Women and Minorities

264

(1)

Portrayals of Men and Women

265

(1)

Portrayals of men

265

(2)

Portrayals of women

267

(5)

Images of Relationships Between Men and Women

272

(1)

Women's dependence/men's independence

272

(2)

Women's incompetence/men's authority

274

(2)

Women as primary caregivers/men as breadwinners

276

(1)

Women as victims and sex objects/men as aggressors

277

(2)

Bias in News Coverage

279

(4)

Implications of Media Representations of Gender

283

(7)

Fostering Unrealistic and Limited Gender Ideals

284

(2)

Pathologizing the Human Body

286

(3)

Normalizing Violence Against Women

289

(1)

Summary

290

(1)

Discussion Questions

291

(2)

Gendered Power and Violence

293

(32)

The Social Construction of Gendered Violence

294

(1)

The Many Faces of Gendered Violence

295

(18)

Gender Intimidation

295

(2)

Sexual Assault

297

(2)

Abuse Between Intimates

299

(6)

Sexual Harassment

305

(1)

Quid pro quo

306

(1)

Hostile environment

307

(1)

Whose perspective counts?

307

(1)

Genital Mutilation

308

(1)

Male circumcision

308

(1)

Sunna

309

(1)

Excision or clitoridectomy

309

(1)

Infibulation

309

(3)

Gender-Based Murder

312

(1)

Social Foundations of Gendered Violence

313

(6)

Normalization of Violence in Media

314

(1)

Normalization of Violence by Institutions

315

(1)

Family

316

(1)

Law enforcement

317

(1)

Counseling

317

(1)

Language

318

(1)

Resisting Gendered Violence: Where Do We Go From Here?

319

(3)

Personal Efforts to Reduce Gendered Violence

320

(1)

Social Efforts to Reduce Gendered Violence

321

(1)

Summary

322

(1)

Discussion Questions

323

(2)

EPILOGUE Looking Backward, Looking Forward

325

(16)

The Cultural Construction and Reconstruction of Gender

325

(1)

Looking Backward, Looking Forward

326

(9)

Communication

327

(1)

Women's communication

327

(1)

Men's communication

327

(1)

Gender and communication in the future

328

(1)

Women's and Men's Movements

328

(1)

Feminism

328

(1)

The future of feminism

328

(1)

Men's movements

329

(1)

Gender in Education

330

(1)

Reducing gender discrimination

330

(1)

Future gender issues in education

330

(1)

Gender in Media

331

(1)

Changes in media's portrayals of men and women

331

(1)

Mediated gender in the future

331

(1)

Gender in Personal Relationships

332

(1)

Changes in gender relations

333

(1)

Addressing gender divisions

333

(1)

Gender and Violence

334

(1)

Gender in Institutional Settings

334

(1)

Women's positions in institutions

335

(1)

Social support for families

335

(1)

Creating the Future

335

(4)

Defining Masculinity and Femininity

336

(1)

Responding to Differences

337

(1)

Redefining Culture

337

(1)

Taking a Voice

338

(1)

Discussion Questions

339

(2)

Glossary

341

(4)

References

345

(32)

Index

377

Gendered Lives With Infotrac: Communication, Gender, and Culture

9780534581633

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