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9780205381227

Generalist Social Work Practice : An Empowering Approach

by ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780205381227

  • ISBN10:

    0205381227

  • Edition: 4th
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2004-01-01
  • Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
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Summary

The Fourth Edition of this innovative text continues to emphasize a generalist, empowerment-oriented approach, along with practice strategies and techniques for working toward individual client and social change. The Fourth Edition updates the contemporary themes of social work practice into an integrated practice process. New resources extend the research base, add breadth and depth, and position this book as a defining work for articulating an empowerment-based method of social work practice.

Table of Contents

Preface xvii
PART 1 Social Work Practice Perspectives 1(122)
1 Generalist Social Work Practice
3(20)
Social Work Values and Purpose
5(5)
Human Dignity and Worth
6(1)
Social Justice
6(1)
Defining Social Work
7(2)
Achieving the Purpose of Social Work
9(1)
Generalist Social Work
10(5)
Levels of Intervention in Generalist Practice
11(2)
Policy and Generalist Practice
13(1)
Research in Generalist Practice
14(1)
Advantages of a Multifaceted Approach
14(1)
Social Work Functions and Roles
15(6)
Consultancy
16(1)
Resource Management
17(2)
Education
19(2)
Integrating Generalist Functions
21(1)
Looking Forward
21(1)
Research Navigator Search Terms
22(1)
2 The Ecosystems Perspective
23(28)
The Knowledge Base of Generalist Practice
25(5)
Theoretical Frameworks for Practice
25(3)
Developing a Practice Framework
28(1)
Analyzing Theoretical Perspectives
28(2)
Key Perspectives for Empowering Practice
30(3)
Ecosystems
30(1)
Constructivism
30(1)
Social Constructionism
31(1)
Feminism
32(1)
The Ecosystems Perspective
33(6)
Humans in Context
33(1)
Focus on Transactions
34(1)
Development as Evolutionary Change
35(1)
Goodness-of-Fit
36(1)
View of Dysfunction
36(1)
Implications for Change
37(2)
Human Systems
39(7)
System Defined
39(1)
Dimensions of Systems
40(1)
A Structural View of Systems
40(2)
An Interactional View of Systems
42(2)
Biopsychosocial Dimensions
44(1)
Cultural Influences
45(1)
Ecosystems: A Conceptual Framework for Practice
46(4)
Identify the Focal System
46(1)
What's Happening Inside the System?
47(1)
What's Happening Outside the System?
47(1)
How Do the Inside and Outside Connect?
48(1)
How Does the System Move through Time?
48(1)
Applying the Ecosystems Framework
49(1)
Looking Forward
50(1)
Research Navigator Search Terms
50(1)
3 Values and Multicultural Competence
51(26)
Frames of Reference
52(2)
Your Frame of Reference Shows
53(1)
Professional Values and Practice Principles
54(5)
Acceptance
54(1)
Individualization
54(1)
Nonjudgmentalism
55(1)
Objectivity
56(1)
Self Determination
56(1)
Access to Resources
56(1)
Confidentiality
57(1)
Accountability
57(1)
Value Conflicts in Practice: An Example
57(2)
Personal Values and Resources
59(5)
Use of Self in Social Work
59(1)
Increasing Self-Awareness
59(1)
Values and Principles in Action; A Practice Example
60(2)
How Values Influence Practice
62(2)
Values and Diversity
64(1)
Multicultural Competence
64(4)
Cultural Diversity Defined
65(1)
Proficient Multicultural Practice
66(1)
Cultural Competence
66(1)
Cultural Sensitivity
66(1)
Research on Cultural Competence
67(1)
Cultural Responsiveness
68(1)
A Generalist View of Cultural Competence
68(8)
Practitioner-Level Cultural Competence
68(5)
Agency-Level Cultural Competence
73(3)
Community-Level Cultural Competence
76(1)
Looking Forward
76(1)
Research Navigator Search Terms
76(1)
4 Strengths and Empowerment
77(23)
Strengths Perspective
79(6)
Practice Assumptions
80(1)
Key Transitions
80(3)
Applying a Strengths Perspective
83(2)
Empowerment
85(6)
Personal Dimensions of Empowerment
86(1)
Interpersonal Dimensions of Empowerment
87(1)
Sociopolitical Dimensions of Empowerment
88(1)
Power
88(3)
Empowerment as a Concept and a Process
91(1)
Empowerment-Based Practice
91(8)
Research on Empowerment in Social Work Practice
92(1)
The Paradox of an Empowering Process
93(1)
Collaboration and Partnership
93(3)
Empowerment-Oriented Strategies
96(2)
Characteristics of Empowerment-Centered Social Workers
98(1)
Looking Forward
99(1)
Research Navigator Search Terms
99(1)
5 An Empowering Approach to Generalist Practice
100(23)
Elements of an Empowering Generalist Approach
101(3)
Infusing an Ecosystems Perspective
101(1)
Reflecting a Social Justice Commitment
102(1)
Applying a Strengths Orientation
102(1)
Collaborating with Clients
102(1)
Constructing an Empowering Reality
103(1)
Phases and Processes of Empowering Practice
104(6)
The Dialogue Phase
104(2)
The Discovery Phase
106(1)
The Development Phase
107(2)
From Solving Problems to Promoting Competence
109(1)
Processes in Action: Practice Examples
110(11)
An Example at the Microlevel
110(3)
An Example at the Midlevel
113(5)
An Example at the Macrolevel
118(3)
Looking Forward
121(1)
Research Navigator Search Terms
121(2)
PART 2 The Dialogue Phase: Building Relationships and Describing Situations 123(88)
6 Forming Partnerships
125(29)
Collaboration and Partnership
126(3)
The Dilemma of Social Workers as Experts
127(1)
The Rewards of Clients as Experts
127(1)
The Social Worker's Role
128(1)
Agency Influences on Worker-Client Relationships
129(1)
Making Initial Contacts
129(6)
Recognizing What Clients Bring
129(1)
Initiating Collaboration
130(1)
Beginning Steps: A Practice Example
130(5)
Qualities of Professional Partnerships
135(5)
Genuineness
135(1)
Acceptance and Respect
136(1)
Trustworthiness
137(1)
Empathy
138(1)
Cultural Sensitivity
139(1)
Purposefulness
140(1)
Research on Relationships and Effectiveness
140(1)
Constructing Empowering Relationships
141(6)
Recognizing Rights
141(1)
Taking Responsibilities
142(1)
Discussing Rights and Responsibilities
143(1)
Augmenting Power
144(1)
When Clients Feel Powerless
145(1)
Collaborating with Oppressed Clients
145(1)
Voluntary and Involuntary Clients
146(1)
Partnerships with Larger Systems
147(1)
Respecting Confidentiality
147(5)
Absolute and Relative Confidentiality
148(1)
Violating Confidentiality
148(1)
Informed Consent for Releasing Information
149(1)
Privileged Communication
149(3)
Balancing Accountability and Privacy
152(1)
Looking Forward
152(1)
Research Navigator Search Items
153(1)
7 Articulating Situations
154(31)
Empowering Dialogue
155(2)
Listening and Responding
157(1)
Professional Responding
157(1)
Proactive Responding
157(3)
Describing the Current Situation
158(1)
Orienting toward the Future
159(1)
Searching for Strengths and Resources
159(1)
Sizing Up Situations
160(1)
Exchanging Information
160(6)
Verbal Communication
160(3)
Nonverbal Communication
163(1)
Influences on Communication Processes
163(3)
Assessing the Client's Perspective
166(1)
Responding to Thoughts
166(10)
Allowing Space
167(1)
Nonverbal Responses
168(1)
Single Word Responses
168(1)
Restatement
168(2)
Clarification
170(1)
Summary Clarification
171(1)
Request to Continue
171(1)
Questioning
172(1)
Combining Responses
173(1)
Practice Example
173(3)
Responding to Feelings
176(3)
The Experience of Feelings
176(1)
Identifying Feelings
177(1)
Verbalizing Feelings
177(1)
Validating Feelings
178(1)
Special Issues in Responding
179(3)
Responding to Anger
179(1)
Responding to Silence
180(1)
Responding to Questions
181(1)
Responding to Feedback from Clients
182(1)
Responding to Larger Client Systems
182(2)
Facilitating Discussion
182(2)
Respecting Existing Functioning
184(1)
Looking Forward
184(1)
Research Navigator Search Terms
184(1)
8 Defining Directions
185(26)
Transforming Challenges into Directions
187(4)
Orienting Forward, Not Back
189(1)
Framing the Search for Resources
190(1)
Integrating Transactional Dimensions
190(1)
Considering Client Motivation
191(3)
A Transactional View of Motivation
191(1)
Motivating Clients Who Have Given Up
191(1)
Aligning Worker and Client Motivations
192(1)
Motivating Larger Systems
193(1)
Collaborating with Clients Who Resist
194(2)
Resistance Is Motivated
194(1)
Cooperating with Resistance
195(1)
Overcoming Environmental Resistance
195(1)
Cooperating with Mandated Clients
196(3)
Constructing Workers' Expectations
196(1)
Structuring a Working Partnership
197(1)
Defining a Motivating Direction
198(1)
Taking Priority Actions
199(10)
Responding to Trauma
199(2)
Responding to the Threat of Suicide
201(3)
Responding to Threats toward Others
204(1)
Responding to Child Abuse
205(2)
Responding to Elder Abuse
207(1)
Responding to Intimate Partner Violence
207(1)
Responding to Survival Needs
208(1)
Responding to Signs of Addiction
208(1)
Looking Forward
209(1)
Research Navigator Search Terms
210(1)
PART 3 The Discovery Phase: Assessing Resources and Planning Change 211(98)
9 Identifying Strengths
213(28)
Infusing a Strengths Perspective
215(4)
What Are Strengths?
215(1)
Why Identify Strengths?
216(2)
Balancing Strengths and Challenges
218(1)
Looking for Strengths
219(1)
Highlighting Strengths in General Functioning
219(3)
Strengths in Individuals
220(1)
Strengths in Families
220(1)
Strengths in Groups
221(1)
Strengths in Organizations
221(1)
Strengths in Communities
221(1)
Solution-Focused Dialogue
222(4)
Creating a Solution-Saturated Atmosphere
223(1)
Searching for Exceptions
223(1)
Detecting Incremental Steps
224(1)
Searching for Transferable Skills
225(1)
Recognizing Cultural Strengths
226(1)
Strengths in Diversity
226(1)
Ethnic Group Strengths
227(5)
African Americans
227(2)
Latino Americans
229(1)
Asian Americans
230(1)
Native Americans
231(1)
Strengths in Cultural Group Memberships
232(4)
Women
232(1)
Gays and Lesbians
233(1)
Older Adults
234(1)
Religious Affiliations and Spirituality
235(1)
Persons with Disabilities
236(1)
Clients as Resources for Understanding Cultures
236(1)
Uncovering Strengths in Adversity
236(4)
Surviving Oppression
237(1)
Surviving Violence
238(1)
Surviving Family Disruption
239(1)
Looking Forward
240(1)
Research Navigator Search Terms
240(1)
10 Assessing Resource Capabilities
241(38)
Exploring Resource Systems
242(4)
Recognizing Environmental Resources
243(1)
Turning Challenging Situations into Resources
243(1)
Collaborating to Search for Resources
244(2)
Applying Theoretical Frameworks
246(4)
Organizing Assessment Using a Five-Point Ecosystemic Schema
246(1)
Practice Example: Franklin Courts
246(4)
Organizing Assessment: Applying Ecosystemic Questions
250(8)
Assessing Structures
250(3)
Assessing Interactions
253(1)
Assessing Thinking and Feeling
254(1)
Assessing Cultural Influences
255(1)
Assessing Spiritual Dimensions
256(1)
Assessing Physical Environments
257(1)
Putting the Pieces Together
258(1)
Using Assessment Tools
258(10)
Social Histories
259(1)
Genograms
260(1)
Eco-maps
261(2)
Culturally Sensitive Assessment
263(1)
Social Network Maps
263(1)
Group Assessment
264(1)
Organizational Assessment
265(1)
Neighborhood and Community Assessment
266(2)
Tools as Resources for Empowerment
268(1)
Adding Viewpoints
268(2)
Bringing in Significant Others
268(1)
Contacting Other Professionals
269(1)
Assessing through Observation
270(2)
Observations by Clients
270(1)
Observations by Workers
271(1)
Recordkeeping
272(5)
Recording
272(1)
Types of Recording Formats
273(3)
Ethical and Legal Issues in Recordkeeping
276(1)
Looking Forward
277(1)
Research Navigator Search Terms
278(1)
11 Framing Solutions
279(30)
Collaborative Planning Processes
280(4)
Client Expertise in Planning
281(1)
Worker Expertise in Planning
281(1)
Issues Affecting Collaborative Planning
282(1)
Planning in Multiperson Systems
283(1)
Goals and Objectives
284(8)
Differentiating Goals and Objectives
285(1)
Considering Goals
285(1)
Translating Goals into Objectives
286(6)
Constructing Action Plans
292(13)
Crystallizing Outcome Goals
292(4)
Writing Effective Objectives
296(1)
Prioritizing Objectives
297(1)
Screening Generalist Intervention Strategies
298(2)
Choosing Effective Strategies
300(3)
Delineating Tasks and Responsibilities
303(1)
Setting Reviews and Evaluations
303(2)
Contracting
305(1)
The Evolving Contract
305(1)
Contracting as an Empowering Process
306(1)
Looking Forward
306(1)
Research Navigator Search Terms
307(2)
PART 4 The Development Phase: Implementing, Evaluating, and Stabilizing Change 309(150)
12 Activating Resources
311(32)
Applying Generalist Intervention Skills
314(1)
Intervention across System Levels
314(1)
Maintaining Progress in the Action Plan
314(8)
Implementing Action Plans
315(1)
Enhancing Interactions
316(3)
Sustaining Motivation
319(3)
Developing Power
322(3)
Promoting Leadership
322(1)
Recognizing Choices
322(1)
Locating Genuine Options
323(1)
Magnifying Strengths
323(2)
Changing Perspectives
325(7)
Offering Feedback
325(1)
Constructing Feedback
325(2)
Creating New Concepts
327(1)
Using Narrative Strategies
328(1)
Trying Out New Behaviors
329(3)
Managing Resources
332(3)
Linking Clients with Resources
333(1)
Case Advocacy
334(1)
Maximizing Clients' Rights
334(1)
Educating
335(4)
Teaching
335(2)
Sharing Information
337(2)
Looking Forward
339(2)
Research Navigator Search Terms
341(2)
13 Creating Alliances
343(33)
The Power of Alliances
344(1)
Developing Alliances through Groups
344(7)
Groups and Empowerment
344(2)
Mutual Aid in Groups
346(1)
Facilitating Group Functioning
347(1)
Social Action in Groups
348(1)
Self-Help Groups
349(2)
Strengthening Natural Support Alliances
351(3)
Social Support
351(1)
Workers' Roles in Encouraging Social Support
352(2)
Research on Natural Helping and Self-Help
354(1)
Case Management: Client-Service Alliances
354(13)
Case Management Defined
355(1)
The Purpose of Case Management
356(1)
Case Management in Action: A Practice Example
356(2)
Case Management Activities with Clients
358(2)
Case Management Activities with the Delivery System
360(1)
Workers' Resources for Case Management
361(1)
Research on Case Management
362(1)
Critical Issues and Ethical Dilemmas
363(4)
Organizational Alliances for Service Delivery
367(3)
Building Interagency Coalitions
367(1)
Community Integrated Services
368(1)
Working on Teams
369(1)
Leading Effective Meetings
369(1)
Professional Support Networks
370(5)
Alliances within Organizations
370(2)
Job Stress and Burnout
372(1)
Professional Memberships
373(1)
Connections in Cyberspace
374(1)
Looking Forward
375(1)
Research Navigator Search Terms
375(1)
14 Expanding Opportunities
376(26)
Opportunities: Keys to Empowerment
378(3)
Environmental Opportunities
378(1)
Environmental Risks
379(1)
Empowerment and Opportunities
379(1)
Empowerment in Groups and Communities
380(1)
Resource Expansion
381(3)
Identifying Resource Shortages
381(1)
Mobilizing Resources
382(1)
Educating the Public
383(1)
Writing Grants
383(1)
Community Change
384(6)
Community Theories
384(1)
Community Organizing
385(1)
Community Development
386(2)
Empowerment and Community Development
388(2)
Policy Development
390(3)
Policy Analysis and Change
390(1)
Consumer Participation in Policy Development
391(2)
Social Activism and Social Advocacy
393(5)
A Heritage of Social Reform
393(1)
Promoting Social Action
394(1)
Advocacy Role
394(2)
Political Awareness
396(2)
Social Work and Political Perspectives
398(1)
Legislative Advocacy
398(2)
Legislative Analysis
398(1)
Lobbying
399(1)
Legislative Testimony
400(1)
Looking Forward
400(1)
Research Navigator Search Terms
401(1)
15 Recognizing Success
402(28)
Social Work Evaluation and Research
402(3)
Integrating Practice and Research
405(1)
Practice Evaluation
405(8)
Progress Evaluation
406(1)
Client Outcome Assessment
407(1)
Program Evaluation
408(5)
Research
413(6)
The Research Process
413(1)
Research Terminology
414(4)
Qualitative and Quantitative Data Analysis
418(1)
Ethics in Research
418(1)
Single-System Designs
419(7)
Phases of Single-System Designs
420(1)
Types of Single-System Designs
421(5)
Limitations of Single-System Designs
426(1)
Research-Based Knowledge and Practice
426(1)
Action Research
427(2)
Looking Forward
429(1)
Research Navigator Search Terms
429(1)
16 Integrating Gains
430(29)
Social Work Endings
432(1)
Completing Contracts
433(10)
Preparing for Resolution
434(1)
Discussing Readiness
435(1)
Evaluating
436(1)
Reviewing Progress
437(1)
Sharing Feelings
437(2)
Generalizing Outcomes
439(1)
Firming Up Social Supports
440(1)
Celebrations and Ritualized Endings
440(3)
Closing with Referral
443(5)
Acknowledging Limited Resources
444(1)
Implementing Legal Mandates
445(1)
Recognizing Interim Success
446(1)
Making Referrals
446(2)
Responding to Clients' Discontinuation of Services
448(2)
Preparing for Early Withdrawal
448(1)
Recognizing Exit Clues
449(1)
Pursuing Mutual Resolutions
450(1)
When Clients Die
450(3)
Grief
451(1)
Grieving the Death of a Client
452(1)
Resolving Relationships with Larger Systems
453(4)
Small Group Endings
453(2)
Resolving Intermember Relationships
455(1)
Endings with Organizations and Communities
455(2)
Endings Are Beginnings
457(1)
Research Navigator Search Terms
458(1)
Epilogue 459(2)
Glossary 461(9)
Appendix A NASW Code of Ethics 470(20)
References 490(33)
Author Index 523(7)
Subject Index 530

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