Genetics : From Genes to Genomes

by Hartwell, Leland; Hood, Leroy; Goldberg, Michael L.; Reynolds, Ann; Silver, Lee M.

• ISBN13: 9780073227382
• ISBN10: 0073227382
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-10-09
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math

Summary

Genetics: From Genes to Genomesis a cutting-edge, introductory genetics text authored by an unparalleled author team, including Nobel Prize winner, Leland Hartwell. The Third Edition continues to build upon the integration of Mendelian and molecular principles, providing students with the links between early genetics understanding and the new molecular discoveries that have changed the way the field of genetics is viewed.

Table of Contents

About the Authors	iii
Preface	xi
Acknowledgements	xxi
Genetics: The Study of Biological Information	1	(12)
The Biological Information Fundamental to Life is Encoded in the DNA Molecule	1	(2)
Biological Function Emerges Primarily from Protein Molecules	3	(1)
Complex Systems Arise from DNA-Protein and Protein-Protein Interactions	4	(1)
All Living Things Are Closely Related at the Molecular Level	5	(2)
The Modular Construction of Genomes Has Allowed the Rapid Evolution of Complexity	7	(1)
Genetic Techniques Permit the Dissection of Complexity	8	(2)
Our Focus Is on Human Genetics	10	(3)
PART I Basic Principles: How Traits Are Transmitted	13	(154)
Mendel's Breakthrough: Patterns, Particles, and Principles of Heredity	13	(32)
Background: The Historical Puzzle of Inheritance	15	(4)
Genetic Analysis According to Mendel	19	(11)
Mendelian Inheritance in Humans: Two Comprehensive Examples	30	(15)
Fast Forward	22	(6)
Tools of Genetics	28	(6)
Genetics and Society	34	(11)
Extensions to Mendel: Complexities in Relating Genotype to Phenotype	45	(36)
Extensions to Mendel for Single-Gene Inheritance	46	(10)
Extensions to Mendel for Multifactorial Inheritance	56	(25)
Fast Forward	57	(11)
Genetics and Society	68	(13)
The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance	81	(42)
Chromosomes Contain the Genetic Material	82	(6)
Mitosis Ensures That Every Cell in an Organism Carries the Same Chromosomes	88	(5)
Meiosis Produces Haploid Germ Cells, the Gametes	93	(10)
Gametogenesis Requires Both Mitotic and Meiotic Divisions	103	(2)
Validation of the Chromosome Theory	105	(18)
Genetics and Society	87	(8)
Fast Forward	95	(28)
Linkage, Recombination, and the Mapping of Genes on Chromosomes	123	(44)
Gene Linkage and Recombination	124	(11)
Mapping: Locating Genes Along a Chromosome	135	(17)
Mitotic Recombination Can Produce Genetic Mosaics	152	(15)
Tools of Genetics	128	(14)
Fast Forward	142	(12)
Genetics and Society	154	(13)
PART II What Genes Are and What They Do	167	(134)
DNA: How the Molecule of Heredity Carries, Replicates, and Recombines Information	167	(40)
Experiments Designate DNA as the Genetic Material	168	(5)
The Watson-Crick Model: DNA Is a Double Helix	173	(7)
DNA Stores Information in the Sequence of Its Bases	180	(4)
DNA Replication: Copying Genetic Information for Transmission to the Next Generation	184	(7)
Recombination Reshuffles the Information Content of DNA	191	(16)
Tools of Genetics	182	(25)
Anatomy and Function of a Gene: Dissection Through Mutation	207	(48)
Mutations: Primary Tools of Genetic Analysis	208	(16)
What Mutations Tell Us About Gene Structure	224	(8)
What Mutations Tell Us About Gene Function	232	(7)
How Gene Mutations Affect Light-Receiving Proteins and Vision: A Comprehensive Example	239	(16)
Genetics and Society	216	(24)
Fast Forward	240	(15)
Gene Expression: The Flow of Genetic Information from DNA to RNA to Protein	255	(46)
The Genetic Code: How Precise Groupings of the Four Nucleotides Specify 20 Amino Acids	257	(8)
Transcription: RNA Polymerase Synthesizes a Single-Stranded RNA Copy of a Gene	265	(10)
Translation: Base Pairing Between mRNA and tRNAs Directs Assembly of a Polypeptide on the Ribosome	275	(7)
There Are Significant Differences in Gene Expression Between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes	282	(2)
Comprehensive Example: A Computerized Analysis of Gene Expression in C. elegans	284	(1)
How Mutations Affect Gene Expression and Gene Function	285	(16)
Genetics and Society	270	(31)
PART III Genomes	301	(164)
Deconstructing the Genome: DNA at High Resolution	301	(50)
Fragmenting Complex Genomes into Bite-Size Pieces for Analysis	303	(7)
Cloning Fragments of DNA	310	(9)
Hybridization Is Used to Identify Similar DNA Sequences	319	(8)
The Polymerase Chain Reaction Provides a Rapid Method for Isolating DNA Fragments	327	(3)
DNA Sequence Analysis	330	(5)
Understanding the Genes for Hemoglobin: A Comprehensive Example	335	(16)
Tools of Genetics	306	(14)
Genetics and Society	320	(31)
Reconstructing the Genome Through Genetic and Molecular Analysis	351	(40)
Analyses of Genomes	354	(12)
Major Insights from the Human and Model Organism Genome Sequences	366	(9)
High-Throughput Genomic Platforms Permit the Global Analysis of Genes and Their mRNAs	375	(16)
Genetics and Society	381	(10)
The Direct Detection of Genotype Distinguishes Individual Genomes	391	(46)
DNA Variation Is Multifaceted and Widespread	394	(5)
Detecting DNA Genotypes of Different Types of Polymorphisms	399	(9)
Positional Cloning: From DNA Markers to Gene Clones	408	(11)
Genetic Dissection of Complex Traits	419	(4)
Haplotype Association Studies for High-Resolution Mapping in Humans	423	(14)
Genetics and Society	394	(22)
Tools of Genetics	416	(21)
Systems Biology and Proteomics	437	(28)
What Is Systems Biology?	439	(1)
Looking at Biology as an Informational Science Is Central to the Practice of Systems Biology	440	(4)
Global Proteomics Strategies and High-Throughput Platforms Make It Possible to Gather and Analyze Systemwide Protein Data	444	(7)
Putting It All Together: The Practice of Systems Biology	451	(4)
A Systems Approach to Disease Leads to Predictive, Preventive, and Personalized Medicine	455	(10)
Genetics and Society	457	(8)
PART IV How Genes Travel on Chromosomes	465	(144)
The Eukaryotic Chromosome: An Organelle for Packaging and Managing DNA	465	(24)
The Components of Eukaryotic Chromosomes: DNA, Histones, and Nonhistone Proteins	466	(3)
Chromosome Structure: Variable DNA-Protein Interactions Create Reversible Levels of Compaction	469	(5)
Specialized Chromosomal Elements Ensure Accurate Replication and Segregation of Chromosomes	474	(5)
How Chromosomal Packaging Influences Gene Activity	479	(10)
Chromosomal Rearrangements and Changes in Chromosome Number Reshape Eukaryotic Genomes	489	(50)
Rearrangements of DNA Sequences Within Chromosomes	491	(25)
Changes in Chromosome Number	516	(8)
A Glimpse of the Future: Emergent Technologies in the Analysis of Chromosomal Rearrangements and Changes in Chromosome Number	524	(15)
Fast Forward	492	(47)
The Prokaryotic Chromosome: Genetic Analysis in Bacteria	539	(42)
A General Overview of Prokaryotes	540	(3)
The Bacterial Genome	543	(7)
Gene Transfer in Bacteria	550	(16)
Comprehensive Example: Genetic Dissection Helps Explain How Bacteria Move	566	(4)
Genome Analysis Provides Powerful New Tools for Understanding Bacteria	570	(11)
Genetics and Society	544	(37)
The Chromosomes of Organelles Outside the Nucleus Exhibit Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance	581	(28)
The Structure and Function of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genomes	583	(9)
Genetic Studies of Organelle Genomes Clarify Key Elements of Non-Mendelian Inheritance	592	(7)
Comprehensive Example: How Mutations in mtDNA Affect Human Health	599	(10)
Fast Forward	594	(6)
Genetics and Society	600	(9)
PART V How Genes Are Regulated	609	(148)
Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes	609	(34)
An Overview of Prokaryotic Gene Regulation	611	(1)
The Regulation of Gene Transcription	612	(14)
The Attenuation of Gene Expression: Fine-Tuning the trp Operon Through the Termination of Transcription	626	(2)
Global Regulatory Mechanisms Coordinate the Expression of Many Sets of Genes	628	(4)
A Comprehensive Example: The Regulation of Virulence Genes in V. cholerae	632	(11)
Genetics and Society	630	(13)
Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes	643	(42)
The Use of Genetics to Study Gene Regulation	645	(1)
Gene Regulation Begins with Control Over the Initiation of Transcription	646	(18)
Regulation After Transcription Influences RNA Production, Protein Synthesis, and Protein Stability	664	(5)
Sex Determination in Drosophila: A Comprehensive Example of Gene Regulation	669	(16)
Tools of Genetics	670	(15)
Cell-Cycle Regulation and the Genetics of Cancer	685	(32)
The Normal Control of Cell Division	686	(10)
Cancer Arises When Controls Over Cell Division No Longer Function Properly	696	(21)
Using Genetics to Study Development	717	(40)
Model Organisms: Prototypes for Developmental Genetics	719	(2)
Genetics Simplifies the Study of Development	721	(11)
The Genetic Analysis of Body-Plan Development in Drosophila: A Comprehensive Example	732	(13)
How Genes Help Control Development: A Mechanistic Framework	745	(12)
Genetics and Society	724	(33)
PART VI How Genes Change	757
The Genetic Analysis of Populations and How They Evolve	757	(34)
The Hardy-Weinberg Law: A Model for Understanding Allele, Genotype, and Phenotype Frequencies for a Single-Gene Trait in a Genetically Stable Population	759	(3)
Beyond Hardy-Weinberg: Measuring How Mutation and Selection Cause Changes in Allele Frequencies	762	(11)
Analyzing the Quantitative Variation of Multifactorial Traits	773	(18)
Genetics and Society	780	(11)
Evolution at the Molecular Level	791
The Origin of Life on Earth	794	(5)
The Evolution of Genomes	799	(6)
The Organization of Genomes	805	(8)
The Immunoglobulin Gene Superfamily: A Comprehensive Example of Molecular Evolution	813
Genetics and Society	802
Guidelines for Gene Nomenclature	1	(1)
Brief Answer Section	1	(1)
Glossary	1	(1)
Credits	1	(1)
Index	1