This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the geology and hydrocarbon potential of the major Neoproterozoic-Cambrian basins of Asia from Oman, across the Middle East and the Indian Subcontinent, to China and SE Siberia, along with new research on the region. Many of these areas (e.g., Oman, Bikaner-Nagaur Basin in India, South China and SE Siberia) host prolific Neoproterozoic-Cambrian petroleum systems with giant to supergiant fields. Three key elements: (1) tectonic stability, (2) relatively late phase of hydrocarbon generation and (3) presence of an effective evaporite seal, seem to be critical for the development of effective Neoproterozoic-Cambrian petroleum systems. These key elements appear of less consequence for the development of 'unconventional¿ hydrocarbons, and the future prospectivity in many of these basins may lie in the exploration for, and production of, shale gas and shale oil directly from the thermally mature, organic-rich source rocks.