Geothermal Power Plants

by DiPippo

• ISBN13: 9780080982069
• ISBN10: 0080982069
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2012-04-24
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

Now in its 3rd edition, this single resource covers all aspects of the utilization of geothermal energy for power generation using fundamental scientific and engineering principles. Its practical emphasis is enhanced by the use of case studies from real plants that increase the reader's understanding of geothermal energy conversion and provide a unique compilation of hard-to-obtain data and experience. Important new chapters cover Hot Dry Rock, Enhanced Geothermal Systems, and Deep Hydrothermal Systems. New, international case studies provide practical, hands-on knowledge. Provides coverage of all aspects of the utilization of geothermal energy for power generation from fundamental scientific and engineering principles International case studies from real plants provide a unique compilation of hard-to-obtain data and experience Includes pivotal updates on advances in Hot Dry Rock, Enhanced Geothermal Systems, and Deep Hydrothermal Systems

Author Biography

Ronald DiPippo is a world-renowned geothermal expert. He is Chancellor Professor Emeritus of-Mechanical Engineering at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, where he was former Associate Dean of Engineering.

Table of Contents

Foreword to the Third Edition	p. xi
Preface and Acknowledgements to the Third Edition	p. xv
Preface and Acknowledgements to the Second Edition	p. xix
Preface and Acknowledgements to the First Edition	p. xxi
Resource Identification and Development	p. 1
Geology of Geothermal Regions	p. 3
Introduction	p. 3
The Earth and its atmosphere	p. 4
Active geothermal regions	p. 6
Model of a hydro thermal geothermal resource	p. 9
Other types of geothermal resources	p. 11
References	p. 16
Problems	p. 17
Exploration Strategies and Techniques	p. 19
Introduction	p. 19
Objectives of an exploration program	p. 20
Phases of an exploration program	p. 20
Synthesis and interpretation	p. 33
The next step: Drilling	p. 35
References	p. 35
Problems	p. 36
Geothermal Well Drilling	p. 39
Introduction	p. 39
Site preparation and drilling equipment	p. 39
Drilling operations	p. 42
Safety precautions	p. 46
References	p. 47
Reservoir Engineering	p. 49
Introduction	p. 50
Reservoir and well flow	p. 50
Well testing	p. 60
Calcite scaling in well casings	p. 68
Reservoir modeling and simulation	p. 68
References	p. 74
Problems	p. 75
Geothermal Power Generating Systems	p. 79
Single-Flash Steam Power Plants	p. 81
Introduction	p. 82
Gathering system design considerations	p. 82
Energy conversion system	p. 87
Thermodynamics of the conversion process	p. 91
Example: Single-flash optimization	p. 97
Optimum separator temperature: An approximate formulation	p. 100
Environmental aspects for single-flash plants	p. 102
Equipment list for single-flash plants	p. 104
References	p. 107
Nomenclature for figures in Chapter 5	p. 108
Problems	p. 108
Double-Flash Steam Power Plants	p. 111
Introduction	p. 112
Gathering system design considerations	p. 112
Energy conversion system	p. 114
Thermodynamics of the conversion process	p. 115
Example: Double-flash optimization	p. 119
Scale potential in waste brine	p. 121
Environmental aspects for double-flash plants	p. 125
Equipment list for double-flash plants	p. 126
References	p. 127
Nomenclature for figures in Chapter 6	p. 127
Problems	p. 128
Dry-Steam Power Plants	p. 131
Introduction	p. 131
Origins and nature of dry-steam resources	p. 132
Steam gathering system	p. 138
Energy conversion system	p. 138
Example: Optimum wellhead pressure	p. 144
Environmental aspects of dry-steam plants	p. 147
Equipment list for dry-steam plants	p. 147
References	p. 148
Nomenclature for figures in Chapter 7	p. 149
Problems	p. 149
Binary Cycle Power Plants	p. 151
Introduction	p. 152
Basic binary systems	p. 153
Working fluid selection	p. 159
Advanced binary cycles	p. 163
Example of binary cycle analysis	p. 171
Environmental impact of binary cycles	p. 175
Equipment list for basic binary plants	p. 176
References	p. 178
Nomenclature for figures in Chapter 8	p. 179
Problems	p. 180
Advanced Geothermal Energy Conversion Systems	p. 183
Introduction	p. 184
Hybrid single-flash and double-flash systems	p. 185
Hybrid flash-binary systems	p. 189
Example: Integrated flash-binary hybrid system	p. 193
Total-flow systems	p. 196
Hybrid fossil-geothermal systems	p. 203
Combined heat and power plants	p. 207
Power plants for hypersaline brines	p. 209
Solar-geothermal hybrid plants	p. 212
References	p. 215
Nomenclature for figures in Chapter 9	p. 217
Problems	p. 218
Exergy Analysis Applied to Geothermal Power Systems	p. 223
Introduction	p. 223
First Law for open, steady systems	p. 224
Second Law for open, steady systems	p. 225
Exergy	p. 225
Exergy accounting for open, steady systems	p. 229
Exergy efficiencies and applications to geothermal plants	p. 230
References	p. 244
Problems	p. 244
Geothermal Power Plant Case Studies	p. 247
Larderello Dry-Steam Power Plants, Tuscany, Italy	p. 249
History of development	p. 249
Geology and reservoir characteristics	p. 252
Power plants	p. 256
Mitigation of environmental impact	p. 266
References	p. 267
Nomenclature for figures in Chapter 11	p. 268
The Geysers Dry-Steam Power Plants, Sonoma and Lake Counties, California, USA	p. 269
History and early power plants	p. 269
Geographic and geologic setting	p. 273
Well drilling	p. 275
Steam pipeline system	p. 276
Power plants	p. 277
Recharging the reservoir	p. 283
Toward sustainability	p. 286
References	p. 287
Cerro Prieto Power Station, Baja California Norte, Mexico	p. 289
Overview of Mexican geothermal development	p. 289
Cerro Prieto geographical and geological setting	p. 290
Cerro Prieto power plants	p. 294
Expansion of Cerro Prieto and nearby prospects	p. 301
References	p. 303
Nomenclature for figures in Chapter 13	p. 304
Hatchobaru Power Station, Oita Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan	p. 305
Overview of Japanese geothermal development	p. 305
Hatchobaru geothermal field	p. 307
Hatchobaru power units	p. 310
Conclusion and forecast	p. 316
References	p. 316
Nomenclature for figures in Chapter 14	p. 317
Mutnovsky Flash-Steam Power Plant, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia	p. 319
Setting, exploration, and early developments	p. 319
Conceptual model of Mutnovsky geothermal field	p. 320
Verkhne-Mutnovsky 12 MW power plant	p. 323
Mutnovsky first-stage 50 MW power plant	p. 326
Future power units at Mutnovsky	p. 327
References	p. 329
Miravalles Power Station, Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica	p. 331
Traveling to Miravalles	p. 331
History of geothermal development	p. 333
Wells	p. 335
Power generation	p. 336
Calcite inhibition system	p. 340
Acid neutralization system	p. 344
Environmental protection and monitoring	p. 345
Other geothermal power projects	p. 346
References	p. 347
Heber Binary Plants, Imperial Valley, California, USA	p. 349
Introduction	p. 349
Exploration and discovery	p. 349
The first Heber binary plant	p. 351
The second Heber binary plant	p. 353
References	p. 358
Nomenclature for figures in Chapter 17	p. 359
Magmamax Binary Power Plant, East Mesa, Imperial Valley, California, USA	p. 361
Setting and exploration	p. 361
Magmamax binary power plant	p. 362
Modified Magmamax binary power plant	p. 368
Conclusion	p. 373
References	p. 373
Nesjavellir and Hellisheidi Plants, Iceland	p. 375
Introduction	p. 375
Geology and geosciences	p. 376
Nesjavellir power plant	p. 379
Hellisheidi power plant	p. 384
References	p. 387
Raft River Plants, Idaho, USA	p. 389
Introduction	p. 389
Geology and geosciences	p. 390
Original development-DOE pilot plant	p. 393
New development-U.S. Geothermal plant	p. 403
References	p. 414
Geothermal Power Plants in Turkey	p. 417
Geologic setting	p. 417
Kizildere single-flash plant	p. 419
Salavath binary plants	p. 425
Germencik double-flash plant	p. 431
Environmental impact	p. 437
Current state and future prospects of geothermal power	p. 438
References	p. 439
Nomenclature for figures in Chapter 21	p. 441
Enhanced Geothermal Systems-Projects and Plants	p. 443
Definitions	p. 443
Early projects	p. 445
Later projects	p. 450
EGS power plants	p. 463
Proposed projects	p. 474
References	p. 478
Environmental Impact of Geothermal Power Plants	p. 483
Overview	p. 484
Regulations	p. 484
General impacts of electricity generation	p. 485
Environmental advantages of geothermal plants	p. 485
Environmental challenges of geothermal plants	p. 494
Summary	p. 504
References	p. 505
Appendices	p. 507
Worldwide State of Geothermal Power Plant Development as of August 2011	p. 509
Units Conversions	p. 531
Energy Equivalents	p. 533
Elements of Thermodynamics	p. 535
Answers to Selected Practice Problems	p. 547
Supplementary Problems	p. 549
Answers to Selected Supplementary Problems	p. 569
REFPROP Tutorial with Application to Geothermal Binary Cycles	p. 571
Index	p. 579
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