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9789241564373

Global Atlas on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control

by
  • ISBN13:

    9789241564373

  • ISBN10:

    9241564377

  • Edition: 1st
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2011-12-01
  • Publisher: STYLUS PUBLISHING LLC

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Summary

The Global Atlas on Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Diseasesis the second atlas on the worldwide epidemic of cardiovascular diseases published by the World Health Organization. Cardiovascular diseases lead the noncommunicable diseases epidemic contributing to nearly one third of global deaths; 17.3 million deaths a year. The 2011 atlas has been compiled mainly using publications and databases produced and maintained by the World Health Organization. The Atlascontains chapters on death and disability, behavioral and metabolic risk factors and determinants, evidence-based interventions for prevention and control, primary health care, inequities, implementation gaps, policies, strategies, Best Buys, health in all policies and monitoring in relation to cardiovascular diseases. The striking differences in death, disability and trends in cardiovascular diseases between high income countries and low and middle income countries described in this volume are largely related to the differences in public policies within as well as outside the health sector, the availability of financial resources for health, prevention and early detection practices, capacity of the health workforce accessibility to diagnosis and treatment and primary care services. The Atlasalso provides a baseline for monitoring of trends and for assessing progress made by countries in addressing the cardiovascular epidemic.

Table of Contents

Abbreviations and Measurementsp. v
Forewordp. vi
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) due to atherosclerosisp. 1
What are cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)?p. 2
Death and disability due to CVDs (heart attacks and strokes)p. 8
The underlying pathology of heart attacks and strokesp. 14
Evidence for prevention of heart attacks and strokesp. 16
Reducing cardiovascular risk to prevent heart attacks and strokesp. 18
Tobacco: The totally avoidable risk factor of CVDsp. 26
Physical inactivity: A preventable risk factor of CVDsp. 28
Harmful use of alcohol: A preventable risk factor of CVDsp. 30
Unhealthy diet: A preventable risk factor of CVDsp. 32
Obesity: A risk factor of CVDsp. 36
Raised blood pressure (hypertension): A major risk factor of CVDsp. 38
Raised blood sugar (diabetes): A major risk factor of CVDsp. 40
Raised blood cholesterol: A major risk factor of CVDsp. 42
Social determinants and CVDsp. 44
Risk factors take root in the womb, childhood and youthp. 46
Heart attacks and strokes in womenp. 48
Other determinants of CVDs: Ageing, globalization and urbanizationp. 50
Inequities and CVDsp. 54
Other cardiovascular diseasesp. 57
Cardiac arrhythmiap. 58
Congenital heart diseasep. 60
Rheumatic heart disease: A neglected heart disease of the poorp. 62
Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis): A neglected disease of the poorp. 66
Prevention and control of CVDs: Policies, strategies and interventionsp. 69
Prevention and control of CVDs: How do we know what works?p. 70
Prevention and control of CVDs: The need for integrated and complimentary strategiesp. 72
Prevention and control of CVDs: Health in All Policiesp. 74
Prevention and control of CVDs: The need for a national NCD policy frameworkp. 76
Policies and strategies for tobacco controlp. 78
Policies and strategies to facilitate healthy eatingp. 80
Policies and strategies to facilitate physical activityp. 84
Policies and strategies to address the harmful use of alcoholp. 88
Individual interventions for prevention and control of CVDsp. 92
Role of primary health care in prevention and control of CVDsp. 94
Best buys for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention and controlp. 96
Bridging the implementation gap for prevention and control of CVDsp. 100
Monitoring CVDsp. 102
Social mobilization for prevention and control of CVDsp. 104
Prevention and control of CVDs and socioeconomic developmentp. 106
Generating resources for CVD prevention and controlp. 108
CVD prevention and control: Why it should not be ignored any longer?p. 110
CVD prevention and control: Vision, roadmap and a landmark eventp. 114
World Health Organization, World Heart Federation and World Stroke Organizationp. 118
Referencesp. 119
List of figuresp. 127
References for figuresp. 131
Annexesp. 133
World Health Assembly resolution A64/61p. 134
Moscow Declarationp. 136
Regional Declarations on NCDsp. 139
Contact informationp. 144
Age-standardized death rates per 100,000 both sexes by cause and Member State, 2008 (1)p. 148
Indexp. 153
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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