Good Reasons With Contemporary Arguments

by Faigley, Lester; Selzer, Jack

ISBN13:

9780205285853

ISBN10:

0205285856

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

7/1/2000

Publisher(s):

Prentice Hall

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Summary

This brief rhetoric of argument with an anthology of readings on contemporary issues takes a non-Toulmin based approach to writing arguments in an electronic age. By stressing the rhetorical situation and the audience, the rhetoric avoids complicated terminology in favor of providing students with the practical means to find good reasons for the positions they want to advocate. The rhetoric includes readings by professional and student writers, including a pivotal selection from Rachel Carson's extraordinarily influential argument, Silent Spring. The anthology reprints over 60 arguments on interesting current issues: the environment, affirmative action, censorship, Title IX, substance abuse, gay rights, and the body.

Alternate Table of Contents: Types of Arguments

Preface

xxi

Part I Persuading with Good Reasons: What Do We Mean by Argument?

(106)

What to Argue About

(26)

A Book That Changed the World

(2)

Why Silent Spring Became a Classic

(6)

Tactics of Silent Spring

(3)

Analyzing Arguments: Pathos, Ethos, and Logos

(1)

Reading Arguments

(3)

TIPS Reading with a Pencil in Your Hand

(2)

Finding Arguments

(2)

Position and Proposal Arguments

(2)

``The Obligation to Endure''

(4)

Rachel Carson

``Hand-Me-Down Poisons''

(9)

Theo Colborn

Dianne Dumanoski

John Peterson Myers

Getting Started: Listing and Analyzing Issues

(2)

Getting Started: Making an Idea Map

(3)

Persuading with Good Reasons

(22)

The Basics of Arguments

(4)

TIPS What Is Not Arguable

(1)

The Basics of Reasoning

(2)

Finding Good Reasons

(7)

Can You Argue by Definition---from ``the Nature of the Thing''?

(1)

Can You Argue from Value?

(1)

Can You Compare or Contrast?

(1)

Can You Argue from Consequence?

(2)

Can You Counter Objections to Your Position?

(1)

Questions for Finding Good Reasons

(1)

Supporting Good Reasons

(2)

Deciding Which Good Reasons to Use

(1)

``Just Take Away Their Guns''

(6)

James Q. Wilson

Getting Started on Your Draft

(2)

Thinking More about Your Audience

(20)

What Exactly Is an Audience?

(1)

Readers Do More Than Absorb Information

(3)

Readers Begin with Purposes

(1)

Readers Begin with Expectations

(1)

Readers Compose as They Read

(1)

Readers React to What They Read

(1)

Constructing Your Readers

(1)

Who Will Read Your Argument?

(2)

What Does Your Audience Already Know---and Not Know?

(1)

What Are Your Audience's Attitudes toward You?

(1)

What Are Your Audience's Attitudes toward Your Subject and toward What You Want to Say?

(1)

Why People Reach Different Conclusions from the Same Evidence

(7)

How Different Assumptions Produce Different Claims from the Same Evidence

(1)

Creating Your Readers

(2)

``Marlboro College'' from The Fiske Guide to Colleges 1993

(5)

Getting Started: Writing for Particular Audiences

(1)

The Style of Arguments

(34)

Facts Alone Do Not Persuade

(5)

Ethos: Creating an Effective Persona

(4)

Advice on Argument from Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography

(1)

Choosing an Appropriate Voice

(7)

TIPS Strong Beginnings

(2)

Pathos: Appealing to Your Reader's Values

(2)

TIPS Strong Endings

(1)

The Language of Arguments

(4)

``Scenes from an Execution''

(12)

Christopher Hitchens

Steps in Writing a Rhetorical Analysis

104

(3)

Part II Some Types of Arguments: Options for Arguments

107

(100)

Definition Arguments

111

(20)

``Setting the Record Straight''

118

(8)

Scott McCloud

``Cheerleading Is a Competitive Sport''

126

(5)

Meghann O'Connor

Steps in Writing a Definition Argument

129

(2)

Causal Arguments

131

(22)

``Channel Surfing''

141

(12)

Douglas Rushkoff

Steps in Writing a Causal Argument

151

(2)

Evaluation Arguments

153

(16)

``In Colonial Williamsburg, the New History Meets the Old''

160

(4)

Eric Gable

Richard Handler

``The Diet Zone: A Dangerous Place''

164

(5)

Natascha Pocek

Steps in Writing an Evaluation Argument

167

(2)

Narrative Arguments

169

(12)

``The Border Patrol State''

173

(8)

Leslie Marmon Silko

Steps in Writing a Narrative Argument

179

(2)

Rebuttal Arguments

181

(14)

The Faculty of the University of Washington, ``Open Letter to Governor Gary Locke and the 2020 Commission on the Future of Higher Education''

188

(7)

Steps in Writing a Rebuttal Argument

192

(3)

Proposal Arguments

195

(12)

``Title IX: It's Time to Live Up to the Letter of the Law''

200

(7)

Donna Lopiano

Steps in Writing a Proposal Argument

204

(3)

Part III Effective Arguments: Designing, Documenting, and Revising Arguments

207

(118)

Effective Visual Design

209

(28)

Understanding Visual Arguments

209

(3)

Text

210

(1)

Images

211

(1)

Graphic Design

211

(1)

Print Is a Visual Medium

212

(6)

Design Basics

218

(8)

Arrangement

220

(2)

Consistency

222

(2)

Contrast

224

(2)

The Rhetoric of Type

226

(3)

Graphic Presentation of Information

229

(8)

Tables and Charts

229

(5)

Misleading Charts

234

(1)

Other Graphics

234

(3)

Effective Web Design

237

(26)

The Basics of the Web

237

(3)

A Very Brief History of the Internet and the World Wide Web

239

(1)

Arguments on the Web

240

(4)

Intranets

244

(1)

Putting Text on Your Web Site

244

(8)

Web Authoring Software

245

(1)

The First Screen Is the Most Important

245

(2)

Divide Your Text into Chunks

247

(2)

Format So That the Text Is Readable

249

(1)

Anticipate Readers' Questions and Objections

250

(2)

TIPS Stay Organized

252

(1)

Principles of Web Design

252

(6)

Determine the Visual Theme of Your Site

253

(2)

Know the Messages Your Images Convey

255

(1)

Direct the Viewer's Eyes

255

(3)

Keep the Visuals Simple

258

(1)

Navigational Design

258

(2)

Audience Considerations on the Web

260

(3)

Online Guides for Publishing on the Web

261

(2)

Effective Research

263

(22)

Research: Knowing What Information You Need

263

(3)

What Makes a Good Subject for Research

266

(1)

Planning Your Research

266

(3)

Interviews, Observations, and Surveys

267

(2)

Finding What Your Are Looking for in Print Sources

269

(3)

Scholarly, Trade, and Popular Journals

271

(1)

Finding What You Are Looking for in Electronic Sources

272

(7)

Using Search Engines

272

(1)

TIPS Using Search Engines

273

(1)

Searching by Key Word

274

(2)

Searching by Subject

276

(2)

Doing the Research for an Argument about Cloning

278

(1)

Evaluating Sources

279

(3)

Traditional Criteria for Evaluating Print Sources

280

(1)

Additional Criteria for Evaluating Web Sources

281

(1)

Taking Notes

282

(3)

Effective Documentation

285

(24)

Intellectual Property and Scholastic Honesty

285

(6)

What Plagiarism Is

286

(3)

Using Sources Effectively

289

(2)

MLA Documentation

291

(5)

Books

292

(1)

Periodicals

293

(1)

Online Sources

294

(2)

Other Sources

296

(1)

Sample Argument Paper Using Sources

296

(1)

``Should Race Be a Qualification to Attend College?''

297

(12)

Chris Thomas

Effective Revision

309

(16)

Switch from Writer to Reader

309

(1)

Focus on Your Argument

310

(2)

Focus on Your Style and Proofread Carefully

312

(13)

Appendix A: Working Effectively in Groups

315

(4)

Appendix B: APA Documentation

319

(6)

Part IV Contemporary Arguments

325

(310)

Negotiating the Environment

327

(54)

``The Land Ethic''

330

(14)

Aldo Leopold

``Dirty Word, Clean Place''

344

(7)

David Quammen

``Seven Doomsday Myths about the Environment''

351

(7)

Ronald Bailey

``Power Play Endangers Hawaii's Rain Forest''

358

(1)

Bill McKibben

``I Hate Trees''

358

(7)

Rosa Ehrenreich

``The Way to Rainy Mountain''

365

(5)

N. Scott Momaday

``Am I Blue?''

370

(4)

Alice Walker

``The Clan of One-Breasted Women''

374

(6)

Terry Tempest Williams

``Environmentalism in Advertising''

380

(1)

Saturn

Gay Rights

381

(45)

Some Gay-Rights Web Sites

383

(2)

``Where the Military's Antipathy to Homosexuals Came From''

385

(4)

E. Anthony Rotundo

``Well, yes, Mr. President...''

389

(1)

Mike Ritter

``Ban on Gays Is Senseless Attempt to Stall the Inevitable''

390

(2)

Barry Goldwater

``Here Comes the Groom''

392

(4)

Andrew Sullivan

``The Closet Straight''

396

(6)

Hadley Arkes

``Homophobic? Read Your Bible''

402

(3)

Peter J. Gomes

``How the Gay-Rights Movement Won''

405

(14)

Norman Podhoretz

``Appearances''

419

(7)

Carmen Vazquez

A Body of Arguments

426

(55)

``How the Nazis Interpreted Jazz''

429

(1)

Entartete Musik

``On Teenagers and Tattoos''

430

(4)

Andres Martin

``Inkmarks''

434

(7)

Emily Jenkins

``Complexion''

441

(3)

Richard Rodriguez

``Advertising Safer Sex Practices''

444

(2)

Brainchild

``Straightening Our Hair''

446

(7)

bell hooks

``The Disposable Rocket''

453

(3)

John Updike

``My Inner Shrimp''

456

(2)

Garry Trudeau

``The Other Body: Disability and Identity Politics''

458

(6)

Ynestra King

``Pro Wrestling and the End of History''

464

(8)

Paul Cantor

``Sister Act''

472

(9)

Evan Wright

Controlling Substances

481

(50)

``The Challenge of Legalizing Drugs''

484

(6)

Joseph P. Kane

``Legalizing Drugs Is Not the Solution''

490

(4)

Gerald W. Lynch

``An Argument about Alcohol''

494

(1)

Absolut Impotence

``It's Drugs, Stupid''

495

(4)

Joseph Califano, Jr.

``McCaffrey Must Not Stop with Andro''

499

(3)

Edwin Moses

``The Amazing Smoke Screen''

502

(2)

Robert Samuelson

``Mr. Chairman, I propose a $1.10 per pack tax on Twinkies!''

504

(1)

John Trever

``Binge Drinking on College Campuses''

505

(1)

Binge Beer

``The Magic Potion''

506

(4)

Michael Bamberger

``America's Altered States''

510

(21)

Joshua Wolf Shenk

On Censorship

531

(45)

Some Internet Links to the Censorship Issue and Usenet Groups

534

(1)

``Pornography, Obscenity, and the Case for Censorship''

535

(3)

Irving Kristol

``Information Superhighway''

538

(1)

Walt Handelsman

``The Perils of Pornophobia''

539

(5)

Nadine Strossen

Afterword to Fahrenheit 451

544

(3)

Ray Bradbury

``The Internet: A Clear and Present Danger?''

547

(5)

Cathleen Cleaver

``The Fallacies of Internet Censorship''

552

(1)

Jeffrey Shallit

``A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace''

552

(10)

John Perry Barlow

``Watch and Learn''

562

(7)

Gregg Easterbrook

``I objected to this book...''

569

(1)

Chuck Asay

``Truth or Consequences: Putting Limits on Limits''

570

(6)

Henry Louis Gates, Jr.

Affirmative Action

576

(43)

An Affirmative Action Case

578

(3)

``A Negative Vote on Affirmative Action''

581

(6)

Shelby Steele

``Promoting Racial Harmony''

587

(8)

Linda Chavez

``A Beginner's Guide to Universityspeak''

595

(1)

Henry Payne

``Why Women Need Affirmative Action''

596

(6)

Judy Lichtman

Jocelyn Frye

Helen Norton

``Racism Has Its Privileges''

602

(9)

Roger Wilkins

``Sins of Admission''

611

(4)

Dinesh D'Souza

``The Struggle for Inclusion''

615

(2)

Charles M.Vest

``Why Not a Lottery to Get into the University of California?''

617

(2)

Norman Matleff

Title IX: Women in College Sports

619

(16)

The 40 Institutions with the Smallest Disparity between the Proportion of Female Undergraduates and the Proportion of Female Athletes

620

(2)

Key Court Cases Related to Title IX

622

(2)

``Athletics Are Changing Girlhood---For the Better''

624

(2)

Geneva Overholser

``Title IX's Dark Side: Sports Gender Quotas''

626

(2)

Curt Levey

Before Title IX and After Title IX

628

(1)

``The Other Side of Title IX''

629

(3)

Ira Berkow

``Twisting and Tainting Title IX''

632

(3)

Alisa Solomon

Index

635

Good Reasons With Contemporary Arguments

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