The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event

by Webby, B. D.

• ISBN13: 9780231126786
• ISBN10: 0231126786
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-04-01
• Publisher: Columbia Univ Pr

Summary

Two of the greatest evolutionary events in the history of life on Earth occurred during Early Paleozoic time. The first was the Cambrian explosion of skeletonized marine animals about 540 million years ago. The second was the "Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event," which is the focus of this book. During the 46-million-year Ordovician Period (489--443 m.y.), a bewildering array of adaptive radiations of "Paleozoic- and Modern-type" biotas appeared in marine habitats, the first animals (arthropods) walked on land, and the first non-vascular bryophyte-like plants (based on their cryptospore record) colonized terrestrial areas with damp environments. This book represents a compilation by a large team of Ordovician specialists from around the world, who have enthusiastically cooperated to produce this first globally orientated, internationally sponsored IGCP (International Geological Correlation Program) project on Ordovician biotas. The major part is an assembly of genus- and species-level diversity data for the many Ordovician fossil groups. The book also presents an evaluation of how each group diversified through Ordovician time, with assessments of patterns of change and rates of origination and extinction. As such, it will become the standard work and data source for biotic studies on the Ordovician Period.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	ix
1 Introduction	1	(40)
Barry D. Webby
PART I Scaling of Ordovician Time and Measures for Assessing Biodiversity Change
2 Stratigraphic Framework and Time Slices	41	(7)
Barry D. Webby, Roger A. Cooper, Stig M. Bergstrom, and Florentin Paris
3 Calibration of the Ordovician Timescale	48	(4)
Peter M. Sadler and Roger A. Cooper
4 Measures of Diversity	52	(9)
Roger A. Cooper
PART II Conspectus of the Ordovician World
5 Major Terranes in the Ordovician	61	(7)
L. Robin M. Cocks and Trond H. Torsvik
6 Isotopic Signatures	68	(4)
Graham A. Shields and Ján Veizer
7 Ordovician Oceans and Climate	72	(5)
Christopher R. Barnes
8 Was There an Ordovician Superplums Event?	77	(4)
Christopher R. Barnes
9 End Ordovician Glaciation	81	(3)
Patrick J. Brenchley
10 Ordovician Sea Level Changes: A Baltoscandian Perspective	84	(13)
Arne Thorshøj Nielsen
PART III Taxonomic Groups
11 Radiolarians	97	(5)
Paula J. Noble and Taniel Danslian
12 Sponges	102	(10)
Marcelo G. Carrera and J. Keith Rigby
13 Stromatoporoids	112	(7)
Barry D. Webby
14 Conulariids	119	(5)
Heyo Van Iten and Zdenka Vyhlasova
15 Corals	124	(23)
Barry D. Webby, Robert J. Elias, Graham A. Young, Bjorn E.E. Neuman, and Dimitri Kaljo
16 Bryozoans	147	(10)
Paul D. Taylor and Andrej Ernst
17 Brachiopods	157	(22)
David A.T. Harper, L. Robin M. Cocks, Leonid E. Popov, Peter M. Sheehan, Michael G. Bassett, Paul Copper, Lars E. Holmer, Jisuo Jin, and Rong Jia-yu
18 Polyplacophoran and Symmetrical Univalve Mollusks	179	(17)
Lesley Cherns, David M. Rohr, and Jiri Fryda
19 Gastropods 184,
Jiri Frida and David M. Rohr
20 Bivalve and Rostroconch Mollusks	196	(13)
John C.W. Cope
21 Nautiloid Cephalopods	209	(5)
Robert C. Frey, Matilde S. Beresi, David H. Evans, Alan H. Kling, and Ian G. Percival
22 Tube-Shaped Incertae Sedis	214	(9)
John M. Malinky, Mark A. Wilson, Lars E. Holmer, and Hubert Lardeux
23 Worms, Wormlike and Sclerite-Bearing Taxa	223	(8)
Olle Hints, Mats Eriksson, Anette E.S. Högström, Petr Kraft, and Oliver Lehnert
24 Trilobites	231	(24)
Jonathan M. Adrain, Gregoiy D. Edgecombe, Richard A. Fortey, Øyvind Hammer, John R. Laurie, Timothy McCormick, Alan W. Owen, Beatriz G. Waisfeld, Barry D. Webby, Stephen R. Westrop, and Zhou Zhi-yi
25 Eurypterids, Phyllocarids, and Ostracodes	255	(11)
Simon J. Braddy, Victor P. Tollerton Jr., Patrick R. Racheboeuf, and Roger Schallreuter
26 Crinozoan, Blastozoan, Echinozoan, Asterozoan, and Homalozoan Echinoderms	266	(15)
James Sprinkle and Thomas E. Guensburg
27 Graptolites: Patterns of Diversity Across Paleolatitudes	281	(13)
Roger A. Cooper, Jörg Maletz, Lindsey Taylor, and Jan A. Zalasiewicz
28 Chitinozoans	294	(18)
Florentin Paris, Aicha Achab, Esther Asselin, Chen Xiao-hong, Yngve Grahn, Jaak Nolvak, Olga Obut, Joakim Samuelsson, Nikolai Sennikov, Marco Vecoli, Jacques Verniers, Wang Xiao-feng, and Theresa Winchester-Seeto
29 Conodonts: Lower to Middle Ordovician Record	312	(15)
Guillermo L. Albanesi and Stig M. Bergström
30 Vertebrates (Agnathans and Gnathostomas)	327	(9)
Susan Turner, Alain Blieck, and Godfrey S. Nowlan
31 Receptaculitids andAlgae	336	(12)
Matthew H. Nitecki, Barry D. Webby, Nils Spjeldnaes, and Zhen Yong-yi
32 Acritarchs	348	(13)
Thomas Servais, Jun Li, Ludovic Stricanne, Marco Vecoli, and Reed Wicander
33 Miospores and the Emergence of Land Plants	361	(8)
Philippe Steemans and Charles H. Wellman
PART IV Aspects of the Ordovician Radiation
34 The Ichnologic Record of the Ordovician Radiation	369	(11)
M. Gabriela Mángano and Mary L. Droser
35 The Ordovician Radiation: Toward a New Global Synthesis	380	(9)
Arnold I. Miller
List of Figures and Tables	389	(6)
References	395	(72)
List of Contributors	467	(6)
Index	473