Health Psychology A Cultural Approach

by Gurung, Regan A.R.

• ISBN13: 9780534626402
• ISBN10: 0534626408
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-08-22
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

With a conversational style that conveys the excitement, research base, and real world applications of the field, Regan A. R. Gurung introduces students to health psychology with an integrated cultural perspective. Starting with a description of the biological, psychological, and sociological factors that determine who we are, the text examines cultural differences in major health behaviors, and health, achieving the commendable goal of being comprehensive yet extremely accessible. Gurung focuses on key determinants of behavior, such as family, ethnicity, and religion, which are not always highlighted in health psychology books. Packed with the most up-to-date citations available, this book combines issues 'ripped from the headlines' with the classic issues in the field. A range of vivid examples from different cultural groups provides students with a comprehensive description of the basic theories in Health Psychology as well as an overview of cutting edge research in the field. Special sections highlighting clinical applications of basic theories, strong doses of personality and social psychological theories, and chapters exclusively devoted to variations in cultural beliefs, human development, and different diseases, combine to give readers the best of many worlds.

Table of Contents

Preface	xix
About the Author	xxi
Health Psychology: Setting the Stage	1	(32)
What Is Health?	4	(3)
Cross-Cultural Definitions of Health	7	(2)
Common Rubrics for Health	9	(1)
Why Is Culture Important?	9	(4)
Dimensions of Culture	12	(1)
Defining Culture	12	(1)
Context and Level of Analysis	13	(3)
Two Major ``Cultures''	15	(1)
Some Important Warnings	16	(3)
Health Psychology's Biopsychosocial Approach	19	(7)
The Evolution of Health Psychology	20	(6)
What Is Health Psychology?	26	(1)
Main Areas in Health Psychology	27	(1)
A Research Primer	27	(3)
Focus on Current Issues Profile of a Multicultural America	29	(1)
Chapter Summary	30	(1)
Synthesize, Evaluate, Apply	31	(1)
Key Terms, Concepts, and People	32	(1)
Essential Readings	32	(1)
Web Resources	32	(1)
Cultural Approaches to Health	33	(31)
Varieties of World Medicine	35	(1)
Western Biomedicine	36	(3)
Greek Roots	37	(1)
Technological Innovations	37	(2)
Traditional Chinese Medicine	39	(7)
Sources of Illness	40	(2)
Treatment	42	(4)
Ayurveda: Traditional Indian Medicine	46	(3)
Sources of Illness	47	(1)
Treatment	48	(1)
Curanderismo and Spiritualism	49	(3)
Sources of Illness	50	(1)
Treatment	51	(1)
American Indian Medicine	52	(3)
Sources of Illness	52	(1)
Treatment	53	(2)
African American Beliefs	55	(1)
Are Complementary and Alternative Approaches Valid?	56	(5)
Focus on Applications Acupuncture	60	(1)
Chapter Summary	61	(1)
Synthesize, Evaluate, Apply	62	(1)
Key Terms, Concepts, and People	62	(1)
Essential Readings	63	(1)
Web Resources	63	(1)
Health and Human Development	64	(32)
The Interaction between Culture, Development, and Health	65	(2)
What Is Development?	67	(1)
Biological Development	67	(7)
The Prenatal Period	67	(3)
Infancy and Early Childhood	70	(1)
Adolescence	71	(1)
Adulthood and Aging	72	(2)
Major Theories of Human Development	74	(9)
Social Development	74	(7)
Cognitive Development	81	(2)
Major Social Forces Influencing Development	83	(3)
The Family	83	(2)
Parenting Styles	85	(1)
Socioeconomic Status, Development, and Health	85	(1)
Health across the Lifespan and Culture	86	(2)
Ethnic Identity	88	(5)
Acculturation	89	(1)
Focus on Current Issues Body Image and the Trials of Adolescence	90	(3)
Chapter Summary	93	(1)
Synthesize, Evaluate, Apply	94	(1)
Key Terms, Concepts, and People	94	(1)
Essential Readings	95	(1)
Web Resources	95	(1)
Stress across Cultures	96	(43)
What Is Stress?	97	(5)
Stress over Time	99	(3)
Critical Physiology: The Nervous System	102	(3)
The Central Nervous System	102	(3)
The Peripheral Nervous System	105	(1)
Main Theories of Stress	105	(7)
Cannon's Fight-or-Flight Theory	105	(2)
Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome	107	(3)
Lazarus' Cognitive Appraisal Model	110	(2)
Factors Influencing Our Appraisals	112	(2)
Measuring Stress	114	(7)
Culture-Specific Stressors	121	(1)
Different Varieties of Stressors	122	(8)
Relationship Stress	122	(3)
Work Stress	125	(3)
Environmental Stress	128	(2)
Consequences of Stress	130	(6)
Focus on Current Issues Tend-and-Befriend or Fight-or-Flight?	134	(2)
Chapter Summary	136	(1)
Synthesize, Evaluate, Apply	136	(1)
Key Terms, Concepts, and People	137	(1)
Essential Readings	138	(1)
Web Resources	138	(1)
Coping and Social Support	139	(33)
What Is Coping?	140	(4)
Moderators versus Mediators	141	(3)
Coping Styles and Strategies	144	(2)
What Is the Best Way to Cope?	145	(1)
Who Copes Well?	146	(2)
Personality and Coping	148	(3)
Social Support	151	(3)
Types of Social Support	152	(2)
Cultural Variables in Social Support	154	(3)
Theories of Social Support Change	157	(2)
Common Measures of Coping	159	(2)
Ways of Coping Questionnaire	159	(1)
The Cope	160	(1)
Keys to Coping with Stress	161	(1)
Relaxation-Based Approaches	161	(3)
Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches	164	(5)
Focus on Current Issues May God Help You	167	(2)
Chapter Summary	169	(1)
Synthesize, Evaluate, Apply	170	(1)
Key Terms, Concepts, and People	171	(1)
Essential Readings	171	(1)
Web Resources	171	(1)
Models of Behavior Change	172	(28)
What Are Healthy Behaviors?	173	(4)
Healthy People 2010	175	(2)
What Determines Health Behaviors?	177	(4)
Key Theories of Health Behavior Change	181	(1)
The Health Belief Model	181	(3)
Culture and the Health Belief Model	183	(1)
Theory of Planned Behavior	184	(1)
Culture and the Theory of Planned Behavior	184	(1)
Transtheoretical Model	185	(3)
Comparing the Models	188	(2)
Changing Behaviors: Interventions	190	(5)
Top Ten Prescriptions	191	(4)
Changing Personal Behavior	195	(2)
Focus on Applications Smoking Interventions in College	195	(2)
Chapter Summary	197	(1)
Synthesize, Evaluate, Apply	198	(1)
Key Terms, Concepts, and People	199	(1)
Essential Readings	199	(1)
Web Resources	199	(1)
Health Behaviors: Eating, Physical Activity, Smoking, and Drinking	200	(35)
Eating	202	(12)
What Should We Be Eating?	203	(4)
Development of Food Preferences	207	(1)
Obesity	207	(6)
Eating Disorders	213	(1)
Cultural Variations in Eating Behaviors	213	(1)
Physical Activity	214	(4)
Cultural Variations in Physical Activity	216	(1)
Physical Consequences of Physical Activity	217	(1)
Psychological Consequences of Physical Activity	217	(1)
Smoking And Drinking	218	(1)
Smoking	218	(8)
Cultural Variations in Smoking	219	(2)
Why Do People Smoke?	221	(1)
Psychological Causes of Addiction	222	(1)
Physiological Consequences of Smoking	223	(3)
Drinking	226	(6)
Who Drinks, How Much, and Why?	226	(3)
Consequences of Alcohol Abuse	229	(1)
Focus on Applications You Know You Want To . . . : Changing Social Norms	230	(2)
Chapter Summary	232	(1)
Synthesize, Evaluate, Apply	233	(1)
Key Terms, Concepts, and People	233	(1)
Essential Readings	234	(1)
Web Resources	234	(1)
Factors Surrounding Illness	235	(22)
Culture and Illness Behaviors	236	(1)
Recognizing Symptoms	237	(4)
The Confirmation Bias	238	(1)
Attributions and Misattributions	239	(1)
Personality	240	(1)
Seeking Treatment	241	(6)
The Hospital Setting	244	(1)
Staff Relations	245	(2)
Patient-Practitioner Interactions	247	(3)
Communication	247	(2)
Cultural Stereotyping	249	(1)
Adherence to Treatment	250	(4)
Focus on Applications When the Spirit Catches You, Cultures Clash	252	(2)
Chapter Summary	254	(1)
Synthesize, Evaluate, Apply	254	(1)
Key Terms, Concepts, and People	255	(1)
Essential Readings	255	(1)
Web Resources	256	(1)
Pain	257	(27)
What Is Pain?	259	(1)
Cultural Variations in the Experience of Pain	260	(3)
Sex Differences	260	(1)
Ethnic Differences	260	(3)
Developmental Differences	263	(1)
Why Feel Pain?	263	(1)
Types of Pain	263	(1)
The Biology of Pain	264	(1)
Measuring Pain	264	(5)
Basic Pain Measures	265	(4)
Theories of Pain	269	(4)
Early Physiological and Psychological Approaches	269	(2)
Biopsychological Theories of Pain	271	(1)
The Gate Control Theory of Pain	272	(1)
The Psychology of Pain	273	(1)
Using the Gate Control Theory to Explain Pain Relief	274	(1)
Pain Management Techniques	275	(4)
Physiological Treatments	276	(1)
Psychological Treatments	277	(2)
Self-Management of Chronic Pain	279	(2)
Focus on Applications A Hospital Case Study	280	(1)
Chapter Summary	281	(1)
Synthesize, Evaluate, Apply	282	(1)
Key Terms, Concepts, and People	283	(1)
Essential Readings	283	(1)
Web Resources	283	(1)
Chronic Illness and Death	284	(31)
Prevalence Rates of Chronic Illnesses	286	(1)
Asthma	286	(3)
Varieties of Chronic Illnesses	289	(1)
Coping with Chronic Illnesses	289	(3)
Goals of Treatment	289	(1)
Quality of Life	289	(3)
Biopsychosocial Components of Adjustment	292	(4)
Biological Issues	293	(1)
Psychological Issues	293	(3)
Culture and Chronic Illness	296	(4)
Family and Neighborhoods	296	(1)
Culture and Ethnicity	297	(2)
Social Support	299	(1)
Interventions	300	(1)
Death	301	(4)
The Path to Death	301	(1)
Facilitating Death	301	(2)
Are There Stages?	303	(2)
Helping People Cope with Terminal Illnesses	305	(1)
Cultural Variations in Death and Dying	306	(3)
Sex, Gender, and Death	308	(1)
Terminal Illnesses and Religion	309	(3)
Focus on Applications Hospice	310	(2)
Chapter Summary	312	(1)
Synthesize, Evaluate, Apply	313	(1)
Key Terms, Concepts, and People	314	(1)
Essential Readings	314	(1)
Web Resources	314	(1)
Psychoneuroimmunology and HIV	315	(32)
The Physiology of Immunity	316	(4)
Measures of Immune Response	320	(1)
The Process of Defense	320	(4)
Nonspecific or Natural Immunity	321	(1)
Acquired Immunity	322	(2)
Psychoneuroimmunology	324	(2)
Behavioral Conditioning and Immunity	325	(1)
Stress and Immunity	325	(1)
HIV and AIDS	326	(5)
The History of AIDS	328	(2)
The Difference between HIV and AIDS	330	(1)
Physiological Correlates of HIV/AIDS	331	(1)
Psychological Correlates of HIV/AIDS	332	(3)
Psychological Factors Influencing Progression	335	(1)
Cultural Variations in AIDS	335	(3)
Women and AIDS	335	(1)
Ethnicity and AIDS	336	(1)
Other Cultural Issues	337	(1)
Health Psychological Models Relating to HIV/AIDS	338	(6)
Focus on Applications Yoga and Coping with Illnesses Such as AIDS	342	(2)
Chapter Summary	344	(1)
Synthesize, Evaluate, Apply	345	(1)
Key Terms, Concepts, and People	346	(1)
Essential Readings	346	(1)
Web Resources	346	(1)
Culture and Cancer	347	(35)
Prevalence of Cancer	349	(1)
What Is Cancer?	350	(4)
Types of Cancer	352	(2)
Cultural Variations in the Incidence of Cancer	354	(3)
Cultural Differences in Beliefs and Knowledge about Cancer	356	(1)
Developmental Issues in Cancer	357	(1)
Physiological Correlates of Cancer	358	(1)
Psychological Correlates of Cancer	358	(3)
Psychological Factors in Cancer Incidence	358	(1)
Psychological Responses to Cancer Diagnosis	359	(1)
Psychological Factors in Cancer Progression and Coping	360	(1)
Cancer, Stress, and Immunity	361	(1)
Health Behaviors and Cancer	362	(7)
Tobacco Use	362	(3)
Diet	365	(1)
Physical Activity	366	(1)
Sun Exposure	367	(2)
Treatment Options	369	(3)
Surgery	369	(1)
Chemotherapy	369	(1)
Radiation Therapy	370	(1)
Other Treatments	370	(2)
Behavioral Interventions	372	(7)
Aiding Prevention: Increasing Screening Behaviors	372	(2)
Cultural Differences in Screening	374	(2)
Inhibiting Progression and Helping Patients Cope	376	(1)
Focus on Applications Increasing Cancer Screening	377	(2)
Chapter Summary	379	(1)
Synthesize, Evaluate, Apply	380	(1)
Key Terms, Concepts, and People	380	(1)
Essential Readings	381	(1)
Web Resources	381	(1)
Culture and Cardiovascular Disease	382	(29)
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases	383	(2)
The Circulatory System	385	(6)
Some History	385	(2)
Key Components	387	(2)
The Mechanics of Circulation	389	(2)
A Biological Primer	391	(1)
Cultural Variations in the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease	391	(2)
Developmental Issues in Cardiovascular Disease	393	(1)
Physiological Correlates of Cardiovascular Disease	393	(2)
Psychological Correlates of Cardiovascular Disease	395	(3)
Stress	397	(1)
Health Behaviors and Cardiovascular Disease	398	(3)
Tobacco Use	398	(1)
Diet	399	(1)
Physical Activity	400	(1)
Hypertension and Stroke	401	(1)
Treatment Options	402	(5)
Surgery	403	(1)
Behavioral Interventions	404	(1)
Focus on Applications The Lifestyle Heart Trial	405	(2)
Chapter Summary	407	(1)
Synthesize, Evaluate, Apply	408	(1)
Key Terms, Concepts, and People	409	(1)
Essential Readings	409	(1)
Web Resources	410	(1)
The Future of Health Psychology	411	(14)
Looking to the Future	412	(7)
A Greater Focus on Sociocultural Issues	413	(1)
A Focus on Developmental Issues and the Lifespan	414	(1)
Fine-Tuning the Biopsychosocial Model	415	(1)
A Multidimensional Approach	416	(1)
Technical Innovations	417	(1)
Interventions	418	(1)
Enhanced Training	419	(1)
Related Developments	419	(2)
Biopsychocultural Health Psychology	421	(2)
Focus on Applications Careers and Graduate Training in Health Psychology	421	(2)
Chapter Summary	423	(1)
Synthesize, Evaluate, Apply	424	(1)
Key Terms, Concepts, and People	424	(1)
Essential Readings	424	(1)
Web Resources	424	(1)
References	425	(34)
Name Index	459	(17)
Subject Index	476