Heritage of World Civilizations, TLC edition, Combined Volume

by Craig, Albert M.; Graham, William A.; Kagan, Donald; Ozment, Steven; Turner, Frank M.

• ISBN13: 9780132196826
• ISBN10: 0132196824
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback w/CD
• Copyright: 2007-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

For courses in World History I (to 1500) and World History II (since 1500). This highly visual, brief text provides and engaging overview of human civilization. The Teaching & Learning Classroom edition of the highly successful Heritage of World Civilizations , Seventh Edition, provides your students with the most help available in reading, thinking about, and applying the material they learn in the text and in the classroom. A series of pedagogical aids, and in-text and additional study resources (as well as complete instructor presentational and assessment support), both make this text the perfect choice for those looking to make history come alive for their students. Written by leading historians, this is the book that will change the way you feel about history. Prentice Hall developed this text to bring history to your students with more visual appeal than ever. This is the book that they will want to read because it is interesting. They will think about what yours"re reading because it has relevance to their life. With this book and the multimedia tools we crafted to accompany it, your students will truly experience historyrs"s dramatic trials and passionate triumphs in a way that adds meaning to their own life. And they will score better on tests because preparation will be easier and less time-consuming than they ever dreamed possible.

Table of Contents

Preface	xxii
PART 1 The Coming of Civilization	2	(52)
The Birth of Civilization	4	(24)
Early Human Beings and Their Culture	6	(1)
The Paleolithic Age	6	(1)
The Neolithic Age	7	(1)
The Bronze Age and the Birth of Civilization	7	(1)
Early Civilizations to About 1000 B.C.E.	7	(6)
Mesopotamian Civilization	8	(3)
Egyptian Civilization	11	(2)
Ancient Middle Eastern Empires	13	(3)
The Hittites	14	(1)
The Kassites	14	(1)
The Mitannians	14	(1)
The Assyrians	14	(1)
The Second Assyrian Empire	14	(2)
The Neo-Babylonians	16	(1)
Early Indian Civilization	16	(4)
The Indus Civilization	16	(2)
The Vedic Aryan Civilization	18	(2)
Early Chinese Civilization	20	(3)
Neolithic Origins in the Yellow River Valley	20	(1)
Early Bronze Age: The Shang	20	(2)
Late Bronze Age: The Western Zhou	22	(1)
Iron Age: The Eastern Zhou	22	(1)
The Rise of Civilization in the Americas	23	(2)
Summary	25	(1)
Review Questions	26	(1)
Key Terms	27	(1)
The Four Great Revolutions in Thought and Religion	28	(26)
Comparing the Four Great Revolutions	30	(1)
Philosophy in China	30	(3)
Confucianism	30	(2)
Daoism	32	(1)
Legalism	33	(1)
Religion in India	33	(6)
``Hindu'' and ``Indian''	33	(1)
Historical Background	33	(1)
The Upanishadic Worldview	34	(2)
Mahavira and the Jain Tradition	36	(1)
The Buddha's ``Middle Path''	36	(3)
The Religion of the Israelites	39	(3)
From Hebrew Nomads to the Israelite Nation	39	(1)
The Monotheistic Revolution	40	(2)
Greek Philosophy	42	(6)
Reason and the Scientific Spirit	43	(2)
Political and Moral Philosophy	45	(3)
Summary	48	(1)
Review Questions	49	(1)
Key Terms	49	(1)
Religions of the World
Judaism	50	(2)
Visualizing The Past
Humans and Nature in Antiquity	52	(2)
PART 2 EMPIRES AND CULTURES OF THE ANCIENT WORLD	54	(118)
Greek and Hellenistic Civilization	56	(28)
Bronze Age on Crete and on the Mainland to Ca. 1150 B.C.E.	58	(1)
The Minoans	58	(1)
The Mycenaeans	58	(1)
Greek ``Middle Age'' to Ca. 750 B.C.E.	59	(2)
Age of Homer	60	(1)
The Polis	61	(1)
Development of the Polis	61	(1)
The Hoplite Phalanx	61	(1)
Expansion of the Greek World	62	(2)
Greek Colonies	62	(2)
The Tyrants (ca. 700--500 B.C.E.)	64	(1)
Life in Archaic Greece	64	(2)
Society	64	(1)
Religion	65	(1)
Poetry	66	(1)
Major City-States	66	(2)
Sparta	66	(1)
Athens	67	(1)
The Persian Wars	68	(1)
Ionian Rebellion	68	(1)
The War in Greece	68	(1)
Classical Greece	69	(2)
The Delian League	69	(2)
The First Peloponnesian War	71	(1)
The Athenian Empire	71	(4)
Athenian Democracy	72	(1)
Women of Athens	72	(1)
The Great Peloponnesian War	73	(1)
Struggle for Greek Leadership	73	(2)
Culture of Classical Greece	75	(2)
Fifth Century B.C.E.	76	(1)
Fourth Century B.C.E.	77	(1)
Emergence of the Hellenistic World	77	(3)
Macedonian Conquest	77	(1)
Alexander the Great and His Successors	78	(2)
Hellenistic Culture	80	(2)
Philosophy	80	(1)
Literature	81	(1)
Architecture and Sculpture	82	(1)
Mathematics and Science	82	(1)
Summary	82	(1)
Review Questions	83	(1)
Key Terms	83	(1)
Iran, India, and Inner Asia to 200 C.E.	84	(20)
Ancient History	86	(1)
The Elamites	86	(1)
The Iranians	86	(1)
Ancient Iranian Religion	87	(1)
Zoroaster and the Zoroastrian Tradition	87	(1)
The First Iranian Empire (550--330 B.C.E.)	87	(4)
The Achaemenids	87	(1)
The Achaemenid State	88	(2)
The Achaemenid Economy	90	(1)
India	91	(1)
The First Indian Empire (321--185 B.C.E.)	91	(4)
Political Background	91	(1)
The Mauryans	92	(3)
Consolidation of Indian Civilization (Ca. 200 B.C.E.--300 C.E.)	95	(2)
The Economic Base	95	(1)
High Culture	95	(1)
Religion and Society	96	(1)
Greek and Asian Dynasties	97	(1)
Seleucids	97	(1)
Indo-Greeks	97	(1)
Steppe Peoples	98	(2)
Parthians	98	(1)
Sakas and Kushans	99	(1)
Summary	100	(1)
Review Questions	100	(1)
Key Terms	101	(1)
Visualizing The Past
Goddesses and the Female Form in Ancient Art	102	(2)
Africa, Early History to 1000 C.E.	104	(18)
Problems of Interpretation and Sources	106	(1)
The Question of Civilization	106	(1)
The Source Problem	106	(1)
Physical Description of the Continent	106	(1)
African Peoples	107	(1)
Africa and Early Human Culture	107	(1)
Diffusion of Languages and Peoples	108	(1)
Racial Distinctions	108	(1)
The Sahara and the Sudan to the Beginning of the Common Era	108	(4)
Early Saharan Cultures	108	(1)
Neolithic Sudanic Cultures	109	(1)
The Early Iron Age and the Nok Culture	110	(2)
Nilotic Africa and the Ethopian Highlands	112	(4)
The Kingdom of Kush	112	(1)
The Napatan Empire	112	(1)
The Meroitic Empire	112	(2)
The Aksumite Empire	114	(2)
Isolation of Christian Ethiopia	116	(1)
The Western and Central Sudan	116	(2)
Agriculture, Trade, and the Rise of Urban Centers	116	(2)
Formation of Sudanic Kingdoms in the First Millennium	118	(1)
Central, Southern, and East Africa	118	(3)
Bantu Migrations and Diffusion	119	(1)
East Africa	119	(2)
Summary	121	(1)
Review Questions	121	(1)
Key Terms	121	(1)
Republican and Imperial Rome	122	(30)
Prehistoric Italy	124	(1)
The Etruscans	124	(1)
Royal Rome	124	(1)
Government	124	(1)
Family	125	(1)
Clientage	125	(1)
Patricians and Plebeians	125	(1)
The Republic	125	(5)
Constitution	125	(1)
Conquest of Italy	126	(1)
Rome and Carthage	127	(2)
The Republic's Conquest of the Hellenistic World	129	(1)
Civilization in the Early Roman Republic: Greek Influence	130	(1)
Religion	130	(1)
Education	130	(1)
Roman Imperialism	131	(2)
Aftermath of Conquest	131	(1)
The Gracchi	131	(1)
Marius and Sulla	132	(1)
War Against the Italian Allies (90--88 B.C.E.)	133	(1)
Sulla's Dictatorship	133	(1)
Fall of the Republic	133	(1)
Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar	133	(1)
First Triumvirate	133	(1)
Dictatorship of Julius Caesar	133	(1)
Second Triumvirate and the Emergence of Octavian	134	(1)
The Augustan Principate	134	(1)
Administration	134	(1)
The Army and Defense	135	(1)
Religion and Morality	135	(1)
Civilization of the Ciceronian and Augustan Ages	135	(2)
The Late Republic	135	(1)
The Age of Augustus	136	(1)
Peace and Prosperity: Imperial Rome (14--180 C.E.)	137	(4)
Administration of the Empire	139	(1)
Culture of the Early Empire	139	(1)
Life in Imperial Rome: The Apartment House	140	(1)
Rise of Christianity	141	(2)
Jesus of Nazareth	141	(1)
Paul of Tarsus	142	(1)
Organization	142	(1)
Persecution of Christians	142	(1)
Emergence of Catholicism	142	(1)
Rome as a Center of the Early Church	143	(1)
The Crisis of the Third Century	143	(1)
Barbarian Invasions	143	(1)
Economic Difficulties	144	(1)
The Social Order	144	(1)
Civil Disorder	144	(1)
The Late Empire	144	(4)
The Fourth Century and Imperial Reorganization	144	(2)
Triumph of Christianity	146	(2)
Arts and Letters in the Late Empire	148	(2)
Preservation of Classical Culture	148	(2)
Christian Writers	150	(1)
Summary	150	(1)
Review Questions	150	(1)
Key Terms	151	(1)
China's First Empire 221 B.C.E.--589 C.E.	152	(20)
Qin Unification of China	154	(2)
Former Han Dynasty (206 B.C.E.--8 C.E.)	156	(6)
The Dynastic Cycle	156	(1)
Early Years of the Former Han Dynasty	157	(1)
Han Wudi	157	(1)
The Xiongnu	158	(1)
Government During the Former Han	158	(3)
The Silk Road	161	(1)
Decline and Usurpation	161	(1)
Later Han (25--220 C.E.) and Its Aftermath	162	(2)
First Century	162	(1)
Decline During the Second Century	162	(1)
Aftermath of Empire	163	(1)
Han Thought and Religion	164	(5)
Han Confucianism	164	(1)
History	165	(1)
Neo-Daoism	165	(1)
Buddhism	166	(3)
Summary	169	(1)
Review Questions	169	(1)
Key Terms	169	(1)
Visualizing The Past
The Silk Road in Late Antiquity	170	(2)
PART 3 CONSOLIDATION AND INTERACTION OF WORLD CIVILIZATIONS	172	(198)
Imperial China 589 B.C.E.--1368 C.E.	174	(30)
Reestablishment of Empire: Sui (589--618) and Tang (618--907) Dynasties	176	(11)
The Sui Dynasty	176	(1)
The Tang Dynasty	177	(10)
Transition to Late Imperial China: The Song Dynasty (960--1279)	187	(8)
Agricultural Revolution of the Song: From Serfs to Free Farmers	187	(1)
Commercial Revolution of the Song	188	(2)
Government: From Aristocracy to Autocracy	190	(1)
Song Culture	191	(4)
China in the Mongol World Empire: The Yuan Dynasty (1279--1368)	195	(7)
Rise of the Mongol Empire	195	(2)
Mongol Rule in China	197	(3)
Foreign Contacts and Chinese Culture	200	(1)
Last Years of the Yuan	201	(1)
Summary	202	(1)
Review Questions	203	(1)
Key Terms	203	(1)
Japan, Early History to 1467	204	(22)
Japanese Origins and the Yayoi Revolution	206	(3)
Tomb Culture, the Yamato State, and Korea	206	(1)
Religion in Early Japan	207	(2)
Nara and Heian Japan	209	(3)
Court Government	209	(2)
Land and Taxes	211	(1)
Rise of the Samurai	211	(1)
Aristocratic Culture and Buddhism	212	(3)
Chinese Tradition in Japan	212	(1)
Birth of Japanese Literature	213	(1)
Nara and Heian Buddhism	214	(1)
Japan's Early Feudal Age	215	(4)
The Kamakura Era	215	(2)
The Question of Feudalism	217	(1)
The Ashikaga Era	218	(1)
Women in Warrior Society	218	(1)
Agriculture, Commerce, and Medieval Guilds	219	(1)
Buddhism and Medieval Culture	219	(3)
Japanese Pietism: Pure Land and Nichiren Buddhism	220	(1)
Zen Buddhism	221	(1)
No Plays	222	(1)
Summary	222	(1)
Review Questions	223	(1)
Key Terms	223	(1)
Religions of the World
Buddhism	224	(2)
Iran and India Before Islam	226	(18)
Iran	228	(1)
The Parthians	228	(1)
The Sasanid Empire (224--651 C.E.)	229	(3)
Society and Economy	229	(1)
Religion	230	(1)
Later Sasanid Developments	231	(1)
India	232	(1)
Golden Age of the Guptas	232	(4)
Gupta Rule	232	(1)
Gupta Culture	232	(4)
The Development of ``Classical'' Traditions in Indian Civilization (Ca. 300--1000 C.E.)	236	(4)
Society	236	(1)
Religion	237	(3)
Summary	240	(1)
Review Questions	240	(1)
Key Terms	241	(1)
Religions of the World
Hinduism	242	(2)
The Formation of Islamic Civilization 622--945	244	(20)
Origins and Early Development	246	(4)
The Setting	246	(1)
Muhammad and the Qur'an	246	(4)
Women in Early Islamic Society	250	(1)
Early Islamic Conquests	250	(3)
Course of Consquest	251	(1)
Factors of Success	251	(2)
The New Islamic Order	253	(5)
The Caliphate	253	(1)
The Ulama	254	(1)
The Umma	255	(3)
The High Caliphate	258	(2)
The Abbasid State	258	(1)
Society	259	(1)
Decline	259	(1)
``Classical'' Islamic Culture	260	(3)
Intellectual Traditions	260	(1)
Language and Literature	260	(1)
Art and Architecture	261	(2)
Summary	263	(1)
Review Questions	263	(1)
Key Terms	263	(1)
The Byzantine Empire and Western Europe to 1000	264	(24)
The End of the Western Roman Empire	266	(1)
The Byzantine Empire	266	(6)
The Reign of Justinian	267	(5)
The Impact of Islam on East and West	272	(1)
The Western Debt to Islam	272	(1)
The Developing Roman Church	273	(2)
Monastic Culture	273	(1)
The Doctrine of Papal Primacy	274	(1)
Division of Christendom	274	(1)
The Kingdom of the Franks	275	(8)
Merovingians and Carolingians: From Clovis to Charlemagne	275	(1)
Reign of Charlemagne (768--814)	276	(4)
Breakup of the Carolingian Kingdom	280	(3)
Feudal Society	283	(2)
Origins	283	(1)
Vassalage and the Fief	283	(1)
Fragmentation and Divided Loyalty	284	(1)
Summary	285	(1)
Review Questions	286	(1)
Key Terms	287	(1)
Islam in the Heartlands and Beyond, ca. 1000--1600	288	(22)
The Islamic Heartlands	291	(1)
Religion and Society	291	(2)
Consolidation of Sunni Orthodoxy	291	(1)
Sufi Piety and Organization	292	(1)
Consolidation of Shi'ite Traditions	293	(1)
Regional Developments	293	(7)
The Islamic West: Spain and North Africa	293	(1)
The Islamic West: Egypt and the Eastern Mediterranean World	294	(2)
The Islamic East: Before the Mongol Conquests	296	(2)
The Islamic East: The Mongol Age	298	(2)
The Spread of Islam Beyond the Heartlands	300	(1)
India and Southeast Asia	301	(1)
Muslim-Hindu Encounter	301	(1)
Islamic States and Dynasties	301	(2)
Southeast Asia	303	(1)
Religious and Cultural Accommodation	304	(1)
Hindu and Other Indian Traditions	305	(1)
Summary	305	(1)
Review Questions	305	(1)
Key Terms	306	(2)
Visualizing The Past
The Divine in the Middle Ages	308	(2)
Ancient Civilizations of the Americas	310	(26)
Reconstructing the History of Native American Civilization	312	(1)
Mesoamerica	312	(2)
The Formative Period and the Emergence of Mesoamerican Civilization	314	(2)
The Olmec	314	(1)
The Valley of Oaxaca and the Rise of Monte Alban	315	(1)
The Emergence of Writing and the Mesoamerican Calendar	316	(1)
The Classic Period in Mesoamerica	316	(4)
Teotihuacan	316	(2)
The Maya	318	(2)
The Post-Classic Period	320	(6)
The Toltecs	320	(1)
The Aztecs	321	(5)
Andean South America	326	(1)
The Preceramic and the Initial Period	326	(1)
Chavin de Huantar and the Early Horizon	327	(1)
The Early Intermediate Period	327	(1)
Nazca	327	(1)
Moche	327	(1)
The Middle Horizon Through the Late Intermediate Period	328	(2)
Tiwanaku and Huari	328	(1)
The Chimu Empire	329	(1)
The Inca Empire	330	(2)
Summary	332	(1)
Review Questions	332	(1)
Key Terms	333	(1)
Visualizing The Past
Mapping the World before 1500	334	(2)
Europe to the Early 1500s: Revival, Decline, and Renaissance	336	(34)
Revival of Empire, Church, and Towns	338	(8)
Otto I and the Revival of the Empire	338	(1)
The Reviving Catholic Church	339	(1)
The Crusades	340	(3)
Towns and Townspeople	343	(3)
Society	346	(4)
The Order of Life	346	(3)
Medieval Women	349	(1)
Growth of National Monarchies	350	(4)
England and France: Hastings (1066) to Bouvines (1214)	350	(2)
France in the 13th Century: Reign of Louis IX	352	(1)
The Hohenstaufen Empire (1152--1272)	352	(2)
Political and Social Breakdown	354	(4)
Hundred Years' War	354	(1)
The Black Death	355	(3)
Ecclesiastical Breakdown and Revival: The Late Medieval Church	358	(1)
Boniface VIII and Philip the Fair	358	(1)
The Great Schism (1378--1417) and the Conciliar Movement to 1449	358	(1)
The Renaissance in Italy (1375--1527)	359	(5)
The Italian City-State: Social Conflict and Despotism	359	(1)
Humanism	360	(2)
Renaissance Art	362	(1)
Italy's Political Decline: The French Invasions (1494--1527)	363	(1)
Niccolo Machiavelli	364	(1)
Revival of Monarchy: Nation Building in the 15th Century	364	(4)
Medieval Russia	365	(1)
France	366	(1)
Spain	366	(1)
England	367	(1)
Summary	368	(1)
Review Questions	369	(1)
Key Terms	369	(1)
PART 4 THE WORLD IN TRANSITION	370	(164)
Europe 1500--1650: Expansion, Reformation and Religious Wars	372	(42)
The Discovery of a New World	374	(2)
The Reformation	376	(15)
The Northern Renaissance	378	(1)
Martin Luther and the German Reformation to 1525	379	(5)
Zwingli and the Swiss Reformation	384	(1)
Anabaptists and Radical Protestants	385	(1)
John Calvin and the Genevan Reformation	385	(1)
Political Consolidation of the Lutheran Reformation	386	(1)
The English Reformation to 1553	387	(2)
Catholic Reform and Counter-Reformation	389	(2)
The Reformation's Achievements	391	(3)
Family Life in Early Modern Europe	393	(1)
The Wars of Religion	394	(9)
French Wars of Religion (1562--1598)	394	(3)
Imperial Spain and the Reign of Philip II (1556--1598)	397	(1)
England and Spain (1558--1603)	398	(1)
The Thirty Years' War (1618--1648)	399	(4)
Superstition and Enlightenment: The Battle Within	403	(7)
Witch Hunts and Panic	403	(2)
Writers and Philosophers	405	(5)
Summary	410	(1)
Review Questions	410	(1)
Key Terms	411	(1)
Religions of the World
Christianity	412	(2)
Africa, ca. 1000--1800	414	(20)
North Africa and Egypt	416	(1)
The Spread of Islam South of the Sahara	416	(1)
Sahelian Empires of the Western and Central Sudan	417	(6)
Ghana	417	(1)
Mali	418	(3)
Songhai	421	(1)
Kanem and Kanem-Bornu	421	(2)
The Eastern Sudan	423	(1)
The Forestlands---Coastal West and Central Africa	423	(5)
West African Forest Kingdoms: The Example of Benin	423	(1)
European Arrivals on the Coastlands	424	(1)
Central Africa	425	(3)
East Africa	428	(1)
Swahili Culture and Commerce	428	(1)
The Portuguese and the Omanis of Zanzibar	429	(1)
Southern Africa	429	(3)
Southeastern Africa: ``Great Zimbabwe''	429	(1)
The Portuguese in Southeastern Africa	430	(1)
South Africa: The Cape Colony	431	(1)
Summary	432	(1)
Review Questions	433	(1)
Key Terms	433	(1)
Conquest and Exploitation: The Development of the Transatlantic Economy	434	(22)
Periods of European Overseas Expansion	436	(1)
Mercantilist Theory of Economic Exploitation	436	(1)
Establishment of the Spanish Empire in America	437	(2)
Conquest of the Aztecs and the Incas	437	(1)
The Roman Catholic Church in Spanish America	438	(1)
Economies of Exploitation in the Spanish Empire	439	(5)
Varieties of Economic Activity	439	(2)
The Decline of the Native American Population	441	(1)
Commercial Regulation and The Flota System	441	(1)
Colonial Brazil and Slavery	442	(2)
French and British Colonies in North America	444	(2)
Slavery in the Americas	446	(1)
Establishment of Slavery	446	(1)
The Plantation Economy and Transatlantic Trade	446	(1)
Slavery on the Plantations	447	(1)
Africa and the Transatlantic Slave Trade	447	(7)
The Background of Slavery	449	(1)
Slavery and Slaving in Africa	449	(1)
The African Side of the Transatlantic Trade	450	(1)
The Extent of the Slave Trade	450	(1)
Consequences of the Slave Trade for Africa	451	(3)
Summary	454	(1)
Review Questions	455	(1)
Key Terms	455	(1)
East Asia in the Late Traditional Era	456	(28)
Late Imperial China	458	(1)
Ming (1368--1644) and Qing (1644--1911) Dynasties	458	(7)
Land and People	458	(1)
China's Third Commercial Revolution	458	(4)
Ming--Qing Foreign Relations	462	(3)
Ming--Qing Culture	465	(1)
Japan	465	(1)
Warring States Era (1467--1600)	466	(2)
War of All Against All	466	(1)
Foot Soldier Revolution	466	(1)
Foreign Relations and Trade	467	(1)
Tokugawa Era (1600--1868)	468	(8)
Political Engineering and Economic Growth During the 17th Century	468	(2)
18th and Early 19th Centuries	470	(3)
Tokugawa Culture	473	(3)
Korea and Vietnam	476	(1)
Korea	476	(2)
Early History	476	(1)
The Choson Era: Late Traditional Korea	477	(1)
Vietnam	478	(4)
Early Vietnam	478	(1)
The Second Millennium: Politics and Society	479	(2)
Southeast Asia	481	(1)
Summary	482	(1)
Review Questions	482	(1)
Key Terms	483	(1)
State Building and Society in Early Modern Europe	484	(30)
European Political Consolidation	486	(8)
Two Models of European Political Development	486	(1)
Toward Parliamentary Government in England	486	(1)
The ``Glorious Revolution''	487	(1)
Rise of Absolute Monarchy in France: The World of Louis XIV	488	(1)
Years of Personal Rule	488	(1)
Russia Enters the European Political Arena	489	(1)
Birth of the Romanov Dynasty	489	(1)
Peter the Great	489	(3)
The Habsburg Empire and the Pragmatic Sanction	492	(1)
The Rise of Prussia	493	(1)
European Warfare: From Continental to World Conflict	494	(4)
The Wars of Louis XIV	494	(1)
The 18th-Century Colonial Arena	494	(1)
War of Jenkins's Ear	495	(1)
The War of the Austrian Succession (1740--1748)	496	(1)
The Seven Years' War (1756--1763)	496	(2)
The Old Regime	498	(3)
Maintenance of Tradition	498	(1)
Hierarchy and Privilege	498	(1)
Aristocracy	498	(1)
The Land and its Tillers	499	(1)
Peasants and Serfs	499	(2)
Family Structures and the Family Economy	501	(1)
The Family Economy	501	(1)
Women and the Family Economy	502	(1)
The Revolution in Agriculture	502	(3)
Population Expansion	505	(1)
The 18th-Century Industrial Revolution	505	(3)
An Event in World History	505	(1)
Industrial Leadership of Great Britain	506	(2)
European Cities	508	(1)
Patterns of Preindustrial Urbanization	508	(1)
Urban Classes	509	(1)
The Jewish Population: Age of the Ghetto	509	(1)
Summary	510	(2)
Review Questions	512	(1)
Key Terms	513	(1)
The Last Great Islamic Empires 1500--1800	514	(20)
Islamic Empires	516	(1)
The Ottoman Empire	516	(5)
Origins and Development of the Ottoman State before 1600	516	(1)
The ``Classical'' Ottoman Order	516	(2)
After Suleyman: Challenges and Change	518	(2)
The Decline of Ottoman Military and Political Power	520	(1)
The Safavid Shi'ite Empire	521	(2)
Origins	521	(1)
Shah Abbas I	521	(1)
Safavid Decline	522	(1)
Culture and Learning	522	(1)
The Mughals	523	(3)
Origins	523	(1)
Akbar's Reign	523	(1)
The Last Great Mughals	524	(1)
Sikhs and Marathas	524	(1)
Political Decline	524	(1)
Religious Developments	525	(1)
Islamic Asia	526	(1)
Central Asia: Islamization and Isolation	526	(1)
Uzbeks and Chaghatays	526	(1)
Consequences of the Shi'ite Rift	527	(1)
Power Shifts in the Southern Seas	527	(2)
Southern-Seas Trade	527	(1)
Control of the Southern Seas	528	(1)
The Indies: Acheh	528	(1)
Summary	529	(1)
Review Questions	530	(7)
Key Terms	537
Visualizing The Past
The ``Other'' in the Early Modern Period	532	(2)
PART 5 ENLIGHTENMENT AND REVOLUTION IN THE WEST	534	(82)
The Age of European Enlightenment	536	(20)
The Scientific Revolution	538	(4)
Nicolaus Copernicus Rejects an Earth-Centered Universe	538	(1)
Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler	539	(1)
Galileo Galilei	539	(1)
Francis Bacon: Empirical Method	539	(1)
Isaac Newton Discovers the Laws of Gravitation	540	(1)
Women in the World of the Scientific Revolution	540	(1)
John Locke	541	(1)
The Enlightenment	542	(1)
Voltaire	542	(1)
The Encyclopedia	543	(1)
The Enlightenment and Religion	543	(2)
Deism	543	(1)
Toleration	544	(1)
Islam in Enlightenment Thought	544	(1)
The Enlightenment and Society	545	(5)
Montesquieu and The Spirit of the Laws	545	(1)
Adam Smith on Economic Growth and Social Progress	546	(1)
Rousseau	546	(1)
Enlightened Critics of European Empire	547	(1)
Women in the Thought and Practice of the Enlightenment	548	(2)
Enlightened Absolutism	550	(4)
Joseph II of Austria	550	(1)
Catherine the Great of Russia	551	(2)
The Partition of Poland	553	(1)
Summary	554	(1)
Review Questions	554	(1)
Key Terms	555	(1)
Revolutions in the Transatlantic World	556	(26)
Revolution in the British Colonies in North America	558	(3)
Resistance to the Imperial Search for Revenue	558	(1)
American Political Ideas	558	(1)
Crisis and Independence	558	(3)
Revolution in France	561	(14)
Revolutions of 1789	561	(2)
Reconstruction of France	563	(2)
A Second Revolution	565	(1)
The Reign of Terror and Its Aftermath	566	(3)
The Napoleonic Era	569	(3)
The Congress of Vienna and The European Settlement	572	(3)
Wars of Independence in Latin America	575	(3)
18th-Century Developments	575	(1)
First Movements Toward Independence	575	(1)
San Martin in Rio de la Plata	576	(1)
Simon Bolivar's Liberation of Venezuela	576	(1)
Independence in New Spain	576	(2)
Brazilian Independence	578	(1)
Toward the Abolition of Slavery in the Transatlantic Economy	578	(2)
Summary	580	(1)
Review Questions	581	(1)
Key Terms	581	(1)
Political Consolidation in Nineteenth-Century Europe and North America, 1815--1880	582	(34)
The Emergence of Nationalism in Europe	584	(1)
Creating Nations	584	(1)
Meaning of Nationhood	585	(1)
Regions of Nationalistic Pressure in Europe	585	(1)
Early 19th-Century Political Liberalism	585	(2)
Politics	585	(1)
Economics	586	(1)
Relationship of Nationalism and Liberalism	586	(1)
Liberalism and Nationalism in Modern World History	586	(1)
Efforts to Liberalize Early 19th-Century European Political Structures	587	(7)
Russia: The Decembrist Revolt of 1825 and the Autocracy of Nicholas I	587	(1)
Revolution in France (1830)	588	(1)
The Great Reform Bill in Britain (1832)	589	(3)
1848: Year of Revolutions in Europe	592	(2)
Testing the New American Republic	594	(5)
Toward Sectional Conflict	594	(3)
The Abolitionist Movement	597	(2)
The Canadian Experience	599	(2)
Road to Self-Government	600	(1)
Keeping a Distinctive Culture	600	(1)
Mid-Century Political Consolidation in Europe	601	(6)
The Crimean War	601	(1)
Italian Unification	602	(2)
German Unification	604	(1)
The Franco-Prussian War and The German Empire	605	(2)
Unrest of Nationalities in Eastern Europe	607	(2)
Racial Theory and Anti-Semitism	609	(2)
Anti-Semitism and the Birth of Zionism	610	(1)
Summary	611	(1)
Review Questions	612	(1)
Key Terms	613	(1)
Visualizing The Past
Imagining Women in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries	614	(2)
PART 6 INTO THE MODERN WORLD	616	(110)
Northern Transatlantic Economy and Society, 1815--1914	618	(34)
European Factory Workers and Urban Artisans	620	(3)
19th-Century European Women	623	(8)
Women in the Early Industrial Revolution	623	(2)
Social Disabilities Confronted by All Women	625	(2)
New Employment Patterns for Women	627	(1)
Late 19th-Century Working-Class Women	628	(1)
The Rise of Political Feminism	629	(2)
Jewish Emancipation	631	(1)
Early Steps to Equal Citizenship	631	(1)
Broadened Opportunities	632	(1)
European Labor, Socialism, and Politics to World War I	632	(8)
The Working Classes in the Late 19th Century	632	(1)
Marxist Critique of the Industrial Order	633	(2)
Germany: Social Democrats and Revisionism	635	(1)
Great Britain: The Labour Party and Fabianism	636	(1)
Russia: Industrial Development and the Birth of Bolshevism	637	(2)
European Socialism in World History	639	(1)
North America and the New Industrial Economy	640	(6)
European Immigration to the United States	640	(2)
Unions: Organization of Labor	642	(1)
The Progressives	643	(1)
Social Reform	644	(1)
The Progressive Presidency	644	(2)
The Emergence of Modern European Thought	646	(4)
Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection	646	(1)
The Revolution in Physics	647	(1)
Friedrich Nietzsche and the Revolt Against Reason	647	(2)
The Birth of Psychoanalysis	649	(1)
Islam and Late 19th-Century European Thought	650	(1)
Summary	650	(1)
Review Questions	651	(1)
Key Terms	651	(1)
Latin America from Independence to the 1940s	652	(20)
Independence Without Revolution	654	(3)
Immediate Consequences of Latin American Independence	654	(1)
Absence of Social Change	654	(2)
Control of the Land	656	(1)
Submissive Political Philosophies	656	(1)
Economy of Dependence	657	(2)
New Exploitation of Resources	658	(1)
Increased Foreign Ownership and Influence	658	(1)
Economic Crises and New Directions	659	(1)
Search for Political Stability	659	(1)
Three National Histories	660	(9)
Argentina	660	(2)
Mexico	662	(4)
Brazil	666	(3)
Summary	669	(1)
Review Questions	670	(1)
Key Terms	671	(1)
India, the Islamic Heartlands, and Africa: The Challenge of Modernity (1800--1945)	672	(24)
The Indian Experience	674	(1)
British Dominance and Colonial Rule	674	(3)
Building the Empire: The First Half of the 19th Century	674	(1)
British--Indian Relations	675	(2)
From the Raj to Independence	677	(2)
The Burden of Crown Rule	677	(1)
Indian Resistance	677	(1)
Hindu-Muslim Friction on the Road to Independence	678	(1)
The Islamic Experience	679	(1)
Islamic Responses to Declining Power and Independence	679	(1)
Western Political and Economic, Encroachment	680	(1)
The Western Impact	680	(1)
Islamic Responses to Foreign Encroachment	681	(2)
Emulation of the West	681	(1)
Integration of Western and Islamic Ideas	682	(1)
Women and Reform in the Middle East	682	(1)
Purification and Revival of Islam	683	(1)
Nationalism	683	(1)
The African Experience	683	(1)
New States and Power Centers	684	(1)
Southern Africa	684	(1)
East and Central Africa	684	(1)
West Africa	684	(1)
Islamic Reform Movements	685	(1)
Increasing European Involvement	685	(7)
Exploration	686	(2)
Christian Missions	688	(1)
The Colonial ``Scramble for Africa''	688	(4)
African Resistance to Colonialism: The Rise of Nationalism	692	(1)
Summary	692	(1)
Review Questions	693	(1)
Key Terms	693	(1)
Religions of the World
Islam	694	(2)
Modern East Asia	696	(30)
Modern China (1839--1949)	698	(1)
Close of Manchu Rule	698	(4)
The Opium War	698	(1)
Rebellions Against the Manchu	699	(1)
Self-Strengthening and Decline (1874--1895)	700	(1)
The Borderlands: The Northwest, Vietnam, and Korea	701	(1)
From Dynasty to Warlordism (1895--1926)	702	(1)
Cultural and Ideological Ferment: The May Fourth Movement	703	(1)
Nationalist China	704	(3)
Guomindang Unification of China and the Nanjing Decade (1927--1937)	704	(2)
War and Revolution (1937--1949)	706	(1)
Modern Japan (1853--1945)	707	(1)
Overthrow of the Tokugawa Bakufu (1853--1868)	707	(3)
Building the Meiji State (1868--1890)	710	(2)
Centralization of Power	710	(1)
Political Parties	710	(1)
The Constitution	711	(1)
Growth of a Modern Economy	712	(2)
First Phase: Model Industries	712	(1)
Second Phase: 1880s--1890s	713	(1)
Third Phase: 1905--1929	713	(1)
Fourth Phase: Depression and Recovery	713	(1)
The Politics of Imperial Japan (1890--1945)	714	(7)
From Confrontation to the Founding of the Seiyukai (1890--1900)	714	(1)
The Golden Years of Meiji	714	(2)
Rise of the Parties to Power	716	(2)
Militarism and War (1927--1945)	718	(3)
Japanese Militarism and German Nazism	721	(1)
Summary	722	(1)
Review Questions	723	(1)
Key Terms	723	(1)
Visualizing The Past
Industrialization	724	(2)
PART 7 GLOBAL CONFLICT AND CHANGE	726
Imperialism and World War I	728	(22)
Expansion of European Power and the ``New Imperialism''	730	(3)
The New Imperialism	730	(1)
Motives for the New Imperialism: Economic Interpretation	730	(2)
Cultural, Religious, and Social Interpretations	732	(1)
Strategic and Political Interpretations: The Scramble for Africa	732	(1)
The Irrational Element	732	(1)
Emergence of the German Empire	733	(3)
Formation of the Triple Alliance (1873--1890)	733	(1)
Bismarck's Leadership (1873--1890)	733	(2)
Forging the Triple Entente (1890--1907)	735	(1)
World War I	736	(6)
The Road to War (1908--1914)	736	(2)
Sarajevo and the Outbreak of War (June--August 1914)	738	(1)
Strategies and Stalemate (1914--1917)	739	(3)
The Russian Revolution	742	(1)
End of World War I	743	(5)
Military Resolution	743	(1)
Settlement at Paris	744	(4)
Evaluation of the Peace	748	(1)
Summary	748	(1)
Review Questions	748	(1)
Key Terms	749	(1)
Depression, European Dictators, and the American New Deal	750	(22)
After Versailles: Demands for Revision and Enforcement	752	(1)
Toward the Great Depression in Europe	752	(2)
Financial Tailspin	752	(1)
Problems in Agricultural Commodities	753	(1)
Depression and Government Policy	753	(1)
The Soviet Experiment	754	(3)
War Communism	754	(1)
The New Economic Policy	754	(1)
Stalin versus Trotsky	755	(1)
Decision for Rapid Industrialization	755	(1)
The Purges	756	(1)
The Fascist Experiment in Italy	757	(2)
Rise of Mussolini	757	(1)
The Fascists in Power	758	(1)
German Democracy and Dictatorship	759	(8)
The Weimar Republic	759	(3)
Depression and Political Deadlock	762	(1)
Hitler Comes to Power	763	(1)
Hitler's Consolidation of Power	764	(1)
The Police State	764	(1)
Women in Nazi Germany	765	(2)
The Great Depression and the New Deal in the United States	767	(3)
Economic Collapse	768	(1)
New Role for Government	768	(2)
Summary	770	(1)
Review Questions	771	(1)
Key Terms	771	(1)
World War II	772	(22)
Again the Road to War (1933--1939)	774	(4)
Hitler's Goals	774	(1)
Destruction of Versailles	774	(1)
Italy Attacks Ethiopia	775	(1)
Remilitarization of the Rhineland	776	(1)
The Spanish Civil War	776	(1)
Austria and Czechoslovakia	776	(1)
Munich	777	(1)
The Nazi-Soviet Pact	778	(1)
World War II (1939--1945)	778	(9)
German Conquest of Europe	778	(1)
Battle of Britain	779	(1)
German Attack on Russia	779	(1)
Hitler's Europe	780	(1)
Racism and the Holocaust	780	(1)
The Road to Pearl Harbor	781	(1)
America's Entry into the War	781	(1)
The Tide Turns	782	(3)
Defeat of Nazi Germany	785	(1)
Fall of the Japanese Empire	786	(1)
The Cost of War	787	(1)
The Domestic Fronts	787	(4)
Germany: From Apparent Victory to Defeat	787	(1)
France: Defeat, Collaboration and Resistance	788	(1)
Great Britain: Organization for Victory	789	(1)
The United States: American Women and African Americans in the War Effort	790	(1)
The Soviet Union: ``The Great Patriotic War''	790	(1)
Preparations for Peace	791	(1)
The Atlantic Charter	791	(1)
Tehran	791	(1)
Yalta	792	(1)
Potsdam	792	(1)
Summary	792	(1)
Review Questions	793	(1)
Key Terms	793	(1)
The West Since World War II	794	(24)
The Cold War Era	796	(5)
Initial Causes	796	(1)
Areas of Early Cold War Conflict	797	(1)
NATO and the Warsaw Pact	798	(1)
Crises of 1956	798	(1)
The Cold War Intensified	799	(1)
Detente and Afterward	800	(1)
European Society in the Second Half of the 20th Century and Beyond	801	(4)
Toward Western European Unification	801	(1)
Students and Popular Music	802	(1)
The Movement of Peoples	802	(1)
The New Muslim Population	803	(1)
New Patterns in the Work and Expectations of Women	803	(2)
American Domestic Scene Since World War II	805	(3)
Truman and Eisenhower Administrations	806	(1)
Civil Rights	806	(1)
New Social Programs	806	(1)
The Vietnam War and Domestic Turmoil	807	(1)
The Watergate Scandal	807	(1)
The Triumph of Political Conservatism	807	(1)
The Soviet Union to 1989	808	(2)
The Khrushchev Years	809	(1)
Brezhnev	809	(1)
Communism and Solidarity in Poland	809	(1)
Gorbachev Attempts to Redirect the Soviet Union	810	(1)
1989: Year of Revolutions in Eastern Europe	810	(2)
Solidarity Reemerges in Poland	811	(1)
Hungary Moves Toward Independence	811	(1)
The Breach of the Berlin Wall and German Reunification	811	(1)
The Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia	811	(1)
Violent Revolution in Romania	812	(1)
The Collapse of the Soviet Union	812	(2)
Renunciation of Communist Political Monopoly	812	(1)
The August 1991 Coup	813	(1)
The Yeltsin Years	814	(1)
The Collapse of Yugoslavia and Civil War	814	(1)
Challenges to the Atlantic Alliance	815	(1)
Summary	816	(1)
Review Questions	817	(1)
Key Terms	817	(1)
East Asia, The Recent Decades	818	(18)
Japan	820	(4)
The Occupation	820	(2)
Parliamentary Politics	822	(1)
Economic Growth	822	(1)
Society and Culture	823	(1)
Japan and the World	824	(1)
China	824	(4)
Soviet Period (1950--1960)	824	(1)
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (1965--1976)	825	(1)
China After Mao	826	(2)
Taiwan	828	(2)
Korea	830	(2)
Korea as a Japanese Colony	830	(1)
North and South	830	(1)
Civil War and U.S. Involvement	831	(1)
Recent Developments	831	(1)
Vietnam	832	(2)
The Colonial Backdrop	832	(1)
The Anticolonial War	833	(1)
The Vietnam War	833	(1)
War with Cambodia	833	(1)
Recent Developments	834	(1)
Summary	834	(1)
Review Questions	835	(1)
Key Terms	835	(1)
Postcolonialism and Beyond: Latin America, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East	836
Beyond the Postcolonial Era	838	(1)
Latin America Since 1945	838	(7)
Revolutionary Challenges	840	(2)
Pursuit of Stability Under Threat of Revolution	842	(2)
Continuity and Change in Recent Latin American History	844	(1)
Postcolonial Africa	845	(4)
The Transition to Independence	845	(4)
The African Future	849	(1)
Central, South, and Southeast Asia --- The Islamic Heartland	849	(4)
Turkey	849	(1)
Iran and its Islamic Revolution	850	(1)
Afghanistan and the Former Soviet Republics	851	(1)
India	851	(1)
Pakistan and Bangladesh	852	(1)
Indonesia and Malaysia	853	(1)
The Postcolonial Middle East	853	(7)
New Nations in the Middle East	853	(1)
The Arab-Israeli Conflict	854	(2)
Middle Eastern Oil	856	(1)
The Rise of Political Islamism	857	(1)
Iraq and U.S. Intervention	858	(2)
Summary	860	(1)
Review Questions	860	(1)
Key Terms	861	(1)
Visualizing The Past
Imperialism and Race in Modern Art	862
Glossary	1	(1)
Suggested Readings	1	(1)
Credits	1	(1)
Index	1	(1)
World History Documents CD-ROM	1