High-Yield™ Embryology

by Dudek, Ronald W.

• ISBN13: 9781605473161
• ISBN10: 1605473162
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2009-10-02
• Publisher: LWW

Summary

This series extracts the most important information on each topic and presents it in a concise, uncluttered fashion to prepare students for the USMLE. High-Yield means exactly that!

Table of Contents

Preface	p. vii
Prefertilization Events	p. 1
Gametes (Oocytes and Spermatozoa)	p. 1
Meiosis	p. 1
Female Gametogenesis (Oogenesis)	p. 1
Hormonal Control of the Female Reproductive Cycle	p. 3
Male Gametogenesis (Spermatogenesis)	p. 4
Clinical Considerations	p. 4
Week 1 (Days 1-7)	p. 7
Overview	p. 7
Fertilization	p. 7
Cleavage	p. 7
Blastocyst Formation	p. 8
Implantation	p. 8
Clinical Considerations	p. 9
Week 2 (Days 8-14)	p. 12
Embryoblast	p. 12
Trophoblast	p. 12
Extraembryonic Mesoderm	p. 12
Clinical Considerations	p. 13
Embryonic Period (Weeks 3-8)	p. 17
Introduction	p. 17
Gastrulation	p. 17
Clinical Considerations	p. 17
Placenta, Amniotic Fluid, and Umbilical Cord	p. 22
Placenta	p. 22
The Placenta as an Endocrine Organ	p. 23
The Placental Membrane	p. 24
Amniotic Fluid	p. 26
Umbilical Cord	p. 27
Vasculogenesis	p. 27
Hematopoiesis	p. 28
Fetal Circulation	p. 29
Cardiovascular System	p. 32
Formation of Heart Tube	p. 32
Primitive Heart Tube Dilatations	p. 32
The Aorticopulmonary (AP) Septum	p. 33
The Atrial Septum	p. 35
The Atrioventricular (AV) Septum	p. 37
The Interventricular (IV) Septum	p. 39
Development of the Arterial System	p. 40
Development of the Venous System	p. 40
Digestive System	p. 43
Primitive Gut Tube	p. 43
Foregut Derivatives	p. 44
Midgut Derivatives	p. 49
Hindgut Derivatives	p. 52
The Anal Canal	p. 54
Mesenteries	p. 55
Urinary System	p. 58
Overview	p. 58
The Pronephros	p. 58
The Mesonephros	p. 58
The Metanephros	p. 58
Development of the Metanephros	p. 59
Relative Ascent of the Kidneys	p. 61
Blood Supply of the Kidneys	p. 61
Development of the Urinary Bladder	p. 61
Clinical Considerations	p. 61
Female Reproductive System	p. 66
The Indifferent Embryo	p. 66
Development of the Gonads	p. 66
Development of Genital Ducts	p. 67
Development of the Primordia of External Genitalia	p. 67
Clinical Considerations	p. 70
Male Reproductive System	p. 73
The Indifferent Embryo	p. 73
Development of the Gonads	p. 73
Development of the Genital Ducts	p. 74
Development of the Primordia of External Genitalia	p. 74
Clinical Considerations	p. 76
Summary Table of Female and Male Reproductive Systems Development	p. 81
Respiratory System	p. 83
Upper Respiratory System	p. 83
Lower Respiratory System	p. 83
Development of the Trachea	p. 83
Development of the Bronchi	p. 85
Development of the Lungs	p. 86
Head and Neck	p. 90
Pharyngeal Apparatus	p. 90
Development of the Thyroid Gland	p. 90
Development of the Tongue	p. 93
Development of the Face	p. 94
Development of the Palate	p. 94
Clinical Considerations	p. 95
Nervous System	p. 100
Development of the Neural Tube	p. 100
Neural Crest Cells	p. 100
Vesicle Development of the Neural Tube	p. 102
Development of the Spinal Cord	p. 104
Development of the Hypophysis (Pituitary Gland)	p. 105
Congenital Malformations of the Central Nervous System	p. 106
Ear	p. 111
Overview	p. 111
The Internal Ear	p. 111
The Membranous and Bony Labyrinths	p. 113
The Middle Ear	p. 113
The External Ear	p. 113
Congenital Malformations of the Ear	p. 114
Eye	p. 117
Development of the Optic Vesicle	p. 117
Development of Other Eye Structures	p. 119
Congenital Malformations of the Eye	p. 120
Body Cavities	p. 124
Formation of the Intraembryonic Coelom	p. 124
Partitioning of the Intraembryonic Coelom	p. 124
Positional Changes of the Diaphragm	p. 125
Clinical Considerations	p. 126
Pregnancy	p. 128
Endocrinology of Pregnancy	p. 128
Pregnancy Dating	p. 129
Pregnancy Milestones	p. 130
Prenatal Diagnostic Procedures	p. 131
Fetal Distress During Labor (Intrapartum)	p. 132
The Apgar Score	p. 132
Puerperium	p. 133
Lactation	p. 133
Teratology	p. 134
Introduction	p. 134
Infectious Agents	p. 134
TORCH Infections	p. 137
Category X Drugs (Absolute Contraindication in Pregnancy)	p. 137
Category D Drugs (Definite Evidence of Risk to Fetus)	p. 138
Chemical Agents	p. 139
Recreational Drugs	p. 140
Ionizing Radiation	p. 140
Selected Photographs	p. 140
Credits	p. 142
Index	p. 147
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