This new volume from a leading group of international authors and contributors provides a nuanced exploration of the history of Chinese economic thought. Opening with an introduction that sets the chapters in context for Western readership, the contributors cover such key issues as research methodology at the founding stage of the discipline, the significance of Chinese economic thought in a wider context, including the relationship between ancient Chinese economic thought and Western thought, and key strands of thought, such as Confucian and Taoist economic philosophies. The book also pinpoints ways in which ancient Chinese thinkers paved the way for later western economists, such as in their discussion of theories of the division of labour. The volume makes clear the integral role played by Chinese economic thought in the history of international economic thought, considers the challenges that are likely to be faced in future research, and suggests lessons that can be taken from ancient Chinese thinkers when considering current economic problems.