History of Psychology, A: Ideas and Context

by King, D Brett; Viney, Wayne; Woody, W Douglas

• ISBN13: 9780205335824
• ISBN10: 0205335829
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

A History of Psychology: Ideas and Context, Third Edition, is a comprehensive history of psychology tracing psychological thought from ancient times through late twentieth-century developments.The reader is presented with a framework for interpreting the pedagogy of philosophy through the development of historiography and philosophical problems in the opening chapters. The book gives in-depth coverage to the intellectual trends that preceded the formal founding of psychology, coupled with an analysis of the major classical systems of thought and the key developments in the history of basic and applied psychology. The final epilogue focuses on the major trends in psychology in the latter half of the twentieth century.Designed for anyone interested in the history of psychology, systems of psychology or systematic psychology.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Historical Studies: Some Issues	1	(12)
Why Study History?	1	(2)
History as a Key to Understanding the Future	1	(1)
History as a Way to Enrich the Present	1	(1)
History as a Contribution to Liberal Education	2	(1)
History Teaches Humility	2	(1)
History Teaches a Healthy Skepticism	2	(1)
History Influences Human Thought Processes	3	(1)
Some Problems in Historiography	3	(7)
The Development of Historical Consciousness	3	(1)
What Is History?	4	(1)
Can History Be Objective?	4	(2)
Presentism versus Historicism	6	(1)
Is There a Pattern or Direction in History?	7	(2)
What Makes History?	9	(1)
The History of the History of Psychology	10	(2)
Internal and External History	12	(1)
Review Questions	12	(1)
Philosophical Issues	13	(23)
Epistemology	13	(11)
A Priori and A Posteriori Knowledge	13	(1)
Nativism versus Empiricism	14	(1)
Instinct versus Learning	14	(1)
What Are the Criteria by Which We Claim to Know the Truth?	15	(3)
Other Epistemologies	18	(1)
The Role of Emotions in Knowledge	18	(1)
Science and Epistemology	19	(5)
Relevance of Epistemology to Psychology	24	(1)
The Problem of Causality	24	(2)
Free Will and Determinism	26	(3)
The Mind-Body Problem	29	(5)
Monism	29	(1)
Dualism	30	(2)
Pluralism	32	(1)
Psychogeny	33	(1)
Review Questions	34	(2)
Ancient Psychological Thought	36	(26)
Early Chinese Psychologies	36	(1)
Babylonia	37	(1)
Egypt	38	(1)
Other Ancient Eastern Psychologies	38	(1)
The Hebrews	39	(1)
Persia	40	(1)
Greece	40	(21)
The Cosmologists	41	(5)
Early Greek Concepts of Illness	46	(2)
Relativism	48	(1)
The Golden Age of Greece	49	(11)
Psychological Thought Following Aristotle	60	(1)
Review Questions	61	(1)
The Roman Period and the Middle Ages	62	(25)
Roman Medicine	63	(1)
Galen	63	(1)
Roman Philosophy	64	(5)
Stoicism	65	(1)
Epicureanism	66	(1)
Neo-Platonism	67	(2)
Skepticism	69	(1)
The Fall of Rome	69	(1)
The Early Christian Faith	70	(1)
The Medieval Period	70	(16)
Aurelius Augustine	72	(3)
Boethius	75	(1)
Islam	75	(3)
Judaism in the Middle Ages	78	(1)
The Rise of the European Universities	79	(6)
Closing Comment	85	(1)
Review Questions	86	(1)
The Renaissance	87	(21)
Effect of the Plague	87	(1)
Expanding Geographic Knowledge	88	(1)
Influence of the Greek Classics	89	(1)
Diffusion of Authority	89	(1)
Growth of Empirical Studies	90	(1)
Quantification	90	(1)
Changing Visions of the World	91	(3)
The Heliocentric Theory	92	(1)
Galileo Galilei	92	(2)
The Larger Meaning of the Copernican Revolution	94	(1)
Psychological Thought in the Renaissance	94	(13)
Petrarch	95	(1)
Niccolo Machiavelli	95	(2)
Juan Luis Vives	97	(2)
Leonardo da Vinci	99	(1)
Paracelsus	100	(1)
Julius Caesar Scaliger	101	(1)
Michel de Montaigne	102	(3)
Oliva Sabuco	105	(1)
Juan Huarte	106	(1)
Review Questions	107	(1)
Empiricism, Associationism, and Utilitarianism	108	(25)
Empiricism	108	(14)
Francis Bacon	108	(4)
John Locke	112	(4)
George Berkeley	116	(3)
David Hume	119	(3)
Empiricism on the Continent	122	(2)
Etienne Bonnot de Condillac	123	(1)
Claude-Adrien Helvetius	124	(1)
Associationism and Utilitarianism	124	(8)
David Hartley	124	(1)
Jeremy Bentham	125	(1)
Mary Wollstonecraft	126	(2)
James Mill	128	(1)
John Stuart Mill	129	(3)
Review Questions	132	(1)
Rationalism	133	(16)
Emphasis on A Priori Knowledge	133	(1)
Theory of the Active Mind	133	(1)
Deduction versus Induction	133	(1)
Rene Descartes	134	(3)
Descartes's Method	136	(1)
Baruch Spinoza	137	(3)
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz	140	(3)
Monadology	141	(1)
Christian von Wolff	142	(1)
Immanuel Kant	143	(2)
Sense Experience and Reason	144	(1)
Social Psychology	144	(1)
Johann Friedrich Herbart	145	(1)
Thomas Reid and Commonsense Philosophy	146	(1)
Enfranchising Curiosity	147	(1)
Review Questions	148	(1)
Mechanization and Quantification	149	(22)
Thomas Hobbes	149	(3)
Rene Descartes Revisited	152	(2)
Jan Swammerdam	154	(1)
Neils Stensen	155	(1)
Stephen Hales	156	(1)
Robert Whytt	156	(1)
Johann August Unzer	157	(1)
Julien Offray de La Metrie	158	(1)
Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis	158	(1)
Mapping the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems	159	(11)
Localization of Function	159	(5)
Extending the Powers of Observation	164	(1)
Speed of a Nervous Impulse	165	(1)
Measuring Behavior	166	(3)
Applications of the New Measurement Techniques	169	(1)
Review Questions	170	(1)
Naturalism and Humanitarian Reform	171	(32)
Evolutionary Theory	171	(8)
Evolution of the Solar System	171	(1)
Geological Evolution	172	(1)
Evolution in Other Arenas of Intellectual Discourse	173	(1)
Organic Evolution	173	(3)
Charles Darwin	176	(3)
Significance of Evolutionary Theory for Psychology	179	(4)
Comparative Psychology	180	(1)
Developmental Psychology	181	(1)
Emphasis on Adaptation	182	(1)
Individual Differences	182	(1)
Herbert Spencer	183	(1)
Naturalistic Approaches to Emotional Disorders	183	(5)
Demonology	184	(1)
The Witches' Hammer	184	(3)
The Demise of Witchcraft	187	(1)
Humanitarian Reform	188	(13)
Reform in the Treatment of Emotional Disorders	188	(7)
Reform in Other Places	195	(1)
Reform Becomes a Social Movement: Dorothea Dix	195	(3)
Reform in the Care and Treatment of Mental Deficiency	198	(1)
Women's Reform Movements	199	(2)
Review Questions	201	(2)
Psychophysics and the Formal Founding of Psychology	203	(21)
Psychophysics	203	(9)
Ernst Heinrich Weber	204	(1)
Weber's Work on the Sense of Touch	204	(1)
Gustav Theodor Fechner	205	(3)
Rudolph Hermann Lotze	208	(1)
Hermann von Helmholtz	209	(3)
Wilhelm Wundt	212	(11)
General Characteristics of Wundt's Thought	216	(2)
The Laboratory and the Broader Vision	218	(1)
Some Key Concepts in Wundt's System	219	(2)
Wundt's Legacy	221	(1)
The Legacy of Wundt's Students in Applied Psychology	222	(1)
Review Questions	223	(1)
Developments After the Founding	224	(24)
Systems	224	(2)
Edward Bradford Titchener	226	(8)
Titchener's Psychology	228	(6)
Margaret Floy Washburn: A Broader Psychology	234	(1)
Franz Brentano and Act Psychology	235	(3)
Brentano's Psychology	236	(2)
Carl Stumpf	238	(2)
Georg Elias Muller	240	(1)
Oswald Kulpe and the Wurzburg School	241	(2)
Hermann Ebbinghaus	243	(3)
Wundt's Contemporaries and Applied Psychology	246	(1)
Review Questions	246	(2)
Functionalism	248	(30)
William James and Harvard University	248	(10)
General Characteristics of James's Thought	251	(3)
Jamesian Psychology	254	(4)
James's Legacy	258	(1)
Hugo Munsterberg	258	(2)
Munsterberg's Psychology	259	(1)
G. Stanley Hall and Clark University	260	(4)
Hall's Psychology	262	(2)
Functionalism and the University of Chicago	264	(4)
John Dewey	264	(1)
James Rowland Angell	265	(2)
Harvey A. Carr	267	(1)
Psychology at Columbia University	268	(4)
James McKeen Cattell	268	(2)
Robert Sessions Woodworth	270	(2)
Mary Whiton Calkins	272	(1)
The Growth of Applied Psychology	273	(3)
Leta Stetter Hollingworth	273	(1)
Helen Wooley	274	(1)
Binet and Intelligence Testing	274	(1)
Walter Dill Scott	275	(1)
Influence of Functionalism: An Evaluation	276	(1)
Review Questions	277	(1)
Behaviorism	278	(23)
Antecedents of Behaviorism	278	(12)
Ivan Mikhailovich Sechenov	279	(1)
Ivan Pavlov	280	(6)
Other Russian Psychologies	286	(1)
Edward Lee Thorndike	287	(3)
Formal Founding of American Behaviorism	290	(9)
John B. Watson	290	(9)
Behaviorism and Applied Psychology	299	(1)
Review Questions	299	(2)
Other Behavioral Psychologies	301	(27)
Importance of Learning	301	(1)
Importance of Precision and Clarity	301	(2)
Importance of Experimentation	303	(1)
Early Behavioristic Psychologies	303	(7)
Max Frederick Meyer	304	(1)
William McDougall	305	(1)
Edwin Bissell Holt	306	(1)
Albert Paul Weiss	306	(1)
Walter Samuel Hunter	307	(1)
Karl Spencer Lashley	308	(2)
Neobehaviorism	310	(15)
Clark Leonard Hull	310	(3)
Edwin Ray Guthrie	313	(3)
Edward Chace Tolman	316	(3)
Burrhus Frederic Skinner	319	(6)
Further Contributions to Applied Psychology from Neobehaviorism	325	(1)
Review Questions	326	(2)
Gestalt Psychology	328	(25)
Max Wertheimer	328	(1)
Wolfgang Kohler	329	(2)
Kurt Koffka	331	(1)
Intellectual Background of Gestalt Psychology	331	(2)
Philosophy	331	(1)
Science	332	(1)
Psychology	333	(1)
The Fundamentals of Gestalt Psychology	333	(7)
Thinking	334	(1)
Principles of Perceptual Organization	335	(2)
Learning	337	(1)
Insight: A Further Challenge of the S-R Formula	338	(1)
Developmental Concepts	338	(1)
Primitive Phenomena	339	(1)
Gestalt Perspectives on Scientific Method	340	(1)
Mind and Brain	341	(1)
Isomorphism	342	(1)
The Influence of Gestalt Psychology	342	(1)
Kurt Lewin and Field Theory	343	(5)
Lewin's Field Theory	344	(1)
Tension Systems and Recall	345	(1)
Group Dynamics	345	(1)
Lewin's Influence	346	(1)
The Second Generation of Gestalt Psychologists	346	(2)
Some Common Misunderstandings of Gestalt Psychology	348	(1)
Gestalt Psychology and Gestalt Therapy	348	(1)
Gestalt Psychology and Scientific Analysis	348	(1)
Gestalt Psychology and Nativism	348	(1)
The Role of Past Experience	349	(1)
Gestalt Psychology and Applied Psychology	349	(1)
The Continuing Relevance of Gestalt Psychology	350	(1)
Review Questions	351	(2)
Psychoanalysis	353	(30)
Sigmund Freud	353	(4)
General Characteristics of Freud's Thought	356	(1)
Freud's System of Psychology	357	(14)
Life's Major Goal and Its Inevitable Frustration	357	(2)
The Structure of Personality	359	(1)
Motivation and Unconscious Processes	360	(3)
Anxiety	363	(1)
Defense Mechanisms of the Ego	364	(1)
Stages of Psychosexual Development	365	(2)
Psychoanalysis as a Therapeutic Technique	367	(2)
Freud's Social Psychology	369	(1)
Appreciative Overview	370	(1)
Critical Overview	370	(1)
Post-Freudian Analytic Psychologies	371	(1)
Alfred Adler	371	(3)
Adler's System of Psychology	372	(2)
Carl Gustav Jung	374	(4)
Jung's System of Thought	375	(2)
Evaluation	377	(1)
Karen Danielsen Horney	378	(3)
Horney's System of Thought	378	(3)
Other Developments	381	(1)
Review Questions	381	(2)
Humanistic Psychologies	383	(21)
Intellectual Traditions	384	(6)
William James	384	(1)
Existentialism	385	(4)
Phenomenology	389	(1)
The Formal Emergence of Humanistic Psychologies	390	(10)
Abraham Maslow	391	(3)
Gordon Allport	394	(2)
Carl R. Rogers	396	(1)
Viktor Frankl	397	(2)
Joseph R. Rychlak	399	(1)
Overview of Third-Force Psychologies: Major Positions and Criticisms	400	(2)
Review Questions	402	(2)
EPILOGUE: LATE-TWENTIETH-CENTURY DEVELOPMENTS	404	(13)
The Systems of Psychology in Retrospect	404	(3)
Psychoanalysis	404	(1)
Humanistic Psychology	405	(1)
Neobehaviorism and the Psychology of Learning	406	(1)
Cognitive Psychology	407	(7)
Intellectual Traditions	407	(4)
Themes and Content Areas of Cognitive Psychology	411	(1)
Critical Appraisal of Cognitive Psychology	412	(2)
Diversity and Pluralism in Modern Psychology	414	(2)
Review Questions	416	(1)
Glossary	417	(26)
References	443	(35)
Name Index	478	(9)
Subject Index	487