History of Western Art

by Adams

• ISBN13: 9780072317176
• ISBN10: 0072317175
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-08-01
• Publisher: MCG

Summary

Appropriate for one-semester art history surveys or historically-focused art appreciation classes, "A History of Western Art," Revised Fourth Edition, features additional color which provides students with a greater understanding of the works of art. Focusing on the Western canon of art history, the text presents a compelling chronological narrative from prehistory to the present. A non-Western supplement, "World Views: Topics in Non-Western Art," addresses specific areas of non-Western art and augments the Western chronology by illustrating moments of thematic relationships and cross-cultural contact. "World Views" is available at a discount when packaged with "A History of Western Art,"

Table of Contents

Preface	xviii
Why Do We Study the History of Art?	1	(11)
The Artistic Impulse	1	(1)
Chronology	1	(1)
The Values of Art	2	(2)
Material Value	2	(1)
Intrinsic Value	2	(1)
Brancusi's Bird: Manufactured Metal or a Work of Art?	3	(1)
Religious Value	3	(1)
Nationalistic Value	3	(1)
Psychological Value	4	(1)
Art and Illusion	4	(2)
Images and Words	5	(1)
Traditions Equating Artists with Gods	5	(1)
Reflections and Shadows: Legends of How Art Began	5	(1)
Image Magic	6	(1)
Architecture	6	(2)
Archaeology and Art History	8	(1)
Methodologies of Art History	9	(3)
Formalism	9	(1)
Iconography and Iconology	9	(1)
Marxism	9	(1)
Feminism	9	(1)
Biography and Autobiography	10	(1)
Semiology	10	(1)
Deconstruction	11	(1)
Psychoanalysis	11	(1)
The Language of Art	12	(9)
Composition	12	(1)
Plane	12	(1)
Balance	12	(1)
Line	12	(2)
Expressive Qualities of Line	12	(2)
Lines Used for Modeling	14	(1)
Depth	14	(1)
The Illusion of Depth	14	(1)
Perspective	14	(1)
Space	15	(1)
Shape	15	(1)
Types of Shapes	15	(1)
Expressive Qualities of Shape	15	(1)
Light and Color	16	(2)
Physical Properties of Color	16	(1)
Expressive Qualities of Color	17	(1)
Texture	18	(1)
Stylistic Terminology	19	(2)
Prehistoric Western Europe	21	(12)
The Stone Age	21	(1)
Paleolithic	21	(7)
Sculpture	22	(1)
Carving	22	(1)
Modeling	22	(1)
Categories of Sculpture	23	(1)
Pigment	23	(1)
Painting	23	(5)
Beyond the West
Rock Paintings of Australia	28
Mesolithic	27	(1)
Neolithic	27	(6)
Menhirs	27	(1)
Dolmens	28	(1)
Cromlechs	28	(1)
Post-and-Lintel Construction	29	(4)
The Ancient Near East	33	(14)
The Neolithic Era	33	(1)
Jericho	32	(1)
Catal Huyuk	32	(1)
Mesopotamia	33	(7)
The Uruk Period	33	(1)
Inanna	33	(1)
Ziggurats	34	(1)
Mesopotamian Gods	34	(1)
Cylinder Seals	35	(1)
From Pictures to Words	35	(1)
Gilgamesh	35	(1)
Sumer: Early Dynastic Period	36	(1)
Akkad	37	(1)
Sargon of Akkad	38	(1)
Neo-Sumerian	39	(1)
Babylon	40	(1)
The Law Code of Hammurabi	40	(1)
Anatolia: The Hittites	40	(3)
Assyria	41	(1)
The Neo-Babylonian Empire	42	(1)
Glazing	42	(1)
Round Arches	42	(1)
Iran	43	(4)
Destroying the Archaeological Record	44	(1)
The Scythians	44	(1)
Persian (Achaemenid) Empire	44	(1)
Columns	45	(2)
Ancient Egypt	47	(20)
The Gift of the Nile	47	(1)
The Pharaohs	47	(1)
The Egyptian Concept of Kingship	47	(1)
Chronology of Egyptian Kings	47	(1)
The Palette of Narmer	48	(2)
Religion and Egyptian Gods	50	(1)
The Old Kingdom	50	(5)
Pyramids	50	(2)
Mummification	52	(1)
Sculpture	53	(1)
The Egyptian Canon of Proportion	54	(1)
The Middle Kingdom	55	(1)
The New Kingdom	55	(7)
Temples	55	(1)
Egyptian Column Types	56	(3)
Painting	59	(1)
The Amarna Period	60	(2)
Tutankhamon's Tomb	62	(1)
Egypt and Nubia	63	(4)
Tomb of Huy and Ramses II	63	(1)
Meroe	63	(4)
The Aegean	67	(14)
Cycladic Civilization	67	(1)
Minoan Civilization	68	(4)
The Palace of Knossos	68	(1)
Minoan Fresco	69	(2)
Religion	71	(1)
Minoan Scripts	71	(1)
Pottery	71	(1)
Discoveries at Thera	72	(2)
The Frescoes	72	(2)
Mycenaean Civilization	74	(7)
The Legend of Agamemnon	75	(6)
The Art of Ancient Greece	81	(34)
Cultural Identity	82	(1)
Government and Philosophy	82	(1)
Plato on Artists	82	(1)
Women in Ancient Greece	83	(1)
Literature and Drama	83	(1)
``Man Is the Measure of Things''	83	(2)
Greek Gods and Their Roman Counterparts	84	(1)
Painting and Pottery	85	(3)
Geometric Style	85	(1)
Orientalizing Style	85	(1)
Archaic Style	86	(1)
Greek Vases: Media and Shapes	86	(1)
Late Archaic to Classical Style	87	(1)
Classical to Hellenistic Style	87	(1)
Sculpture	88	(6)
Archaic Style	88	(2)
Encaustic: Luminous Painting	90	(1)
Early Classical Style	90	(2)
The Lost-Wax Process	92	(1)
Classical Style	93	(1)
Classical Architecture: The Athenian Acropolis	94	(12)
The Parthenon	95	(2)
Plan of the Parthenon	97	(1)
The Orders of Greek Architecture	98	(5)
Medusa	103	(1)
The Temple of Athena Nike	103	(1)
The Erechtheum	104	(2)
Late Classical Style	106	(4)
The Greek Theater	106	(1)
Greek Theater	106	(1)
Sculpture	107	(1)
The ``Hermes of Praxiteles''	108	(2)
Hellenistic Period	110	(5)
Sculpture	110	(2)
The Trojan Horse	112	(3)
The Art of the Etruscans	115	(8)
Architecture	116	(1)
Pottery and Sculpture	116	(1)
Women in Etruscan Art	117	(1)
Funerary Art	118	(5)
Cinerary Containers	118	(2)
Sarcophagi	120	(1)
Tomb Paintings	121	(2)
Ancient Rome	123	(27)
Virgil's Aeneid	124	(1)
Chronology of Roman Periods	124	(1)
Architectural Types	125	(17)
Arches, Domes, and Vaults	125	(1)
Domestic Architecture	126	(2)
Public Buildings	128	(1)
Julius Caesar	128	(3)
Roman Building Materials	131	(2)
Religious Architecture	133	(4)
Commemorative Architecture	137	(4)
Josephus and the Jewish Wars	141	(1)
Sculptural Types	142	(4)
Sarcophagi	142	(1)
Portraits	143	(1)
Women in Ancient Rome	143	(2)
Marcus Aurelius: Emperor and Philosopher	145	(1)
Mural Painting	146	(4)
Early Christian and Byzantine Art	150	(17)
A New Religion	150	(1)
Constantine and Christianity	150	(1)
The Divergence of East and West	150	(1)
Christianity and Scriptures	151	(1)
Early Christian Art	151	(4)
Sarcophagi	151	(1)
Christian Symbolism	151	(1)
The Catacombs	152	(1)
Basilicas	153	(1)
St. Peter	154	(1)
Centrally Planned Churches	155	(1)
Justinian and the Byzantine Style	155	(9)
San Vitale	155	(4)
Mosaic Technique	159	(2)
Hagia Sophia	161	(3)
The Codex	164	(1)
Parchment	164	(1)
The Vienna Genesis	164	(1)
Later Byzantine Developments	164	(3)
The Early Middle Ages	167	(14)
Islamic Art	167	(4)
Islam	167	(1)
The Great Mosque, Cordoba	168	(3)
Northern European Art	171	(7)
Anglo-Saxon Metalwork	171	(1)
Beowulf	171	(1)
Hiberno-Saxon Art	172	(1)
Manuscript Illumination	172	(3)
Carolingian Period	175	(1)
Manuscripts	175	(1)
Revelation and the Four Symbols of the Evangelists	175	(1)
Monasteries	176	(1)
Monasticism: Chastity, Obedience, and Poverty	177	(1)
Ottonian Period	178	(3)
Romanesque Art	181	(14)
Economic and Political Development	181	(1)
Feudalism	181	(1)
Pilgrimage Roads	182	(2)
The Stavelot Reliquary Triptych	183	(1)
Architecture	184	(5)
Sainte-Foy at Conques	184	(3)
Developments at Autun	187	(2)
Manuscripts	189	(2)
Mural Painting	191	(1)
The Bayeux ``Tapestry''	192	(3)
Gothic Art	195	(23)
Origins of the Gothic Style in France	195	(1)
Early Gothic Architecture: Saint-Denis	196	(1)
The Life of St. Denis	196	(1)
Elements of Gothic Architecture	197	(3)
Rib Vaults	197	(1)
Piers	198	(1)
Flying Buttresses	198	(1)
Pointed Arches	198	(1)
The Skeleton	198	(1)
Guilds	199	(1)
Stained-Glass Windows	199	(1)
Romanesque Precursors of Gothic	200	(1)
The Age of Cathedrals	201	(2)
Chartres	203	(8)
Exterior Architecture of Chartres	203	(2)
Exterior Sculpture of Chartres	205	(4)
Interior of Chartres	209	(2)
Later Developments of the French Gothic Style	211	(4)
Reims	211	(3)
Paris: Reliquary Chapel of Sainte-Chapelle	214	(1)
English Gothic	215	(3)
Salisbury Cathedral	215	(1)
King's College Chapel, Cambridge	216	(2)
Precursors of the Renaissance	218	(19)
Thirteenth-Century Italy	218	(1)
Nicola Pisano	218	(1)
Cimabue	218	(1)
Fourteenth-Century Italy	219	(14)
Giotto	219	(1)
Dante: Poet of Heaven and Hell	220	(2)
Tempera	222	(1)
Altarpieces	222	(1)
The Arena Chapel	222	(2)
Fresco	224	(1)
Virtues and Vices	224	(4)
Duccio's Maesta	228	(1)
The Kiss of Judas	228	(2)
Ambrogio Lorenzetti and the Effects of Good Government	230	(1)
Training in the Master's Workshop	231	(1)
The Black Death	232	(1)
The International Gothic Style	233	(4)
Claus Sluter	233	(1)
The Limbourg Brothers	234	(3)
The Early Renaissance	237	(37)
Italy in the Fifteenth Century	237	(7)
Renaissance Humanism	237	(1)
Humanism	237	(1)
Soldiers of Fortune	238	(1)
The Competition for the Florence Baptistery Doors	238	(1)
Brunelleschi and Architecture	239	(1)
Vasari's Lives	239	(3)
Lines of Vision	242	(1)
Ghiberti's East Baptistery Doors	243	(1)
Early Fifteenth-Century Painting	244	(5)
Masaccio	244	(3)
A Distant Haze	247	(1)
International Style: Gentile da Fabriano	247	(2)
Early Fifteenth-Century Sculpture: Donatello's David	249	(1)
Second-Generation Developments	250	(11)
Leon Battista Alberti	251	(1)
The Theme of David and Goliath	251	(1)
The Equestrian Portrait	252	(2)
State Portraits	254	(1)
Oil Painting	254	(1)
Monumentality versus Spirituality in Fifteenth-Century Painting	255	(2)
Filippo Lippi	257	(1)
Andrea Mantegna's Illusionism	258	(2)
Isabella d' Este	260	(1)
Botticelli and Mythological Subject Matter	260	(1)
The Platonic Academy	261	(1)
Fifteenth-Century Painting in the Netherlands	261	(13)
Campin's Merode Altarpiece	262	(1)
Jan van Eyck	263	(4)
Rogier van der Weyden	267	(3)
Later Developments	270	(4)
The High Renaissance in Italy	274	(28)
Architecture	274	(5)
The Ideal of the Circle and Centrally Planned Churches	274	(3)
St. Peter's and the Central Plan	277	(1)
Julius II: Humanist Pope	278	(1)
Painting and Sculpture	279	(14)
Leonardo da Vinci	279	(3)
Sfumato	282	(1)
Michelangelo Buonarroti	283	(5)
The Restoration Controversy	288	(2)
Raphael	290	(3)
Developments in Venice	293	(9)
Gentile Bellini	293	(1)
Giovanni Bellini and the Sacra Conversazione	294	(1)
Painting versus Sculpture	295	(1)
Giorgione	296	(2)
Titian	298	(4)
Mannerism and the Later Sixteenth Century in Italy	302	(12)
The Reformation	302	(1)
Mannerism	303	(6)
Mannerist Painting	303	(3)
The Counter-Reformation	306	(1)
Mannerist Sculpture	307	(1)
Vasari on Women Artists	307	(1)
Benvenuto Cellini: A Mannerist Lifestyle	308	(1)
Counter-Reformation Painting	309	(2)
Tintoretto	309	(1)
The Painter's Daughter	309	(1)
El Greco	310	(1)
Architecture: Andrea Palladio	311	(3)
The Four Books of Architecture	312	(2)
Sixteenth-Century Painting in Northern Europe	314	(14)
The Netherlands	314	(6)
Hieronymus Bosch	314	(1)
Luther	315	(3)
Pieter Bruegel the Elder	318	(1)
W. H. Auden's Icarus	319	(1)
Germany	320	(8)
Albrecht Durer	320	(1)
The Development of Printmaking	321	(1)
The Myth of the Mad Artist	322	(1)
Erasmus	323	(1)
Matthias Grunewald	324	(2)
Lucas Cranach	326	(1)
Hans Holbein the Younger	326	(2)
The Baroque Style in Western Europe	328	(30)
Baroque Style	328	(1)
Architecture	329	(9)
Italy	329	(5)
France	334	(1)
The French Academy	334	(2)
England	336	(2)
Sculpture: Gianlorenzo Bernini	338	(2)
Italian Baroque Painting	340	(4)
Caravaggio	340	(2)
Artemisia Gentileschi	342	(1)
Women as Artists	342	(1)
Giovanni Battista Gaulli	343	(1)
Baroque Painting in Northern Europe	344	(2)
Peter Paul Rubens	344	(2)
Beyond the West
Mughal Art and the Baroque	346	(8)
Rembrandt van Rijn	347	(1)
Etching	348	(2)
Frans Hals	350	(1)
Judith Leyster	350	(1)
Jan Vermeer	351	(2)
Jacob van Ruisdael	353	(1)
Harmen Steenwyck	354	(1)
Spanish Baroque Painting: Diego Velazquez	354	(2)
French Baroque Painting: Nicolas Poussin	356	(2)
Rococo and the Eighteenth Century	358	(16)
Beyond the West
The Pagoda	359	(1)
Salons and Salonnieres	360	(1)
The Age of Enlightenment	360	(1)
Rococo Painting	361	(5)
Antoine Watteau	361	(1)
Jean-Honore Fragonard	362	(1)
Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun	363	(1)
Prelude to the French Revolution	363	(1)
Thomas Gainsborough	364	(1)
William Hogarth	364	(2)
Rococo Architecture	366	(2)
Balthasar Neumann	366	(1)
Matthaus Daniel Poppelmann	366	(1)
Dominikus Zimmermann	367	(1)
Architectural Revivals	368	(2)
Palladian Style: Lord Burlington and Robert Adam	368	(1)
Gothic Revival: Horace Walpole	368	(2)
Bourgeois Realism: Jean-Baptiste Chardin	370	(1)
Neoclassicism: Angelica Kauffmann	370	(1)
American Painting	371	(3)
John Singleton Copley	371	(1)
Benjamin West	372	(2)
Neoclassicism: The Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries	374	(12)
The Neoclassical Style in France	374	(7)
Jacques-Louis David	374	(1)
Chronology of the French Revolution and the Reign of Napoleon	374	(2)
Napoleon and the Arts	376	(2)
Antonio Canova	378	(1)
Marie-Guillemine Benoist	378	(1)
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres	379	(2)
Developments in America	381	(5)
The American Revolution	381	(1)
Chronology of the American Campaign for Independence	381	(1)
The Architecture of Thomas Jefferson	381	(1)
John Trumbull's Declaration of Independence	382	(2)
Greenough's George Washington	384	(2)
Romanticism: The Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries	386	(15)
Romantic Trends in Architecture	386	(2)
Rousseau and the Return to Nature	387	(1)
Romanticism in Music and Poetry	387	(1)
Sculpture: Francois Rude	388	(1)
Painting	388	(13)
William Blake	388	(1)
Theodore Gericault	389	(1)
The Salon	389	(2)
Eugene Delacroix	391	(2)
Francisco de Goya y Lucientes	393	(1)
Aquatint	394	(1)
Caspar David Friedrich	395	(1)
The Aesthetic of the Sublime	395	(1)
John Constable and Joseph Mallord William Turner	396	(2)
American Romantic Writers	398	(1)
Thomas Cole	399	(1)
Folk Art: Edward Hicks	399	(2)
Nineteenth-Century Realism	401	(20)
Karl Marx and The Communist Manifesto	401	(1)
Realism in Literature	402	(1)
French Realist Painting	403	(6)
Jean-Francois Millet	403	(1)
Rosa Bonheur	404	(1)
Gustave Courbet	404	(2)
Honore Daumier	406	(1)
Lithography	406	(2)
Gargantua	408	(1)
Photography	409	(3)
Photography	409	(1)
France: Nadar	410	(1)
England: Julia Margaret Cameron	411	(1)
America: Mathew Brady	411	(1)
American Realist Painting	412	(1)
Thomas Eakins's Gross Clinic	412	(1)
Henry Ossawa Tanner	413	(1)
French Realism in the 1860s	413	(3)
Edouard Manet's Dejeuner sur I'Herbe	413	(1)
Manet's Olympia	414	(1)
Courbet's Woman with a Parrot	415	(1)
Architecture	416	(5)
Joseph Paxton: The Crystal Palace	416	(1)
Bridges: The Roeblings	417	(1)
The Eiffel Tower	418	(1)
Origins of the Skyscraper: Louis Sullivan	418	(3)
Nineteenth-Century Impressionism	421	(20)
Urban Renewal During the Second Empire	421	(1)
Painting in France	421	(7)
Edouard Manet: 1880s	421	(2)
Pierre-Auguste Renoir	423	(1)
Edgar Degas	424	(2)
Mary Cassatt	426	(1)
Berthe Morisot	427	(1)
Beyond the West
Japanese Woodblock Prints	428	(6)
Claude Monet	430	(2)
Views of Paris: Renoir and Pissarro	432	(2)
French Sculpture: Auguste Rodin	434	(2)
American Painting at the Turn of the Century	436	(1)
Winslow Homer	436	(1)
John Singer Sargent	436	(1)
``Art for Art's Sake''	437	(4)
Post-Impressionism and the Late Nineteenth Century	441	(14)
Post-Impressionist Painting	441	(8)
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec	441	(1)
Paul Cezanne	442	(1)
An Apple a Day ...	443	(1)
Georges Seurat	444	(2)
Vincent van Gogh	446	(2)
Paul Gauguin	448	(1)
Beyond the West
Gauguin and Oceania	449	(2)
Symbolism	451	(1)
Gustave Moreau	451	(1)
The Symbolist Movement	451	(1)
Edvard Munch	452	(1)
Naive Painting: Henri Rousseau	452	(3)
The Mechanisms of Dreaming	453	(2)
The Early Twentieth Century: Picasso, Fauvism, Expressionism, and Matisse	455	(11)
Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse	455	(1)
Symbolism: Picasso's ``Blue Period''	456	(1)
Wallace Stevens: ``The Man with the Blue Guitar''	456	(1)
Beyond the West
African Art and the European Avant-Garde	457	(1)
Fauvism: Matisse from 1902-05	458	(1)
Expressionism	459	(4)
The Bridge (Die Brucke)	459	(1)
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner	459	(1)
Emil Nolde	460	(1)
The Blue Rider (Der Blaue Reiter)	460	(1)
Vassily Kandinsky	460	(2)
Franz Marc	462	(1)
Kathe Kollwitz	462	(1)
Matisse After Fauvism	463	(3)
Cubism, Futurism, and Related Twentieth-Century Styles	466	(20)
Cubism	466	(7)
Precursors	466	(1)
Gertrude Stein	466	(2)
Analytic Cubism: Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque	468	(1)
Collage	469	(1)
Collage and Assemblage	470	(1)
Synthetic Cubism	470	(1)
Picasso's Surrealism	471	(1)
Picasso's Guernica	472	(1)
Other Early Twentieth-Century Developments	473	(7)
Futurism	473	(1)
Fernand Leger's The City	474	(1)
Piet Mondrian	474	(1)
The Armory Show	474	(2)
Stuart Davis	476	(1)
Aaron Douglas and the Harlem Renaissance	477	(1)
Kazimir Malevich: Suprematism	477	(2)
Postscript	479	(1)
Architecture	480	(1)
Frank Lloyd Wright and the Prairie Style	480	(1)
Cantilever	480	(1)
The International Style	481	(5)
Holland: De Stijl	481	(1)
Germany: The Bauhaus	482	(2)
France: Le Corbusier	484	(1)
The United States	484	(2)
Dada, Surrealism, Social Realism, Regionalism, and Abstraction	486	(17)
Dada	486	(2)
Marcel Duchamp	486	(1)
Jean Arp	487	(1)
Surrealism	488	(3)
Man Ray	488	(1)
Paul Klee	489	(1)
Salvador Dali	490	(1)
Joan Miro	490	(1)
Rene Magritte	491	(1)
Sculpture Derived from Surrealism	491	(3)
Max Ernst	491	(1)
Alberto Giacometti	492	(1)
Henry Moore	492	(1)
Alexander Calder	493	(1)
The United States: Regionalism and Social Realism	494	(3)
Grant Wood	494	(1)
Jacob Lawrence	495	(1)
Edward Hopper	495	(1)
James Van Der Zee	496	(1)
Dorothea Lange	496	(1)
Mexico	497	(1)
Diego Rivera	497	(1)
Frida Kahlo	497	(1)
Toward American Abstraction	498	(5)
Alfred Stieglitz	498	(1)
Georgia O'Keeffe	498	(2)
Transcendental Painting	500	(1)
American Self-Taught Painters	501	(2)
Abstract Expressionism	503	(13)
The Teachers: Hans Hofmann and Josef Albers	503	(1)
Abstract Expressionism	504	(2)
The New York School	504	(1)
Arshile Gorky	504	(2)
Action Painting	506	(4)
Jackson Pollock	506	(1)
Navajo Sand Painting	507	(1)
Franz Kline	508	(1)
Willem de Kooning	509	(1)
Acrylic	510	(1)
Helen Frankenthaler	510	(1)
Color Field Painting	510	(3)
Mark Rothko	510	(1)
Frank Stella	511	(1)
Ellsworth Kelly	512	(1)
West Coast Abstraction: Richard Diebenkorn	513	(1)
Sculpture	514	(2)
Isamu Noguchi	514	(1)
David Smith	514	(1)
Louise Nevelson	515	(1)
Pop Art, Op Art, and Minimalism	516	(13)
Pop Art in England: Richard Hamilton	516	(2)
Pop Art in the United States: Painting	518	(4)
Jasper Johns	518	(1)
Robert Rauschenberg	518	(1)
Andy Warhol	519	(1)
Roy Lichtenstein	520	(1)
Tom Wesselmann	520	(1)
Wayne Thiebaud	521	(1)
Sculpture	522	(1)
Claes Oldenburg	522	(1)
George Segal	522	(1)
Marisol Escobar	523	(1)
Op Art	523	(1)
Minimalism	524	(3)
Donald Judd	524	(1)
Dan Flavin	524	(1)
Agnes Martin	524	(2)
Eva Hesse	526	(1)
Action Sculpture: Joseph Beuys	527	(2)
Innovation and Continuity	529	(23)
Return to Realism	529	(3)
Chuck Close	529	(1)
Gilbert Proesch and George Passmore	530	(1)
Laurie Anderson	530	(1)
Duane Hanson	531	(1)
Architecture	532	(8)
The Guggenheim Museum, New York	532	(1)
The Whitney Museum	533	(1)
The Geodesic Dome: R. Buckminster Fuller	534	(1)
Post-Modern Architecture	535	(2)
I. M. Pei: The Louvre Pyramid	537	(1)
Richard Rogers: The Lloyd's Building	538	(1)
Frank Gehry: The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum Bilbao	539	(1)
Environmental Art	540	(3)
Robert Smithson	540	(1)
The Christos	541	(1)
Urban Environment	542	(1)
Feminist Art	543	(1)
Judy Chicago: The Dinner Party	453	(91)
Body Art	544	(1)
Plus ca change ...	544	(8)
Susan Rothenberg	544	(1)
Anselm Kiefer	545	(1)
Government Funding and Censorship	546	(1)
Maya Ying Lin	547	(1)
Nancy Graves	547	(1)
Bruce Nauman	548	(1)
Cindy Sherman	549	(1)
Video Art: Nam June Paik	550	(2)
Glossary	552
Suggestions for Further Reading	R1
Notes	N1
Photo Credits:	C1
Index	I1