HIV Essentials

by Sax, Paul E., M.D.

• ISBN13: 9780763777098
• ISBN10: 0763777099
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2009-09-25
• Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning

Summary

The World's Leading Experts Provide all the 'Essentials' Needed to Manage Patients in the Office, on the Ward, and in the Intensive Care Unit!HIV Essentials 2010 incorporates the latest clinical guidelines into a step-by-step guide to the diagnosis, evaluation, management and prevention of HIV infection and its complications.

Table of Contents

Overview Of HIV Infection	p. 1
Overview	p. 2
Stages of HIV Infection	p. 3
Acute HIV Infection	p. 4
Differential Diagnosis	p. 4
Signs and Symptoms	p. 4
Laboratory Findings	p. 4
Diagnostic Testing	p. 5
Management	p. 5
Diagnosis and Evaluation of HIV Infection	p. 6
HIV Antibody Testing	p. 7
ELSA	p. 7
Western Slot	p. 7
Others	p. 7
HIV Viral Load Assays	p. 9
Uses	p. 9
Assays and Interpretation	p. 9
Indications	p. 11
Initial Assessment of HIV-infected Patients	p. 11
Clinical Evaluation	p. 11
Laboratory Testing	p. 12
CD4 Cell Count	p. 14
Treatment Of HIV Infection	p. 15
Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy	p. 16
Selection of an Optimal Initial
Antitetroviral Regimen	p. 21
Complications of HIV Therapy	p. 26
Lipodystrophy Syndrome	p. 26
Antiretroviral Therapy Adverse Effects	p. 29
Bleeding Events	p. 30
Bone Marrow Suppression	p. 30
Cardiovascular	p. 32
Central Nervous System	p. 33
Gastrointestinal Intolerance	p. 34
Hepatic Failure	p. 35
Hepatoxicity	p. 37
Hyperlipidemia	p. 39
Hypersensitivity Reaction	p. 41
Insulin Resistance/Diabetes Mellitus	p. 43
Lactic Acidosis/Hepatic Steatosis	p. 44
Lipodystrophy	p. 47
Nephrolithiasis/Urolithiasis/Crystalluna	p. 48
Nephrotoxicity	p. 49
Neuromuscular Weakness Syndrome	p. 51
Osteonecrosis	p. 52
Osteopenia	p. 53
Peripheral Neuropathy	p. 54
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome	p. 55
References and Suggested Readings	p. 58
Treatment Failure and Resistance Testing	p. 60
Antiretroviral Treatment Failure	p. 61
Virologic Failure	p. 61
Immunologic Failure	p. 62
Clinical Failure	p. 62
Usual Sequence of Treatment Failure	p. 62
Principles of Resistance Testing	p. 66
Types of Resistance Testing	p. 67
Genotype Testing	p. 68
Phenotype Testing	p. 68
Other Options for Resistance Testing	p. 69
Co-Receptor Tropism Assay	p. 69
Indications for and Approach to Resistance Testing	p. 69
Important Genotype-Resistant Patterns	p. 71
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI's)	p. 71
Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTI's)	p. 73
Protease Inhibitors (PI's)	p. 74
Prophylaxis And Treatment of Opportunistic Infections	p. 76
Prophylaxis of Opportunistic Infections	p. 77
Treatment of Opportunistic Infections	p. 84
Aspergillosis, Invasive	p. 85
Bacterial Respiratory Diseases	p. 86
Bartonella Infections	p. 83
Campylobacteriosis	p. 89
Candidiasis (Mucosal)	p. 89
Chagas Disease	p. 92
Clostridium difficile Diarrhea/Colitis	p. 92
Coccidioidomycosis	p. 93
Cryptococcal Meningitis	p. 94
Cryptosporidiosis	p. 96
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Disease	p. 97
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)	p. 100
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)	p. 102
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Disease	p. 107
HHV-6 Infection	p. 108
HHVS Infection	p. 109
Histoplasma capsulatum	p. 109
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Disease	p. 111
Isospora belli Infection	p. 112
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous	p. 113
Leishmaniasis, Visceral	p. 113
Malaria	p. 114
Malaria, Severe	p. 114
Malaria, Uncomplicated	p. 115
Microsporidiosis	p. 115
Mycabaterium avium Complex (MAC) disease	p. 117
Mycobaterium Tuberculosis	p. 118
Penicilliosis	p. 120
Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP)	p. 121
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)	p. 123
Salmonellosis	p. 124
Shigellosis	p. 125
Toxoplasma gondii Encephalitis	p. 126
Treponema pallidum (Syphilis)	p. 127
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) Disease	p. 130
Complications of HIV infection	p. 132
Hematologic Complications	p. 133
Thrombocytopenia	p. 133
Anemia	p. 133
Neutropenia	p. 134
Eosinophilia	p. 355
Oncologic Complications	p. 135
Kaposi's Sarcoma	p. 135
Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma	p. 136
Primary CNS Lymphoma	p. 136
Cervical Cancer	p. 137
Anal Cancer	p. 137
Endocrine Complications	p. 137
Adrenal Insufficiency	p. 137
Hypogonadism	p. 138
Thyroid Disease	p. 138
Pancreatitis	p. 139
Hyperglycemia	p. 139
Hypoglycemia	p. 139
Ovarian Complications	p. 140
Bone Disease	p. 140
Gastrointestinal Complications	p. 141
Anorexia	p. 141
Nausea/Vomiting	p. 141
Diarrhea	p. 142
Oral or Esophageal Ulcers	p. 142
HIV Chofangiopathy	p. 143
Renal Complications	p. 143
HIV-Associated Nephropathy	p. 143
Medication-Related Renal Disease	p. 144
HCV-Associated Renal Disease	p. 145
Heroin Nephropathy	p. 145
Cardiac Complications	p. 145
HIV-Related Cardiomyopathy	p. 145
Pericarditis/Pericardial Effusion	p. 146
Tricuspid Valve Endocarditis	p. 146
Pulmonary Complications	p. 147
Pulmonary Hypertension	p. 147
Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonitis	p. 147
Emphysema	p. 147
Pulmonary Kaposi's Sarcoma	p. 148
HEENT Complications	p. 148
Aphthous Ulcers	p. 148
Oral Hairy Leukoplakia	p. 148
Salivary Gland Enlargement	p. 148
Lymphoepithelial Cysts	p. 148
Gingivitis/Periodontitis	p. 149
Musculoskeletal Complications	p. 149
HIV Arthropathy	p. 149
Reiter's Syndrome	p. 149
Pyomyositis	p. 149
HIV/NRTI-Related Myopathy	p. 150
Rhabdomyolysis	p. 150
Neurologic Complications	p. 150
Distal Sensory Neuropathy	p. 150
Other forms of Neuropathy	p. 151
HIV-Assodated/AlDS Dementia	p. 151
Psychiatric Complications	p. 152
Depression	p. 152
Mania	p. 152
Insomnia	p. 152
Dermatologic Complications	p. 153
Herpes Simplex Infection	p. 153
Varicella-Zosier Infection	p. 154
Molluicum Contagiosum	p. 154
Oral Hairy Leukoplakia	p. 154
Warts	p. 154
Staphylococcal Infections	p. 155
Bacillary Angiomatosis	p. 155
Fungal Infections	p. 156
Seborrheic Dermatitis	p. 156
Psoriasis	p. 156
Eosinophilic Folliculitis	p. 157
Xerosis/Ichthyosis	p. 157
HIV Infection and Pregnancy	p. 158
Overview	p. 159
Initial Evaluation	p. 159
Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnancy	p. 159
Goals of Therapy and Monitoring	p. 160
Management of HIV-infected Pregnant Women Currently Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy	p. 161
Other Management and Monitoring Considerations	p. 162
Postpartum Management	p. 163
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis	p. 170
Occupational post-Exposure Prophylaxis	p. 171
Nonoccupational Post-Exposure Prophylaxis	p. 177
Evaluation	p. 177
Use of Antiretroviral Therapy	p. 177
Follow-Up Testing	p. 178
Antiretroviral Drug Summaries	p. 180
	p. 225
IAS-USA Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV	p. 226
User Notes	p. 232
References to the User Notes	p. 236
	p. 239
Selected Key Internet Resources	p. 240
Index	p. 241
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