HIV Essentials 2011
by Sax, Paul E., M.D.; Cohen, Calvin J.; Kuritizkes, Daniel R., M.d.9781449613396
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Summary
The World's leading experts provide all the 'Essentials' needed to manage patients in the office, on the ward and in the ICU. HIV Essentials 2011 incorporates the latest clinical guidelines into a step-by-step guide to the diagnosis, evaluation, management and prevention of HIV infection and its complications.
Topics include:
-HIV diagnosis, evaluation, treatment and prevention
-Opportunistic infections and other HIV Complications
-Treatment of HIV and pregnancy
-Antiretroviral drug summaries
-Post-exposure Prophylaxis
-New section to each drug summary called "How Supplied" describes the commercially available dosage forms for all the ARV's
''Clinicians are constantly faced with changes in this field. This update maintains its friendly format and layout, it is well written, and the information is easy to access and understand. The authors are national experts who also provide invaluable opinion based on their experience. Ideally, readers should use the outlined key references to the literature to expand on certain topics and obtain more detailed information. This book proves its usefulness once again as a pocket reference for providers and busy clinicians managing patients with HIV infection.'' -Uriel Sandkovsky, MD,University of Nebraska Medical Center
Table of Contents
| Overview of HIV Infection | p. 1 |
| Overview | p. 2 |
| Stages of HIV Infection | p. 3 |
| Acute HIV Infection | p. 4 |
| Differential Diagnosis | p. 4 |
| Signs and Symptoms | p. 4 |
| Laboratory Findings | p. 4 |
| Diagnostic Testing | p. 5 |
| Management | p. 5 |
| Diagnosis and Evaluation of HIV Infection | p. 6 |
| HIV Antibody Testing | p. 7 |
| ELISA | p. 7 |
| Western Blot | p. 7 |
| Others | p. 7 |
| HIV Viral Load Assays | p. 9 |
| Uses | p. 9 |
| Assays and Interpretation | p. 9 |
| Indications | p. 11 |
| Initial Assessment of HIV-Infected Patients | p. 11 |
| Clinical Evaluation | p. 11 |
| Laboratory Testing | p. 12 |
| CD4 Cell Count | p. 14 |
| Treatment of HIV Infection | p. 15 |
| Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy | p. 16 |
| Selection of an Optimal Initial Antiretroviral Regimen | p. 22 |
| Complications of HIV Therapy | p. 31 |
| Lipodystrophy Syndrome | p. 31 |
| Antiretroviral Therapy Adverse Effects | p. 35 |
| Bleeding Events | p. 36 |
| Bone Marrow Suppression | p. 36 |
| Cardiovascular | p. 38 |
| Central Nervous System | p. 39 |
| Gastrointestinal Intolerance | p. 40 |
| Hepatic Failure | p. 41 |
| Hepatoxicity | p. 43 |
| Hyperlipidemia | p. 45 |
| Hypersensitivity Reaction | p. 47 |
| Insulin Resistance/Diabetes Mellitus | p. 49 |
| Lactic Acidosis/Hepatic Steatosis | p. 50 |
| Lipodystrophy | p. 53 |
| Nephrolithiasis/Urolithiasis/Crystalluria | p. 54 |
| Nephrotoxicity | p. 55 |
| Neuromuscular Weakness Syndrome | p. 57 |
| Osteonecrosis | p. 58 |
| Osteopenia | p. 59 |
| Pancreatitis | p. 60 |
| Peripheral Neuropathy | p. 60 |
| Stevens-Johnson Syndrome | p. 61 |
| References and Suggested Readings | p. 64 |
| Treatment Failure and Resistance Testing | p. 66 |
| Antiretroviral Treatment Failure | p. 67 |
| Virologic Failure | p. 67 |
| Immunologic Failure | p. 68 |
| Clinical Failure | p. 68 |
| Usual Sequence of Treatment Failure | p. 68 |
| Principles of Resistance Testing | p. 72 |
| Types of Resistance Testing | p. 73 |
| Genotype Testing | p. 74 |
| Phenotype Testing | p. 74 |
| Other Options for Resistance Testing | p. 75 |
| Co-Receptor Tropism Assay | p. 75 |
| Indications for and Approach to Resistance Testing | p. 75 |
| Important Genotype-Resistant Patterns | p. 77 |
| Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI's) | p. 77 |
| Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTI's) | p. 77 |
| Protease Inhibitors (Pi's) | p. 79 |
| Prophylaxis and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections | p. 82 |
| Prophylaxis of Opportunistic Infections | p. 83 |
| Treatment of Opportunistic Infections | p. 90 |
| Aspergillosis, Invasive | p. 91 |
| Bacterial Respiratory Diseases | p. 92 |
| Bartonella Infections | p. 94 |
| Campylobacteriosis | p. 95 |
| Candidiasis (Mucosal) | p. 95 |
| Chagas Disease | p. 98 |
| Clostridium difficile Diarrhea/Colitis | p. 98 |
| Coccidioidomycosis | p. 99 |
| Cryptococcal Meningitis | p. 100 |
| Cryptosporidiosis | p. 102 |
| Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Disease | p. 103 |
| Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) | p. 106 |
| Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) | p. 108 |
| Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Disease | p. 113 |
| HHV-6 Infection | p. 114 |
| HHV-8 Infection | p. 115 |
| Histoplasma capsulatum | p. 115 |
| Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Disease | p. 117 |
| Isospora belli Infection | p. 118 |
| Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous | p. 119 |
| Leishmaniasis, Visceral | p. 119 |
| Malaria | p. 120 |
| Malaria, Severe | p. 120 |
| Malaria, Uncomplicated | p. 121 |
| Microsporidiosis | p. 121 |
| Mycobaterium avium Complex (MAC) disease | p. 123 |
| Mycobaterium tuberculosis | p. 124 |
| Penicilliosis | p. 126 |
| Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) | p. 127 |
| Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) | p. 129 |
| Salmonellosis | p. 130 |
| Shigellosis | p. 131 |
| Toxoplasma gondii Encephalitis | p. 132 |
| Treponema pallidum (Syphilis) | p. 133 |
| Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) Disease | p. 136 |
| Complications of HIV Infection | p. 138 |
| Hematologic Complications | p. 139 |
| Thrombocytopenia | p. 139 |
| Anemia | p. 139 |
| Neutropenia | p. 140 |
| Eosinophilia | p. 141 |
| Oncologic Complications | p. 141 |
| Kaposi's Sarcoma | p. 141 |
| Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma | p. 142 |
| Primary CNS Lymphoma | p. 142 |
| Cervical Cancer | p. 143 |
| Anal Cancer | p. 143 |
| Endocrine Complications | p. 143 |
| Adrenal Insufficiency | p. 143 |
| Hypogonadism | p. 144 |
| Thyroid Disease | p. 144 |
| Pancreatitis | p. 145 |
| Hyperglycemia | p. 145 |
| Hypoglycemia | p. 145 |
| Ovarian Complications | p. 146 |
| Bone Disease | p. 146 |
| Gastrointestinal Complications | p. 147 |
| Anorexia | p. 147 |
| Nausea/Vomiting | p. 147 |
| Diarrhea | p. 148 |
| Oral or Esophageal Ulcers | p. 148 |
| HIV Cholangiopathy | p. 149 |
| Renal Complications | p. 149 |
| HIV-Associated Nephropathy | p. 149 |
| Medication-Related Renal Disease | p. 150 |
| HCV-Associated Renal Disease | p. 151 |
| Heroin Nephropathy | p. 151 |
| Cardiac Complications | p. 151 |
| HIV-Related Cardiomyopathy | p. 151 |
| Pericarditis/Pericardial Effusion | p. 152 |
| Tricuspid Valve Endocarditis | p. 152 |
| Pulmonary Complications | p. 153 |
| Pulmonary Hypertension | p. 153 |
| Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonitis | p. 153 |
| Emphysema | p. 153 |
| Pulmonary Kaposi's Sarcoma | p. 154 |
| HEENT Complications | p. 154 |
| Aphthous Ulcers | p. 154 |
| Oral Hairy Leukoplakia | p. 154 |
| Salivary Gland Enlargement | p. 154 |
| Lymphoepithelial Cysts | p. 154 |
| Gingivitis/Periodontitis | p. 155 |
| Musculoskeletal Complications | p. 155 |
| HIV Arthropathy | p. 155 |
| Reiter's Syndrome | p. 155 |
| Pyomyositis | p. 155 |
| HIV/NRTI-Related Myopathy | p. 156 |
| Rhabdomyolysis | p. 156 |
| Neurologic Complications | p. 156 |
| Distal Sensory Neuropathy | p. 156 |
| Other Forms of Neuropathy | p. 157 |
| HIV-Associated/AIDS Dementia | p. 157 |
| Psychiatric Complications | p. 158 |
| Depression | p. 159 |
| Mania | p. 159 |
| Insomnia | p. 159 |
| Dermatologic Complications | p. 159 |
| Herpes Simplex Infection | p. 159 |
| Varicella-Zoster Infection | p. 160 |
| Molluscum Contagiosum | p. 160 |
| Oral Hairy Leukoplakia | p. 160 |
| Warts | p. 160 |
| Staphylococcal Infections | p. 161 |
| Bacillary Angiomatosis | p. 161 |
| Fungal Infections | p. 162 |
| Seborrheic Dermatitis | p. 162 |
| Psoriasis | p. 162 |
| Eosinophilic Folliculitis | p. 163 |
| Xerosis/Ichthyosis | p. 163 |
| HIV Infection and Pregnancy | p. 164 |
| Overview | p. 165 |
| Initial Evaluation | p. 165 |
| Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnancy | p. 166 |
| Goals of Therapy and Monitoring | p. 166 |
| Management of HIV-Infected Pregnant Women Currently Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy | p. 168 |
| Other Management and Monitoring Considerations | p. 168 |
| Postpartum Management | p. 169 |
| Post-Exposure Prophylaxis | p. 180 |
| Occupational Post-Exposure Prophylaxis | p. 181 |
| Nonoccupational Post-Exposure Prophylaxis | p. 187 |
| Evaluation | p. 187 |
| Use of Antiretroviral Therapy | p. 187 |
| Follow-Up Testing | p. 188 |
| Antiretroviral Drug Summaries | p. 190 |
| p. 236 | |
| IAS-USA Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV | p. 237 |
| User Notes | p. 243 |
| References to the User Notes | p. 247 |
| p. 250 | |
| Selected Key Internet Resources | p. 251 |
| Reference | p. 252 |
| Index | p. 253 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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