Hotel, Restaurant, and Travel Law

by Cournoyer, Norman G.; Marshall, Anthony G.; Morris, Karen

• ISBN13: 9780766835993
• ISBN10: 0766835995
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-08-08
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

For professionals in the Travel and Hospitality industry as well as Legal professionals who specialize in this area, this book addresses legal issues confronted by managers in the hotel, restaurant, travel and casino industries. The emphasis is on prevention of legal violations. By reading the book, managers can appreciate and identify what actions and precautions are necessary to avoid, or at least minimize the number of lawsuits. The book uses the case method, long recognized as a helpful approach to learning and debunking the often-complicated discipline of law. The 6th edition has been completely updated with the latest decisions as well as classic cases that remain persuasive today.

Table of Contents

Table of Cases	xiv
Preface	xvii
About the Authors	xix
UNIT 1 LEGAL FUNDAMENTALS FOR THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY	1	(126)
Introduction to Contemporary Hospitality Law	3	(14)
What is Law?	4	(1)
Principles of Hospitality Law	4	(1)
Balancing Rights and Duties	4	(1)
History of Hospitality Law	4	(1)
Sources of Law	5	(4)
Constitutional Law	5	(1)
Statutory Law	6	(1)
Common Law	6	(2)
Administrative Law	8	(1)
Attributes of Law	9	(2)
The Role of the Judge	9	(1)
Civil and Criminal Law	9	(1)
Examples of Civil Law	10	(1)
Remedies in Civil Cases	10	(1)
Examples of Crimes	11	(1)
Penalties and Remedies in Criminal Cases	11	(1)
How to Read a Case	11	(2)
Summary	13	(4)
Legal Procedures: Journey of a Case through the Courts	17	(20)
The Parties and Proof	18	(1)
Commencing the Lawsuit	18	(7)
The Complaint	18	(4)
The Summons	22	(1)
Service of Process	22	(1)
Responses to the Complaint	22	(2)
Responses to the Answer	24	(1)
Summary Judgment	25	(1)
Pretrial Procedure	25	(1)
Discovery	25	(1)
Pretrial Conference	25	(1)
The Trial	26	(3)
Types of Trials---Jury and Bench	26	(1)
Jury Selection	27	(1)
Opening Statements	27	(1)
The Case-in-Chief	27	(1)
The Plaintiff's Rebuttal Case	28	(1)
Summation	28	(1)
Charging the Jury	28	(1)
Jury Deliberations	28	(1)
The Verdict	29	(1)
The Judgment	29	(1)
Appeal	29	(1)
Grounds for Appeal	30	(1)
Appellate Courts	30	(1)
Alternative Dispute Resolution	30	(1)
Interpreting a Case Citation	31	(1)
Summary	32	(5)
Civil Rights and Hospitality Businesses	37	(44)
The Civil Rights Act of 1964	38	(5)
Scope of the Act	39	(1)
Lodging for Transients	40	(1)
Dining Facilities	40	(1)
Places of Entertainment	40	(1)
Jurisdiction Through Interstate Commerce	40	(2)
Relief	42	(1)
Enforcing the Act	43	(5)
Establishing Jurisdiction	43	(1)
Racial Discrimination	44	(3)
Religious Discrimination	47	(1)
Broad Enforcement Through the Unitary Rule	47	(1)
Exempt Establishments	48	(6)
``Mrs. Murphy's Boarding House''	48	(1)
Private Clubs	48	(1)
Assailing ``Private-in Name-Only'' Clubs	49	(2)
Scrutinizing Admission Policies	51	(3)
Extending Civil Rights Protection	54	(15)
State Civil Rights Laws	55	(1)
The Americans with Disabilities Act	56	(9)
Language Discrimination	65	(2)
Age Discrimination	67	(1)
Gender Discrimination	67	(2)
Rights of Proprietors	69	(6)
Permissible to Remove a Disorderly Person	70	(2)
Reasonable Rules of an Establishment	72	(1)
Retaliatory Exclusion	73	(2)
Ejection of Objectionable Persons and Trespass	75	(1)
Summary	75	(6)
Contract Law and the Hospitality Industry	81	(46)
The Elements of a Contract	82	(11)
Capacity to Contract	82	(1)
Mutuality: Offer and Acceptance	83	(1)
Legality	84	(1)
Consideration	84	(1)
Illusory Contracts	85	(2)
Proper Form	87	(3)
Genuine Assent	90	(3)
Ambiguous Terms/Trade Usage	93	(4)
Conditions	94	(3)
Contracts Formed on the Internet	97	(1)
Breach of Contract	97	(5)
Compensatory Damages	98	(3)
Punitive Damages	101	(1)
Specific Performance	102	(1)
Contracting for a Room	102	(1)
Overbooking and Breach of Reservation Contract	102	(13)
Damages Allowed for Overbooking	102	(5)
Damage to Goodwill	107	(3)
Breach by a Guest	110	(5)
Intentional Interference with Contractual Relations	115	(2)
Catering and Convention Contracts	117	(3)
Summary	120	(7)
UNIT II NEGLIGENCE	127	(112)
Principles of Negligence	129	(50)
Negligence	130	(15)
Elements of a Negligence Case	130	(7)
Summary of the Elements of Negligence	137	(1)
Legal Status of Plaintiff	137	(1)
Duty Owed to Invitees	137	(2)
Duty Owed to Licensees	139	(3)
Duty Owed to Trespassers	142	(1)
Minority Position	143	(1)
No Special Duty Owed to Others	144	(1)
No Duty Owed on Property Not Owned or Maintained by the Hospitality Facility	145	(1)
Negligence Doctrines Generally Favoring the Plaintiff	145	(21)
Res Ipsa Loquitur	145	(3)
Children and the Reasonable Person Test	148	(3)
Attractive Nuisance Doctrine	151	(1)
Negligence Per Se Doctrine	152	(2)
Obligations Beyond Regulation	154	(1)
Strict or Absolute Liability	155	(1)
Strict Products Liability	156	(1)
Respondent Superior	157	(3)
Nondelegable Duties	160	(1)
Duty to Aid a Person in Distress	161	(1)
Duty to Invitees in Danger	161	(5)
Negligence Doctrines Generally Favoring the Defendant	166	(7)
Contributory Negligence and Comparative Negligence	166	(3)
Assumption of Risk	169	(4)
Comparative Negligence and Assumption of Risk	173	(1)
Summary	173	(6)
Negligence and Hospitality Practices	179	(60)
Duty Owed Guests in Hotel Rooms	180	(10)
Cleanliness of Hotel Rooms	180	(1)
Beds, Chairs, and Other Seats	180	(2)
Windows, Window Fixtures, and Screens	182	(1)
Electrical and Heating Hazards	183	(1)
Animals and Insects	183	(3)
Bathroom Appliances and Hot Shower Water	186	(4)
Duty Owed Guests and Others in Public Areas	190	(8)
Lobby	190	(1)
Elevators	190	(2)
Doors	192	(3)
Hallways	195	(1)
Stairways, Steps, and Their Coverings	195	(3)
Duty Owed Guests in Restaurants and Dining Rooms	198	(10)
Slippery Floors	198	(1)
Foreign Substances on the Floor	199	(2)
Importance of Enforcing a Policy of Frequent Floor Cleaning	201	(3)
Hanging Mirrors in Dining Rooms	204	(1)
Ceilings	204	(1)
Menu Boards on Ledges	205	(1)
Hanging Televisions	205	(1)
Serving Flambe Foods	205	(2)
Serving Hot Liquids	207	(1)
Duty Owed Guests Outside	208	(6)
Outside Door Service	209	(1)
Grounds	209	(3)
Outdoor Sporting Facilities	212	(1)
Outdoor Lighting Requirements	212	(2)
Duty Owed Guests in Swimming Areas	214	(7)
Exercise Reasonable Care	214	(2)
Remove Hazards	216	(1)
Comply with Statutory Requirements	216	(1)
Safety Equipment	217	(1)
Control Boisterous Conduct of Guests	217	(1)
Inspect for Glass in Pool Area	218	(1)
Waterfront Properties	218	(2)
Restrict Use or Warn of Hazards in the Water	220	(1)
Inspect Lake Bottoms for Hazards	220	(1)
Special Duties	221	(2)
Injuries Caused by Fire	221	(2)
Security	223	(5)
Medical Care	228	(2)
Summary	230	(9)
UNIT III RELATIONSHIPS WITH GUESTS AND OTHER PATRONS	239	(116)
Guests and Other Patrons	241	(14)
Who Qualifies as a Guest?	242	(1)
Intent of Parties	243	(5)
Registration	243	(2)
Delivery of Property	245	(3)
Checking Out	248	(1)
Guests' Illegal Acts	248	(1)
Termination of a Guest-Innkeeper Relationship	249	(1)
Landlord-Tenant Relationship	249	(2)
Summary	251	(4)
Protecting Patrons' Property	255	(44)
Risks to Property in the Hotel	256	(2)
Hotel Theft	256	(1)
Keycards and Keys	256	(1)
Guests' Insurance Does Not Protect Hotels	257	(1)
Absolute Liability for Guests' Goods	257	(1)
Exceptions to the Absolute Liability Rule	257	(1)
Prima Facie Liability Rule---Minority View	257	(1)
Limited Liability---Modern Limitations to the Absolute Liability Rule	258	(6)
Providing a Safe	259	(2)
Posting Notice of Availability of Safe	261	(1)
Posting Notice of Hotel's Limited Liability	262	(1)
What Property Belongs in the Safe?	263	(1)
Theft During Check-Out	264	(1)
Hotel Guest in Hotel Restaurant	264	(1)
Door Locks and Window Fastenings	264	(1)
Clothes and Other Personal Property	264	(3)
Checkrooms	265	(1)
Baggage Room	265	(1)
Merchandise Samples	265	(2)
Property in Transit	267	(1)
Property Not Covered by Limiting Liability Statutes	267	(1)
Fire	267	(1)
Estoppel: Loss of Limited Liability	267	(3)
Implying Greater Liability	268	(1)
Misrepresenting Risk	268	(2)
Hotel's Negligence	270	(2)
Comparative Negligence	272	(1)
Nevada's Limiting Statute	272	(1)
Liability During Check-In and Check-Out	272	(3)
Guest Status	272	(1)
Liability after Check-Out	273	(2)
Bailment	275	(17)
Effect of Bailment on Liability	276	(2)
Bailment for the Sole Benefit of the Bailor	278	(1)
Bailment for the Sole Benefit of the Bailee	278	(1)
Mutual-Benefit Bailment	278	(2)
Proof of Negligence in Bailment Cases	280	(4)
Items Inside Bailed Property	284	(1)
Rules Particular to Bailment of Cars	285	(2)
Liability for a Patron's Property in a Restaurant, Bar, or Cloakroom	287	(2)
Checkrooms	289	(2)
Concessionaires	291	(1)
Summary	292	(7)
Rights of Innkeepers	299	(32)
Right to Exclude Nonguests	300	(2)
Refusing a Guest Lodging	302	(2)
The Consequences of Wrongful Refusal	303	(1)
Age	303	(1)
Selecting Accommodations for a Guest	304	(1)
Changing a Guest's Accommodations	305	(1)
Entering a Guest's Room	305	(1)
Evicting a Guest	306	(10)
Failure to Pay the Hotel Bill	306	(1)
Overstaying	306	(1)
Persons of Ill Repute	307	(2)
Intoxication and Disorderly Conduct	309	(1)
Disorderly Conduct	309	(1)
Contagiously Ill Guests	309	(1)
Breaking House Rules	310	(2)
Persons Without Baggage	312	(1)
Business Competitors	312	(1)
The Process of Eviction	313	(3)
Evicting a Hotel Tenant	316	(1)
Refusing a Diner	316	(2)
Statutory Protection for the Hotelkeeper	318	(7)
The Innkeeper's Lien	319	(1)
Defrauding the Hotelkeeper or Restaurateur	320	(3)
Fraudulent Payment	323	(1)
False Arrest	324	(1)
Summary	325	(6)
Guest's Rights	331	(24)
Right to Occupy Assigned Room	332	(1)
Right to Privacy in Guest Room	332	(4)
Protection Against Illegal Searches	336	(7)
Report by Innkeeper of Illegal Activity	336	(1)
Search Warrant	337	(1)
Consent to Search	338	(1)
Effect of Termination of Occupancy on Privacy Rights	338	(1)
Disturbing the Peace	339	(1)
Emergency Situation	340	(1)
Room Registered to Another	341	(1)
Search of Items Mislaid by Guests	341	(2)
Unclaimed Lost Property	343	(1)
Protection Against Insults	343	(1)
Protection Against False Arrest	344	(1)
Protection Against Credit Card Fraud	345	(1)
Rights Concerning Rates and Fees	346	(2)
Right to Advance Notice	346	(1)
Right to No Extraneous Fees	346	(1)
Telephone Charges	347	(1)
Proper Handling of Mail and Packages	348	(3)
Summary	351	(4)
UNIT IV SPECIAL TOPICS	355	(252)
Liability and the Sale of Food	357	(34)
Adulterated Food	358	(14)
Warranty of Merchantability	358	(1)
Merchantable Food	358	(1)
Objects in Food	358	(4)
Trend Toward the Reasonable Expectations Test	362	(2)
Other Grounds for Breach of Warranty of Merchantability	364	(1)
Class Action	364	(1)
Hot Beverages	365	(1)
Foodborne Illnesses	366	(1)
Proof Problems Establishing Causation	367	(2)
Privity of Contract	369	(1)
Strict Products Liability	370	(1)
Negligence	371	(1)
Choice of Action	371	(1)
Customers with Allergies	371	(1)
False Food Claims	372	(5)
Truth-in-Menu Laws	373	(1)
Food Labeling	374	(1)
Kosher Foods	375	(1)
Relationships Between Fast-Food Operations and Hotels	376	(1)
Smoking Restrictions	377	(1)
Safety Concerns Particular to Food Preparation	378	(1)
Food Preparation	378	(1)
Risks Associated with Donated Foods	379	(1)
Liability for Injuries to Patrons	379	(7)
Failure to Eject Quarrelsome Patron	379	(3)
Sudden, Unforseeable Attack	382	(1)
Failure to Provide Adequate Security	383	(2)
No Duty to Comply with Demands of Robber	385	(1)
Summary	386	(5)
Liability and the Sale of Alcohol	391	(22)
Alcoholic Beverages and the Hospitality Industry	392	(4)
License to Sell Liquor	392	(1)
Illegal Sales	392	(1)
Sales to Underage Patrons	393	(1)
Sales to People Who Are Visibly Intoxicated	394	(1)
Proving Visible Intoxication	395	(1)
Sales to Known Habitual Drunkards	396	(1)
Proof of Visible Intoxication	396	(1)
Alcohol Vendors' Liability under Common Law	396	(1)
Alcohol Vendors' Liability Greatly Increases under Dram Shop Act	397	(5)
Alcohol Vendor's Liability to the Patron	398	(1)
Alcohol Vendor's Liability to Third Parties	399	(1)
Alcohol Vendor's Liability to Passengers in Patron's Car	400	(1)
Two Licensees Serving One Patron	401	(1)
Apportionment of Liability Where Plaintiff Is Negligent	402	(1)
States Without Dram Shop Acts	402	(1)
Liquor Liability Insurance	402	(1)
Emerging Liability	402	(1)
Strategies to Avoid Liability	403	(1)
Alcohol Sales in Hotel Guest Rooms	404	(1)
Miscellaneous Liquor Regulations	404	(2)
Age of Alcohol Servers	405	(1)
Restrictions on Alcohol Sales on Sunday	405	(1)
Warnings to Pregnant Women	405	(1)
Prohibition of Illegal Gambling	405	(1)
Prohibition of Disorderly Conduct	405	(1)
Maintenance of Prescribed Records	405	(1)
Restrictions on the Type of Alcohol Sold	405	(1)
Limitations on Sales Promotions	406	(1)
Prohibition on Celebrity Endorsements	406	(1)
Proximity to School or Church	406	(1)
Sexually Explicit Entertainment	406	(1)
Summary	407	(6)
Travel Agents and Airlines---Rights and Liabilities	413	(56)
The Makeup of the Travel Industry	414	(3)
Agency Law	414	(2)
Tariffs	416	(1)
Remedies for Small Damages	417	(1)
Small Claims Court	417	(1)
Class Action Suits	417	(1)
The Rights of the Traveler	418	(15)
Baggage Claims---Domestic and International	418	(7)
Airplane Security	425	(1)
Traveling with Animals	426	(1)
Personal Injury on Board International Flights	427	(1)
Refunds on Tickets	427	(1)
E-Tickets	428	(1)
Rights of Handicapped Travelers	429	(3)
Travel Insurance	432	(1)
Special Rights of Airlines	433	(2)
Right of Airlines to Cancel Scheduled Flights	433	(2)
Rights of Airline Captains	435	(3)
Overbooking	438	(4)
Rights of Would-Be Passengers	438	(1)
Priority Rules for Seating	439	(2)
Punitive Damages for Overbooking	441	(1)
Overbooking on International Flights	441	(1)
Punitive Damages on International Flights	442	(1)
Additional Legal Issues Involving Airlines	442	(1)
Lack of Documentation for International Travel	442	(1)
Wrong Destination	443	(1)
Liability for Negligence	443	(1)
Liabilities of Travel Agents and Charter Tour Companies	443	(14)
Liability for Own Actions	444	(2)
Duty to Investigate Third-Party Suppliers	446	(2)
Recommend Travel Insurance	448	(3)
Liability for Breach of Contract by Third-Party Service Suppliers	451	(3)
No Liability for Third-Party Suppliers' Negligence	454	(2)
Disclaimers by the Travel Agent	456	(1)
Errors and Omissions Insurance for Travel Agents	456	(1)
Credit Card Fraud	457	(1)
Rental Cars	457	(6)
Overbooking	457	(1)
Accidents in Rental Cars	458	(2)
Rental of a Car Known to Be Defective	460	(1)
Unauthorized Drivers	460	(2)
Age Discrimination with Car Rentals	462	(1)
Summary	463	(6)
Employment	469	(60)
Fair Labor Standards Act	470	(7)
Minimum Wage	470	(2)
Overtime Pay	472	(1)
Time Worked	473	(1)
Equal Pay for Equal Work	474	(1)
Comparable Worth	474	(1)
Retaliatory Discharge	475	(1)
Restrictions on Child Labor	475	(1)
Enforcement of the FLSA	476	(1)
Family and Medical Leave Act	476	(1)
At-Will Employment	476	(1)
Illegal Job Discrimination	477	(33)
Title VII of The Civil Rights Act of 1964	477	(1)
Filing a Complaint	478	(1)
Remedies	479	(1)
Defense of Bona Fide Occupational Qualification	480	(1)
Defense of Business Necessity	480	(1)
Prohibited and Permitted Interview Questions	481	(1)
Race	482	(4)
National Origin	486	(3)
National Origin and Accent Discrimination	489	(1)
Religion	489	(2)
Gender	491	(2)
Gender-Differentiated Grooming Standards	493	(1)
Sexual Harassment	493	(7)
Pregnancy	500	(2)
Age	502	(2)
Retaliatory Discharge	504	(1)
Mixed Types of Discrimination	504	(4)
The Civil Rights Act of 1991	508	(2)
Americans with Disabilities Act	510	(5)
Essential Functions	510	(1)
Reasonable Accommodation	511	(1)
Undue Hardship	511	(1)
Preference Not Required	512	(1)
ADA Impacts on Application Process	512	(1)
Drugs and Illnesses	513	(1)
Past Disabilities and Caregivers	513	(1)
Pursuing an ADA Case	513	(1)
Inability to Perform Essential Elements	514	(1)
Mandatory Verification of Employment Status	515	(3)
Immigration Reform and Control Act	515	(3)
Resume Fraud	518	(1)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration	519	(1)
Unions	519	(2)
Summary	521	(8)
Regulation and Licensing	529	(50)
Regulation of the Marketplace	530	(21)
Trademarks and Service Marks	530	(9)
Copyrights Basics	539	(1)
Illegal Satellite Reception	539	(2)
Music Performances	541	(4)
Artwork	545	(1)
Antitrust Problems	545	(6)
Franchising	551	(6)
Nature of the Franchise Relationship	551	(1)
Benefits to the Franchisee	551	(1)
Benefits to the Franchisor	552	(1)
Fraud and Breach of Contract by the Franchisor	552	(1)
Tying Arrangements in Franchises as an Antitrust Issue	553	(3)
Termination of a Franchise	556	(1)
Regulation of Hotel and Restaurant Internal Affairs	557	(3)
Guest Register	557	(1)
Rates	558	(1)
Mandatory Recycling	559	(1)
Licensing and Zoning	560	(12)
Licensing	560	(1)
Principles for Granting Licenses and Permits	560	(5)
License Fees	565	(1)
Consequences of Operating Without a License	566	(1)
Revocation or Suspension of a License	567	(2)
Zoning	569	(3)
Summary	572	(7)
The Developing Law of Casinos	579	(28)
A Short History of Gambling	580	(1)
Gambling Today	581	(1)
Gaming Issues	581	(3)
Resolution of Gaming Issues	581	(1)
Casino Owes No Duty to Inform Patrons of Laws Relevant to Gambling	582	(1)
Exclusion of Card Counters Permissible	582	(1)
Slot Machines	583	(1)
Contracts and Gambling Debts	584	(1)
Compulsive Gamblers	584	(1)
Torts Involving Casinos	585	(8)
Negligence	585	(3)
Criminal Activity at Casinos	588	(2)
False Imprisonment	590	(1)
Trademark Infringement	590	(2)
Copyright Infringement	592	(1)
Sexual Harassment Occurring at Casinos	593	(2)
Casinos and the Dram Shop Act	595	(1)
Riverboat Casinos and the Jones Act	596	(2)
The Jones Act	597	(1)
Casinos on Native American Reservations	598	(3)
Sovereign Authority	598	(1)
Lawsuits Against Native American Tribes	598	(1)
Lawsuits Against Casino Employees	599	(1)
Indian Gaming Regulatory Act	600	(1)
Internet Gambling	601	(1)
Summary	602	(5)
Appendix A	607	(2)
Appendix B	609	(2)
Appendix C	611	(9)
Appendix D	620	(3)
Appendix E	623	(2)
Appendix F	625	(2)
Glossary	627	(12)
Index	639