The Human Body in Health & Disease

by Thibodeau, Gary A.

Edition:

4th

ISBN13:

9780323031615

ISBN10:

0323031617

Format:

Hardcover

Pub. Date:

4/1/2005

Publisher(s):

HARCOURT HEALTH SCIENCE

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What version or edition is this?

This is the 4th edition with a publication date of 4/1/2005.

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The Used copy of this book is not guaranteed to inclue any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included.

Summary

Offering a student-friendly writing style, this text presents a body systems approach with a strong emphasis on vocabulary and basic anatomy and physiology concepts, as well as the basic mechanisms of disease and pathologic conditions associated with each body system. This comprehensive text is dominated by two unifying themes: the complementarity of structure and function and homeostasis. The integrating principle of homeostasis is used to show how "normal" structure and function is achieved and maintained. Failures of homeostasis are shown as basic mechanisms of disease. The reader is drawn into the subject by superior illustrations, including cadaver dissections, and other student-friendly features.

An Introduction to the Structure and Function of the Body

(20)

Structural Levels of Organization

(2)

Anatomical Position

(1)

Anatomical Directions

(2)

Planes or Body Sections

(1)

Body Cavities

(2)

Body Regions

(2)

The Balance of Body Functions

(10)

Chemistry of Life

(20)

Levels of Chemical Organization

(1)

Atoms

(1)

Elements, Molecules, and Compounds

(1)

Chemical Bonding

(4)

Ionic Bonds

(1)

Covalent Bonds

(1)

Inorganic Chemistry

(2)

Water

(1)

Acids, Bases, and Salts

(1)

Organic Chemistry

(12)

Carbohydrates

(1)

Lipids

(1)

Proteins

(2)

Nucleic Acids

(7)

Cells and Tissues

(44)

Cells

(7)

Size and Shape

(1)

Composition

(1)

Parts of the Cell

(7)

Relationship of Cell Structure and Function

(1)

Movement of Substances Through Cell Membranes

(6)

Passive Transport Processes

(2)

Active Transport Processes

(3)

Cell Transport and Disease

(1)

Cell Reproduction and Heredity

(7)

DNA Molecule and Genetic Information

(2)

Cells, Genetics, and Disease

(1)

Cell Division

(2)

Changes in Cell Growth and Reproduction

(2)

Tissues

(22)

Epithelial Tissue

(5)

Connective Tissue

(4)

Muscle Tissue

(1)

Nervous Tissue

(1)

Tissue Repair

(11)

Organ Systems of the Body

(26)

Organ Systems of the Body

(11)

Integumentary System

(1)

Skeletal System

(3)

Muscular System

(1)

Nervous System

(1)

Endocrine System

(1)

Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System

(2)

Lymphatic and Immune Systems

(1)

Respiratory System

(1)

Digestive System

(1)

Urinary System

(1)

Reproductive System

(2)

Integration of Body Organ System Functions

(1)

Organ Replacement

(12)

Artificial Organs

(3)

Organ Transplantation

101

(9)

Mechanisms of Disease

110

(36)

Studying Disease

111

(2)

Disease Terminology

111

(1)

Patterns of Disease

112

(1)

Pathophysiology

113

(3)

Mechanisms of Disease

113

(2)

Risk Factors

115

(1)

Pathogenic Organisms and Particles

116

(9)

Types of Organisms and Particles

116

(9)

Prevention and Control

125

(1)

Tumors and Cancer

126

(8)

Neoplasms

126

(3)

Causes of Cancer

129

(1)

Pathogenesis of Cancer

130

(4)

Inflammation

134

(12)

Inflammatory Response

134

(3)

Inflammatory Disease

137

(9)

The Integumentary System and Body Membranes

146

(34)

Classification of Body Membranes

147

(3)

Epithelial Membranes

148

(2)

Connective Tissue Membranes

150

(1)

The Skin

150

(14)

Structure of the Skin

150

(9)

Appendages of the Skin

159

(4)

Functions of the Skin

163

(1)

Disorders of the Skin

164

(16)

Skin Lesions

164

(1)

Burns

165

(2)

Skin Infections

167

(2)

Vascular and Inflammatory Skin Disorders

169

(1)

Skin Cancer

170

(10)

The Skeletal System

180

(48)

Functions of the Skeletal System

182

(1)

Support

182

(1)

Protection

182

(1)

Movement

182

(1)

Storage

182

(1)

Hematopoiesis

182

(1)

Types of Bones

182

(1)

Structure of Long Bones

182

(1)

Microscopic Structure of Bone and Cartilage

183

(2)

Bone Formation and Growth

185

(2)

Divisions of Skeleton

187

(17)

Axial Skeleton

187

(10)

Appendicular Skeleton

197

(7)

Differences Between a Man's and A Woman's Skeleton

204

(1)

Joints (Articulations)

205

(7)

Kinds of Joints

205

(7)

Skeletal Disorders

212

(16)

Tumors of Bone and Cartilage

212

(1)

Metabolic Bone Diseases

213

(1)

Bone Infection

214

(1)

Bone Fractures

215

(1)

Joint Disorders

215

(13)

The Muscular System

228

(32)

Muscle Tissue

230

(1)

Structure of Skeletal Muscle

231

(2)

Microscopic Structure

231

(2)

Functions of Skeletal Muscle

233

(1)

Movement

233

(1)

Posture

234

(1)

Heat Production

234

(1)

Fatigue

234

(1)

Role of Other Body Systems in Movement

234

(1)

Motor Unit

235

(1)

Muscle Stimulus

235

(1)

Types of Skeletal Muscle Contraction

235

(5)

Twitch and Tetanic Contractions

236

(1)

Isotonic Contraction

236

(1)

Isometric Contraction

236

(4)

Effects of Exercise on Skeletal Muscles

240

(1)

Skeletal Muscle Groups

240

(9)

Muscles of the Head and Neck

242

(1)

Muscles That Move the Upper Extremities

242

(2)

Muscles of the Trunk

244

(1)

Muscles That Move the Lower Extremities

245

(1)

Movements Produced by Skeletal Muscle Contractions

245

(4)

Major Muscular Disorders

249

(11)

Muscle Injury

249

(1)

Muscle Infections

250

(1)

Muscular Dystrophy

251

(1)

Myasthenia Gravis

251

(9)

The Nervous System

260

(50)

Organs and Divisions of the Nervous System

262

(1)

Cells of the Nervous System

262

(4)

Neurons

262

(1)

Glia

263

(2)

Disorders of Nervous Tissue

265

(1)

Nerves

266

(1)

Reflex Arcs

267

(3)

Nerve Impulses

270

(1)

The Synapse

270

(4)

Central Nervous System

274

(12)

Divisions of the Brain

274

(4)

Brain Disorders

278

(4)

Spinal Cord

282

(3)

Coverings and Fluid Spaces of the Brain and Spinal Cord

285

(1)

Peripheral Nervous System

286

(6)

Cranial Nerves

289

(1)

Spinal Nerves

290

(2)

Peripheral Nerve Disorders

292

(1)

Autonomic Nervous System

292

(18)

Functional Anatomy

294

(1)

Autonomic Conduction Paths

295

(1)

Sympathetic Nervous System

295

(1)

Parasympathetic Nervous System

296

(1)

Autonomic Neurotransmitters

297

(1)

Autonomic Nervous System as a Whole

298

(1)

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

299

(11)

The Senses

310

(32)

Classification of Sense Organs

311

(3)

Converting a Stimulus Into a Sensation

314

(1)

General Sense Organs

314

(1)

Special Sense Organs

315

(27)

The Eye

315

(3)

Visual Disorders

318

(8)

The Ear

326

(5)

Hearing Disorders

331

(1)

The Taste Receptors

332

(1)

The Smell Receptors

332

(10)

The Endocrine System

342

(36)

Mechanisms of Hormone Action

344

(4)

Nonsteroid Hormones

347

(1)

Steroid Hormones

348

(1)

Regulation of Hormone Secretion

348

(3)

Mechanisms of Endocrine Disease

351

(1)

Prostaglandins

351

(1)

Pituitary Gland

352

(3)

Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones

352

(2)

Posterior Pituitary Gland Hormones

354

(1)

Hypothalamus

355

(1)

Thyroid Gland

355

(3)

Parathyroid Glands

358

(1)

Adrenal Glands

358

(5)

Adrenal Cortex

360

(1)

Adrenal Medulla

360

(2)

Adrenal Abnormalities

362

(1)

Pancreatic Islets

363

(3)

Female Sex Glands

366

(1)

Male Sex Glands

366

(1)

Thymus

366

(1)

Placenta

367

(1)

Pineal Gland

367

(1)

Other Endocrine Structures

367

(11)

Blood

378

(32)

Blood Composition and Volume

379

(2)

Blood Types

381

(1)

ABO System

381

(1)

Rh System

382

(1)

Blood Plasma

382

(2)

Formed Elements

384

(1)

Mechanisms of Blood Disease

385

(1)

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

385

(2)

Red Blood Cell Disorders

387

(4)

Polycythemia

387

(1)

Anemia

388

(3)

White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)

391

(3)

WBC Count

393

(1)

Leukocyte Types and Functions

393

(1)

White Blood Cell Disorders

394

(3)

Multiple Myeloma

394

(1)

Leukemia

395

(2)

Infectious Mononucleosis

397

(1)

Platelets and Blood Clotting

397

(13)

Clotting Disorders

399

(11)

The Heart and Heart Disease

410

(24)

Location, Size, and Position of the Heart

411

(2)

Anatomy of the Heart

413

(4)

Heart Chambers

413

(1)

The Pericardium and Pericarditis

413

(2)

Heart Action

415

(1)

Heart Valves and Valve Disorders

415

(2)

Heart Sounds

417

(1)

Blood Flow Through the Heart

417

(2)

Coronary Circulation and Coronary Heart Disease

419

(1)

Cardiac Cycle

420

(1)

Conduction System of the Heart

421

(5)

Electrocardiography

421

(1)

Cardiac Dysrhythmia

422

(4)

Heart Failure

426

(8)

The Circulation of the Blood

434

(26)

Blood Vessels

435

(6)

Types

435

(1)

Structure

435

(2)

Functions

437

(4)

Disorders of Blood Vessels

441

(3)

Disorders of Arteries

441

(1)

Disorders of Veins

442

(2)

Circulation of Blood

444

(4)

Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation

444

(1)

Hepatic Portal Circulation

444

(1)

Fetal Circulation

445

(3)

Blood Pressure

448

(4)

Defining Blood Pressure

448

(1)

Factors That Influence Blood Pressure

448

(3)

Fluctuations in Blood Pressure

451

(1)

Pulse

452

(1)

Circulatory Shock

452

(8)

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

460

(28)

The Lymphatic System

462

(6)

Lymph and Lymph Vessels

462

(2)

Lymphedema

464

(1)

Lymph Nodes

464

(2)

Lymphoma

466

(1)

Thymus

467

(1)

Tonsils

467

(1)

Spleen

468

(1)

The Immune System

468

(2)

Function of the Immune System

468

(1)

Nonspecific Immunity

468

(1)

Specific Immunity

469

(1)

Immune System Molecules

470

(2)

Antibodies

470

(2)

Complement Proteins

472

(1)

Immune System Cells

472

(5)

Phagocytes

472

(1)

Lymphocytes

473

(4)

Hypersensitivity of the Immune System

477

(2)

Allergy

477

(1)

Autoimmunity

478

(1)

Isoimmunity

478

(1)

Immune System Deficiency

479

(9)

Congenital Immune Deficiency

480

(1)

Acquired Immune Deficiency

480

(8)

The Respiratory System

488

(38)

Structural Plan

490

(1)

Respiratory Tracts

490

(2)

Respiratory Mucosa

492

(1)

Nose

493

(2)

Pharynx

495

(2)

Larynx

497

(1)

Disorders of the Upper Respiratory Tract

498

(2)

Upper Respiratory Infection

498

(1)

Anatomical Disorders

498

(2)

Trachea

500

(1)

Bronchi, Bronchioles, and Alveoli

501

(2)

Respiratory Distress

501

(2)

Lungs and Pleura

503

(3)

Respiration

506

(4)

Mechanics of Breathing

506

(1)

Exchange of Gases in Lungs

507

(1)

Exchange of Gases in Tissues

508

(2)

Volumes of Air Exchanged in Pulmonary Ventilation

510

(1)

Regulation of Respiration

510

(2)

Cerebral Cortex

512

(1)

Receptors Influencing Respiration

512

(1)

Types of Breathing

512

(2)

Disorders of the Lower Respiratory Tract

514

(12)

Lower Respiratory Infection

514

(1)

Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders

515

(1)

Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders

516

(1)

Lung Cancer

516

(10)

The Digestive System

526

(40)

Mouth

529

(1)

Teeth

530

(1)

Types of Teeth

530

(1)

Typical Tooth

530

(1)

Disorders of the Mouth and Teeth

531

(4)

Salivary Glands

535

(1)

Pharynx

535

(1)

Wall of the Digestive Tract

536

(1)

Esophagus

536

(2)

Stomach

538

(4)

Disorders of the Stomach

541

(1)

Small Intestine

542

(3)

Disorders of the Small Intestine

542

(3)

Liver and Gallbladder

545

(2)

Disorders of the Liver and Gallbladder

545

(2)

Pancreas

547

(1)

Large Intestine

547

(4)

Disorders of the Large Intestine

550

(1)

Appendix and Appendicitis

551

(2)

Peritoneum

553

(1)

Extensions

553

(1)

Peritonitis

553

(1)

Ascites

553

(1)

Digestion

554

(2)

Carbohydrate Digestion

554

(1)

Protein Digestion

554

(1)

Fat Digestion

554

(2)

Absorption

556

(10)

Nutrition and Metabolism

566

(22)

Role of the Liver

567

(1)

Nutrient Metabolism

568

(4)

Carbohydrate Metabolism

568

(2)

Fat Metabolism

570

(1)

Protein Metabolism

571

(1)

Vitamins and Minerals

572

(2)

Metabolic Rates

574

(1)

Metabolic and Eating Disorders

574

(4)

Body Temperature

578

(10)

Abnormal Body Temperature

579

(9)

The Urinary System

588

(28)

Kidneys

589

(7)

Location

589

(2)

Internal Structure

591

(1)

Microscopic Structure

592

(2)

Function

594

(2)

Formation of Urine

596

(2)

Control of Urine Volume

597

(1)

Ureters

598

(1)

Urinalysis

598

(1)

Urinary Bladder

599

(1)

Urethra

599

(1)

Micturition

600

(1)

Renal and Urinary Disorders

601

(15)

Obstructive Disorders

602

(1)

Urinary Tract Infections

603

(1)

Glomerular Disorders

604

(1)

Kidney Failure

605

(11)

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

616

(18)

Body Fluids

618

(2)

Body Fluid Compartments

619

(1)

Mechanisms That Maintain Fluid Balance

620

(6)

Regulation of Fluid Intake

621

(1)

Importance of Electrolytes in Body Fluids

621

(4)

Capillary Blood Pressure and Blood Proteins

625

(1)

Fluid Imbalance

626

(1)

Electrolyte Imbalance

627

(7)

Sodium Imbalance

627

(1)

Potassium Imbalance

627

(1)

Calcium Imbalance

627

(7)

Acid-Base Balance

634

(18)

pH of Body Fluids

635

(1)

Mechanisms that Control pH of Body Fluids

636

(6)

Buffers

637

(2)

Respiratory Mechanism of pH Control

639

(1)

Urinary Mechanism of pH Control

640

(2)

pH Imbalances

642

(10)

Metabolic and Respiratory Disturbances

645

(7)

The Reproductive Systems

652

(38)

Common Structural and Functional Characteristics Between the Sexes

654

(1)

Male Reproductive System

654

(8)

Structural Plan

654

(1)

Testes

655

(4)

Reproductive Ducts

659

(1)

Accessory or Supportive Sex Glands

660

(1)

External Genitals

661

(1)

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

662

(2)

Disorders of the Testes

662

(1)

Disorders of the Prostate

663

(1)

Disorders of the Penis and Scrotum

663

(1)

Female Reproductive System

664

(11)

Structural Plan

664

(1)

Ovaries

665

(3)

Reproductive Ducts

668

(2)

Accessory or Supportive Sex Glands

670

(1)

External Genitals

670

(2)

Menstrual Cycle

672

(3)

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

675

(5)

Hormonal and Menstrual Disorders

675

(1)

Infection and Inflammation

676

(1)

Tumors and Related Conditions

677

(2)

Infertility

679

(1)

Summary of Male and Female Reproductive Systems

680

(1)

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

680

(10)

Growth and Development

690

(32)

Prenatal Period

692

(9)

Fertilization to Implantation

692

(5)

Periods of Development

697

(1)

Formation of the Primary Germ Layers

697

(2)

Histogenesis and Organogenesis

699

(2)

Birth or Parturition

701

(2)

Stages of Labor

701

(1)

Multiple Births

701

(2)

Disorders of Pregnancy

703

(3)

Implantation Disorders

703

(1)

Preeclampsia

704

(1)

Fetal Death

704

(1)

Birth Defects

705

(1)

Postpartum Disorders

706

(1)

Postnatal Period

706

(4)

Infancy

707

(1)

Childhood

708

(1)

Adolescence

709

(1)

Adulthood

709

(1)

Older Adulthood

709

(1)

Effects of Aging

710

(12)

Skeletal System

710

(1)

Integumentary System (Skin)

710

(1)

Urinary System

710

(2)

Respiratory System

712

(1)

Circulatory (Cardiovascular) System

712

(1)

Special Senses

713

(1)

Reproductive Systems

714

(8)

Genetics and Genetic Diseases

722

Genetics and Human Disease

723

(1)

Chromosomes and Genes

724

(2)

Mechanisms of Gene Function

724

(1)

The Human Genome

724

(2)

Distribution of Chromosomes to Offspring

726

(1)

Gene Expression

726

(6)

Hereditary Traits

726

(2)

Sex-Linked Traits

728

(2)

Genetic Mutations

730

(2)

Genetic Diseases

732

(4)

Mechanisms of Genetic Disease

732

(1)

Single-Gene Diseases

732

(3)

Chromosomal Diseases

735

(1)

Prevention and Treatment of Genetic Diseases

736

Genetic Counseling

736

(1)

Pedigree

736

(3)

Treating Genetic Diseases

739

Appendix A Examples of Pathological Conditions

(16)

Table 1 Leading Health Problems

(1)

Table 2 Viral Conditions

(1)

Table 3 Bacterial Conditions

(4)

Table 4 Mycotic (Fungal) Conditions

(1)

Table 5 Conditions Caused by Protozoa

(1)

Table 6 Conditions Caused by Pathogenic Animals

(1)

Table 7 Conditions Caused by Physical Agents

(2)

Table 8 Endocrine Conditions

(2)

Table 9 Autoimmune Diseases

(1)

Table 10 Deficiency Diseases

(1)

Table 11 Genetic Conditions

(2)

Appendix B Medical Terminology

(8)

Hints for Learning and Using Medical Terms

(1)

Table 1 Word Parts Commonly Used as Prefixes

(2)

Table 2 Word Parts Commonly Used as Suffixes

(1)

Table 3 Word Parts Commonly Used as Roots

(4)

Appendix C Clinical and Laboratory Values

(5)

Table 1 Blood, Plasma, or Serum Values

(2)

Table 2 Urine Components

(3)

Appendix D Common Abbreviations and Symbols

Table 1 Diseases and Infectious Agents

(1)

Table 2 Charting Terms

(2)

Table 3 Symbols

(1)

Table 4 Units of Measurement

(1)

Table 5 General Scientific Abbreviations

(1)

Table 6 Health Sciences Academic Degrees and Professional Credentials

Chapter Test and Case Studies Answers

(1)

Glossary

(1)

Illustration/Photo Credits

Pathology Mini Atlas

The Human Body in Health & Disease

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